We consider a bulk plus boundary extension of Jackiw-Teitelboim gravity coupled with non-Abelian gauge fields. The generalization is performed in the Poisson sigma model formulation and it is derived as a dimensional reduction of the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>AdS</mi><mn>3</mn></msub></math> Chern-Simons theory with Wess-Zumino-Witten (WZW) boundary terms. We discuss the role of boundary conditions in relation to the symmetries of the boundary dynamics and we show that the boundary action can be written in terms of coadjoint orbits of an appropriate Virasoro-Kac-Moody group. We obtain a Schwarzian action and interaction terms with additional edge modes that match the effective low-energy action of recent Sachdev–Ye–Kitaev-like tensor models.

Italy

Goffredo Chirco

Lucio Vacchiano

Patrizia Vitale

<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mi mathvariant="fraktur">s</mi><mi mathvariant="fraktur">o</mi></mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>2</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math> extension of Jackiw-Teitelboim gravity via the Virasoro-Kac-Moody semidirect product

The mass and current coupling of the tensor hybrid charmonia <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>H</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">c</mi></msub></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mover accent="true"><mi>H</mi><mo stretchy="false">˜</mo></mover><mi mathvariant="normal">c</mi></msub></math> with quantum numbers <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>J</mi><mi>PC</mi></msup><mo>=</mo><msup><mn>2</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mn>2</mn><mrow><mo>+</mo><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup></math>, as well as their full widths, are calculated in the context of the QCD sum rule method. The spectral parameters of these states are computed using the QCD two-point sum rule approach including dimension-12 terms <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mo>∼</mo><mo stretchy="false">⟨</mo><msubsup><mi>g</mi><mi>s</mi><mn>3</mn></msubsup><msup><mi>G</mi><mn>3</mn></msup><msup><mo stretchy="false">⟩</mo><mn>2</mn></msup></math>. The full decay widths of the charmonia <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>H</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">c</mi></msub></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mover accent="true"><mi>H</mi><mo stretchy="false">˜</mo></mover><mi mathvariant="normal">c</mi></msub></math> are evaluated by considering their kinematically allowed decay channels. In the case of the hybrid state <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>H</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">c</mi></msub></math>, decays to <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>D</mi><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mo>±</mo><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></msup><msup><mi>D</mi><mrow><mo>*</mo><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mo>∓</mo><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></msup></math>, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>D</mi><mn>0</mn></msup><msup><mover accent="true"><mi>D</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover><mrow><mo>*</mo><mn>0</mn></mrow></msup></math>, and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mi>D</mi><mi>s</mi><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mo>±</mo><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></msubsup><msubsup><mi>D</mi><mi>s</mi><mrow><mo>*</mo><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mo>∓</mo><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></msubsup></math> mesons are taken into account. The processes <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><msub><mrow><mover accent="true"><mrow><mi>H</mi></mrow><mrow><mo stretchy="false">˜</mo></mrow></mover></mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">c</mi></mrow></msub><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><msup><mrow><mi>D</mi></mrow><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mo>*</mo><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup><msup><mrow><mi>D</mi></mrow><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mo>*</mo><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>−</mo></mrow></msup></mrow></math>, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>D</mi><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mo>*</mo><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mn>0</mn></mrow></msup><msup><mover accent="true"><mi>D</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mo>*</mo><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mn>0</mn></mrow></msup></math>, and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mi>D</mi><mi>s</mi><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mo>*</mo><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>+</mo></mrow></msubsup><msubsup><mi>D</mi><mi>s</mi><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mo>*</mo><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>−</mo></mrow></msubsup></math> are employed to estimate the full width of the hybrid charmonium <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mover accent="true"><mi>H</mi><mo stretchy="false">˜</mo></mover><mi mathvariant="normal">c</mi></msub></math>. The partial widths of these decays are computed by means of the QCD three-point sum rule method, which is necessary to calculate strong couplings at the relevant hybrid-meson-meson vertices. Our predictions <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>m</mi><mo>=</mo><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>4.16</mn><mo>±</mo><mn>0.14</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>GeV</mi></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mover accent="true"><mi>m</mi><mo stretchy="false">˜</mo></mover><mo>=</mo><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>4.5</mn><mo>±</mo><mn>0.1</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>GeV</mi></math> for the masses and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi mathvariant="normal">Γ</mi><mrow><mo stretchy="false">[</mo><msub><mi>H</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">c</mi></msub><mo stretchy="false">]</mo></mrow><mo>=</mo><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>160</mn><mo>±</mo><mn>30</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>MeV</mi></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi mathvariant="normal">Γ</mi><mrow><mo stretchy="false">[</mo><msub><mover accent="true"><mi>H</mi><mo stretchy="false">˜</mo></mover><mi mathvariant="normal">c</mi></msub><mo stretchy="false">]</mo></mrow><mo>=</mo><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>206</mn><mo>±</mo><mn>33</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>MeV</mi></math> for the full width of these hybrid charmonia can be useful to study and interpret various resonances in the 4–5 GeV mass range.

Azerbaijan

S.S. Agaev

Iran

Türkiye

K. Azizi

H. Sundu

Tensor hybrid charmonia

Given that the wave function of a proton can be derived relativistically and nonperturbatively from a light-front quantized Hamiltonian, investigating the quantum correlation between quarks and gluons offers a novel perspective on the internal structure of partons within a proton. In this work, we address this topic by computing the spin and longitudinal momentum entanglement of each parton inside the proton. The utilized wave functions are generated using basis light-front quantization (BLFQ), incorporating both the valence quarks and one dynamical gluon Fock sectors, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mo stretchy="false">|</mo><mi>q</mi><mi>q</mi><mi>q</mi><mo stretchy="false">⟩</mo></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mo stretchy="false">|</mo><mi>q</mi><mi>q</mi><mi>q</mi><mo stretchy="false">⟩</mo></mrow><mo>+</mo><mrow><mo stretchy="false">|</mo><mi>q</mi><mi>q</mi><mi>q</mi><mi>g</mi><mo stretchy="false">⟩</mo></mrow></math>. Our calculations indicate that the dynamical gluon significantly enhances entanglement among the proton’s partons. Additionally, we examine the spin entanglement of quarks and gluons at fixed values of longitudinal momentum fraction, revealing that the presence of a gluon may amplify the informational exchanges between quarks. Finally, these findings suggest the potential for experimental verification of the entanglement between partons by measuring parton helicity distributions in the proton.

China

Chen Qian

United States

Siqi Xu

Yang-Guang Yang

Xingbo Zhao

Quark and gluon entanglement in the proton based on a light-front Hamiltonian

We propose a new dark-matter detection strategy that will potentially enable the search for super-light dark matter <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>m</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>χ</mi></mrow></msub><mo>≃</mo><mn>0.1</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>keV</mi></mrow></math>, improving the minimum detectable mass by more than 3 orders of magnitude compared to ongoing experiments. This can be achieved by intimately integrating the target material, specifically the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>π</mi></math>-bond electrons in graphene, into a Josephson junction to create a highly sensitive detector capable of detecting energy deposits from dark matter as small as <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mo>∼</mo><mn>0.1</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>meV</mi></mrow></math>. We investigate detection prospects of pg-, ng-, and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">μ</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi><mtext>−</mtext><mi>scale</mi></mrow></math> detectors by calculating the scattering rate between dark matter and free electrons confined in two-dimensional graphene, including Pauli-blocking factors and in-medium screening effects. We find that the proposed detector is expected to not only serve as a complementary probe of superlight dark matter but also achieve higher experimental sensitivities than other proposed experiments, assuming zero readout noise, thanks to the extremely low threshold energy of our graphene Josephson junction sensor.

Doojin Kim

South Korea

Jong-Chul Park

Gil-Ho Lee

Kin Chung Fong

Graphene-based super-light invisible matter particle search

The transition from a false vacuum to the true vacuum is a real-time phenomenon of interest in many contexts. It represents a special challenge for strongly interacting non-Abelian gauge theories because standard spacetime lattices incorporate imaginary time from the outset. To attain real-time phenomena, Hamiltonian lattice methods are being developed for quantum computers. The present work considers SU(2) gauge theory on a minimal lattice in three spatial dimensions, where round-the-world strings called torelons can travel and interact. This minimal 3D lattice has a triamond structure whose properties are elucidated by calculating the spectrum of torelon states. Then, by introducing a twisted boundary condition, real-time evolution is used to demonstrate the decay of a false vacuum. Calculations in the present work are done on classical computers except for one benchmark study of imaginary time evolution that ran on the ibm_brisbane quantum computer.

Canada

Ali H.Z. Kavaki

Randy Lewis

False vacuum decay in triamond lattice gauge theory

Lattice QCD calculations of inclusive semileptonic decay rates involve new types of systematic effects, such as truncation errors in the estimation of energy integrals, or finite-volume effects for multibody final states. We investigate them for the lattice data of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>D</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>s</mi></mrow></msub><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><msub><mrow><mi>X</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>s</mi></mrow></msub><mo>ℓ</mo><mi>ν</mi></mrow></math> decays, obtained using Möbius domain-wall fermions. Separating the ground-state and excited-state contributions results in better control over these systematic effects. With the Chebyshev polynomial approximation, the truncation error is under control, while the finite-volume effects are estimated using a model to describe two-body final states.

Japan

Ryan Kellermann

Zhi Hu

Germany

Alessandro Barone

United Kingdom

Ahmed Elgaziari

Shoji Hashimoto

Takashi Kaneko

CERN

Andreas Jüttner

Inclusive semileptonic decays from lattice QCD: Analysis of systematic effects

Axion-like particles (ALPs) can be copiously produced in binary neutron star (BNS) mergers through nucleon-nucleon bremsstrahlung if the ALP-nucleon couplings <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>g</mi><mrow><mi>a</mi><mi>N</mi></mrow></msub></math> are sizable. The ALP-photon coupling <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>g</mi><mrow><mi>a</mi><mi>γ</mi></mrow></msub></math> may trigger conversions of ultralight ALPs into photons in the magnetic fields of the merger remnant and of the Milky Way. This effect would lead to a potentially observable short gamma-ray signal, in coincidence with the gravitational-wave signal produced during the merging process. This event could be detected through multimessenger observation of BNS mergers employing the synergy between gravitational-wave detectors and gamma-ray telescopes. Here, we study the sensitivity of current and proposed MeV gamma-ray experiments to detect such a signal. As an explicit example, we consider ALP couplings related as in the Kim-Shifman-Vainshtein-Zakharov axion model, and show that in this case the proposed instruments can reach a sensitivity down to <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>g</mi><mrow><mi>a</mi><mi>γ</mi></mrow></msub><mo>≳</mo><mi>few</mi><mo>×</mo><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>13</mn></mrow></msup><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><msup><mrow><mi>GeV</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></math> for <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>m</mi><mi>a</mi></msub><mo>≲</mo><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>9</mn></mrow></msup><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>eV</mi></math>, comparable with the SN 1987A limit.

Francesca Lecce

Alessandro Lella

Giuseppe Lucente

Vimal Vijayan

Andreas Bauswein

Spain

Maurizio Giannotti

Alessandro Mirizzi

Probing axionlike particles with multimessenger observations of neutron star mergers

We investigate the heavy-quark corner of the Columbia plot using the gluon potential derived from the Curci-Ferrari extension of the Faddeev-Popov gauge fixing in the center-symmetric Landau gauge, as a proxy for the Polyakov loop potential. In line with the observation that Landau gauge couplings are not that large in the case of heavy-quark QCD, we consider a one-loop approximation and test its consistency by using various renormalization schemes while investigating the dependence of our results on the renormalization scale. We find that the main qualitative features of the phase structure in the heavy-quark regime are reproduced. Notably, we have direct access to real chemical potentials, and have tested that extrapolations from imaginary chemical potentials approximate the direct calculation well until large chemical potentials. Our results agree quantitatively with those of simulations to 10% accuracy, which is the expected precision of the one-loop calculations in applications of the Curci-Ferrari model to Yang-Mills or heavy-quark QCD theories.

France

V. Tomas Mari Surkau

Urko Reinosa

Heavy-quark corner of the Columbia plot from the center-symmetric Curci-Ferrari model

We investigate general relativistic effects on the photon spectrum emitted from decaying (or annihilating) particle dark matter in the halo surrounding a primordial black hole. The spectrum undergoes significant modification due to gravitational redshifts, which induces broadening as a result of the intense gravitational field near the black hole. This characteristic alteration in the photon spectrum presents a unique observational signature. Future observations of such spectral features may provide critical evidence for a mixed dark matter scenario, involving both primordial black holes and particle dark matter.

Toya Suzuki

Takahisa Igata

Kazunori Kohri

Tomohiro Harada

General relativistic effects on photon spectrum emitted from dark matter halos around primordial black holes

We investigate holographically the effective theory of the worldvolume fermion on the flavor branes in the D3/D7 model with homogeneously smeared D(-1)-branes. As a top-down approach in gauge-gravity duality, the D(-1)-branes are instantons and violate the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi></mrow></math> symmetry in the dual theory. The background geometry of this model contains black brane (deconfined geometry) and bubble D3-brane solutions (confined geometry), all with a nonzero Ramond-Ramond zero form as axion. The dual theories to the backgrounds are respectively the Super Yang-Mills theory at finite temperature and three-dimensional confining Yang-Mills theory, all with a Chern-Simons term induced by instantons. In the confined geometry, we introduce a baryon vertex as a D5-brane wrapped on <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>S</mi><mn>5</mn></msup></math>, then identify the fermionic fluxes produced by the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>N</mi><mi>c</mi></msub></math> open strings on the D7-brane as a baryonic operator. Afterwards, we study the spectrum and the holographic correlation function of the baryonic fermion on the D7-branes. Remarkably, the fermionic spectrum is in agreement with the dispersion curves obtained from the confined correlation function, and the mass ratio of the lowest baryon and meson in our model is close to the associated experimental data. Moreover, the effective interaction terms of the holographic baryon and meson are derived and all the coupling constants take order of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mi>N</mi><mi>c</mi><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>/</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></msubsup></math> agreeing with the evaluation from the large <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>N</mi><mi>c</mi></msub></math> field theory. In the deconfined geometry, the holographic correlation function is also evaluated numerically while the fermion on D7-brane is identified to plasmino instead of baryon. The dispersion curves from the deconfined correlation function basically cover the results from the hard thermal loop approximation and may imply the instanton-induced interaction with spin. Overall, this work constructs a holographic theory about baryonic fermion and mesonic boson with instantons or <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi></mrow></math> violation.

Si-wen Li

Xiao-tong Zhang

Worldvolume fermion as baryon with homogeneous instantons in holographic <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>QCD</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></math>