We introduce a mixed-state generalization of the multientropy through the canonical purification, which we call “reflected multientropy.” We propose the holographic dual of this measure. For the tripartite case, a field-theoretical calculation is performed using a six-point function of twist operators at large <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>c</mi></math> limit. At both zero and finite temperature, the field-theoretical results match the holographic results, supporting our holographic conjecture of this new measure.

China

Ma-Ke Yuan

Mingyi Li

Yang Zhou

Reflected Multientropy and Its Holographic Dual

Knots emerge in various fields of mathematics and physics today. We show that knots indeed appear as stable solitons in a realistic extension of the standard model of particle physics that provides the QCD axion and right-handed neutrinos. This result suggests that, during the early Universe, a “knot dominated era” may have existed, where knots were a dominant component of the Universe, and this scenario can be tested through gravitational wave observations. Furthermore, we propose that the end of this era involves the collapse of the knots via quantum tunneling, leading to the generation of matter-antimatter asymmetry in the Universe.

Japan

Minoru Eto

Germany

Yu Hamada

Muneto Nitta

Tying Knots in Particle Physics

High temperatures are typically thought to increase disorder. Here we examine this idea in quantum field theory in <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mn>2</mn><mo>+</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></math> dimensions. For this sake we explore a novel class of tractable models, consisting of nearly-mean-field scalars interacting with critical scalars. We identify UV-complete, local, unitary models in this class and show that symmetry breaking <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><msub><mrow><mi mathvariant="double-struck">Z</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mo>∅</mo></mrow></math> occurs at any temperature in some regions of the phase diagram. This phenomenon, previously observed in models with fractional dimensions, or in the strict planar limits, or with nonlocal interactions, is now exhibited in a local, unitary <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mn>2</mn><mo>+</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></math> dimensional model with a finite number of fields.

United States

Zohar Komargodski

Fedor K. Popov

Temperature-Resistant Order in <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mn>2</mn><mo>+</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></math> Dimensions

Short-distance constraints from the operator product expansion in QCD play an important role in the evaluation of the hadronic light-by-light scattering contribution to the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon. Holographic QCD has been shown to naturally incorporate the Melnikov-Vainshtein constraint on the longitudinal amplitude following from the triangle anomaly in the asymmetric limit, where one photon virtuality remains small compared to the others. This is saturated by an infinite tower of axial vector mesons, and their numerical contribution to the muon <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mi>g</mi><mo>−</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></math> in AdS/QCD models agrees rather well with a recent dispersive analysis. However, in AdS/QCD, the longitudinal short-distance constraint where all virtualities are large turns out to be matched only at the level of 81%. In this Letter we show that tensor mesons, whose contribution to the muon <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>g</mi><mo>−</mo><mn>2</mn></math> has recently been found to be underestimated, can fill this gap because in holographic QCD their infinite tower of excited mesons only contributes to the symmetric longitudinal short-distance constraint. Numerically, they give rise to a sizeable positive contribution from the low-energy region below 1.5 GeV, a small one from the mixed region, and a negligible one from the high-energy region, which could explain the remaining gap between the most recent dispersive and lattice results for the complete hadronic light-by-light contribution.

Austria

Jonas Mager

Italy

Luigi Cappiello

Josef Leutgeb

Anton Rebhan

Longitudinal Short-Distance Constraints on Hadronic Light-by-Light Scattering and Tensor-Meson Contributions to the Muon <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mi>g</mi><mo>−</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></math>

Quasinormal modes play a prominent role in the relaxation of diverse physical systems to equilibria, ranging from astrophysical black holes to tiny droplets of quark-gluon plasma at the RHIC and LHC accelerators. We propose that a novel kind of quasinormal mode governs the direct approach to self-similar time evolution of nonthermal fixed points, whose relevance ranges from high-energy physics to cold atom gases. We utilize black hole perturbation theory techniques to compute the spectrum of these far-from-equilibrium quasinormal modes for a kinetic theory with a Fokker-Planck collision kernel in isotropic and homogeneous states. Our conclusion is that quasinormal modes of nonthermal fixed points give rise to a tower of progressively more decaying power-law contributions. A by-product of our analysis is a precise determination and improved understanding of the distribution function characterizing nonthermal fixed points.

Belgium

Matisse De Lescluze

Michal P. Heller

Quasinormal Modes of Nonthermal Fixed Points

Muon colliders provide an exciting new direction to expand the energy frontier of particle physics. We point out a new use of these facilities for neutrino and beyond the standard model physics using their main detectors. Muon decays along the accelerator rings create an intense and highly collimated neutrino beam that crosses a thin slice of the kt-scale detector. As a result, it would induce an unprecedented number of neutrino interactions, with <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mi mathvariant="script">O</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>4</mn></mrow></msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math> events per second for a 10 TeV <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>μ</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup><msup><mrow><mi>μ</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo></mrow></msup></mrow></math> collider. These interactions are highly energetic and possess a distinct timing signature and a large transverse displacement. We discuss promising applications of these events for instrumentation, electroweak, and beyond-the-standard model physics. For instance, a subpercent measurement of the neutrino-electron scattering rate enables new precision measurements of the Weak angle and a novel detection of the neutrino charge radius.

Luc Bojorquez-Lopez

Matheus Hostert

Carlos A. Argüelles

Zhen Liu

Muon Colliders and the Neutrino Slice

Axions, originally proposed to resolve the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi></mrow></math> problem in the strong interaction, remain a leading dark matter candidate. While cavity haloscopes offer the most sensitive technique for detecting axions, searches have largely been limited to masses below <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mn>10</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>μeV</mi></mrow></math>. We report a sensitive search for axion dark matter with masses around <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mn>21</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>μeV</mi></mrow></math>, utilizing the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>TM</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>020</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></math> mode of a cylindrical cavity equipped with an innovative tuning mechanism. Our search achieved a sensitivity of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mn>1.7</mn><mo>×</mo></math> the Kim-Shifman-Vainshtein-Zakharov benchmark over a 100-MHz range, representing a significant advance in this mass range. These results demonstrate that higher-order modes provide a viable strategy for extending haloscope searches into previously unexplored higher-mass regions.

South Korea

Sungjae Bae

Sweden

Junu Jeong

Younggeun Kim

SungWoo Youn

Jinsu Kim

Arjan F. van Loo

Yasunobu Nakamura

Seonjeong Oh

Taehyeon Seong

Sergey Uchaikin

Jihn E. Kim

Yannis K. Semertzidis

Axion Dark Matter Search with Sensitivity near the Kim-Shifman-Vainshtein-Zakharov Benchmark Using the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>TM</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>020</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></math> Mode

A measurement is presented of the cross section in proton-proton collisions for the production of two <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>W</mi></math> bosons and one <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>Z</mi></math> boson. It is based on data recorded by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC at center-of-mass energies <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msqrt><mi>s</mi></msqrt><mo>=</mo><mn>13</mn></math> and 13.6 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mn>200</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><msup><mi>fb</mi><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></math>. Events with four charged leptons (electrons or muons) in the final state are selected. Both nonresonant <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>W</mi><mi>W</mi><mi>Z</mi></math> production and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>Z</mi><mi>H</mi></math> production, with the Higgs boson decaying into two <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>W</mi></math> bosons, are reported. For the first time, the two processes are measured separately in a simultaneous fit. Combining the two modes, signal strengths relative to the standard model (SM) predictions of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mn>0.75</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>0.29</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo><mn>0.34</mn></mrow></msubsup></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mn>1.74</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>0.60</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo><mn>0.71</mn></mrow></msubsup></math> are measured for <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msqrt><mi>s</mi></msqrt><mo>=</mo><mn>13</mn></math> and 13.6 TeV, respectively. The observed (expected) significance for the triboson signal is 3.8 (2.5) standard deviations for <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><msqrt><mrow><mi>s</mi></mrow></msqrt><mo>=</mo><mn>13.6</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>TeV</mi></mrow></math>, thus providing the first evidence for triboson production at this center-of-mass energy. Combining the two modes and the two center-of-mass energies, the inclusive signal strength relative to the SM prediction is measured to be <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mn>1.03</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>0.28</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo><mn>0.31</mn></mrow></msubsup></math>, with an observed (expected) significance of 4.5 (5.0) standard deviations.

Armenia

A. Hayrapetyan

V. Makarenko

A. Tumasyan

W. Adam

J.W. Andrejkovic

L. Benato

T. Bergauer

K. Damanakis

M. Dragicevic

C. Giordano

P.S. Hussain

M. Jeitler

N. Krammer

A. Li

D. Liko

I. Mikulec

J. Schieck

R. Schöfbeck

D. Schwarz

M. Shooshtari

M. Sonawane

W. Waltenberger

C.E. Wulz

T. Janssen

H. Kwon

D. Ocampo Henao

T. Van Laer

P. Van Mechelen

J. Bierkens

N. Breugelmans

J. D’Hondt

S. Dansana

A. De Moor

M. Delcourt

F. Heyen

Y. Hong

P. Kashko

S. Lowette

I. Makarenko

D. Müller

J. Song

S. Tavernier

M. Tytgat

G.P. Van Onsem

S. Van Putte

D. Vannerom

B. Bilin

B. Clerbaux

A.K. Das

I. De Bruyn

G. De Lentdecker

H. Evard

L. Favart

P. Gianneios

A. Khalilzadeh

F.A. Khan

A. Malara

M.A. Shahzad

L. Thomas

M. Vanden Bemden

C. Vander Velde

P. Vanlaer

F. Zhang

M. De Coen

D. Dobur

G. Gokbulut

J. Knolle

L. Lambrecht

D. Marckx

K. Skovpen

N. Van Den Bossche

J. van der Linden

J. Vandenbroeck

L. Wezenbeek

S. Bein

A. Benecke

A. Bethani

G. Bruno

A. Cappati

J. De Favereau De Jeneret

C. Delaere

A. Giammanco

A.O. Guzel

V. Lemaitre

J. Lidrych

P. Malek

P. Mastrapasqua

S. Turkcapar

Brazil

G.A. Alves

M. Barroso Ferreira Filho

E. Coelho

C. Hensel

T. Menezes De Oliveira

C. Mora Herrera

P. Rebello Teles

M. Soeiro

E.J. Tonelli Manganote

A. Vilela Pereira

W.L. Aldá Júnior

H. Brandao Malbouisson

Measurement of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>W</mi><mi>W</mi><mi>Z</mi></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>Z</mi><mi>H</mi></math> Production Cross Sections at <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msqrt><mi>s</mi></msqrt><mo>=</mo><mn>13</mn></math> and 13.6 TeV

Using <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>e</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup><msup><mrow><mi>e</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo></mrow></msup></mrow></math> data taken at the center-of-mass energy of 3.773 GeV with the BESIII detector, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mn>20.3</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><msup><mi>fb</mi><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></math>, we report the first measurement of the decay dynamics of the semileptonic decays <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>D</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>0</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></msup><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><msup><mrow><mi>K</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo></mrow></msup><msup><mrow><mi>π</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup><msup><mrow><mi>π</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mo>−</mo><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></msup><msup><mrow><mi>e</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup><msub><mrow><mi>ν</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>e</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math>. The amplitude analysis gives the hadronic form factors of the semileptonic <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>D</mi></math> transitions into the axial-vector meson <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><msub><mrow><mover accent="true"><mrow><mi>K</mi></mrow><mrow><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mrow></mover></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>1270</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math> to be <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>r</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>A</mi></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mo>−</mo><mn>11.2</mn><mo>±</mo><msub><mrow><mn>1.0</mn></mrow><mrow><mi>stat</mi></mrow></msub><mo>±</mo><msub><mrow><mn>0.9</mn></mrow><mrow><mi>syst</mi></mrow></msub><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>×</mo><msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>r</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>V</mi></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mo>−</mo><mn>4.3</mn><mo>±</mo><msub><mrow><mn>1.0</mn></mrow><mrow><mi>stat</mi></mrow></msub><mo>±</mo><msub><mrow><mn>2.5</mn></mrow><mrow><mi>syst</mi></mrow></msub><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>×</mo><msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math>. This is the first in the semileptonic decays of heavy mesons into axial-vector mesons. The angular analysis yields an up-down asymmetry <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><msubsup><mrow><mi mathvariant="script">A</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>ud</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>′</mo></mrow></msubsup><mo>=</mo><mn>0.01</mn><mo>±</mo><mn>0.11</mn></mrow></math>, which is consistent with the standard model prediction. In addition, the branching fractions of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>D</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><msub><mrow><mover accent="true"><mrow><mi>K</mi></mrow><mrow><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mrow></mover></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>1270</mn><msup><mrow><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msup><msup><mrow><mi>e</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup><msub><mrow><mi>ν</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>e</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>D</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msup><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><msub><mrow><mi>K</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>1270</mn><msup><mrow><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo></mrow></msup><msup><mrow><mi>e</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup><msub><mrow><mi>ν</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>e</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math> are determined with improved precision to be <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>2.27</mn><mo>±</mo><mn>0.1</mn><msub><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow><mrow><mi>stat</mi></mrow></msub><mo>±</mo><mn>0.0</mn><msub><mrow><mn>7</mn></mrow><mrow><mi>syst</mi></mrow></msub><mo>±</mo><mn>0.0</mn><msub><mrow><mn>7</mn></mrow><mrow><mtext>input</mtext></mrow></msub><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>×</mo><msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>1.02</mn><mo>±</mo><mn>0.0</mn><msub><mrow><mn>6</mn></mrow><mrow><mi>stat</mi></mrow></msub><mo>±</mo><mn>0.0</mn><msub><mrow><mn>6</mn></mrow><mrow><mi>syst</mi></mrow></msub><mo>±</mo><mn>0.0</mn><msub><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow><mrow><mtext>input</mtext></mrow></msub><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>×</mo><msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math>, respectively. No significant signals of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>D</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><msub><mrow><mover accent="true"><mrow><mi>K</mi></mrow><mrow><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mrow></mover></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>1400</mn><msup><mrow><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msup><msup><mrow><mi>e</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup><msub><mrow><mi>ν</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>e</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>D</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msup><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><msub><mrow><mi>K</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>1400</mn><msup><mrow><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo></mrow></msup><msup><mrow><mi>e</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup><msub><mrow><mi>ν</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>e</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math> are observed and their branching fraction upper limits are set as <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mn>1.4</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>4</mn></mrow></msup></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mn>0.7</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>4</mn></mrow></msup></math> at 90% confidence level, respectively.

M. Ablikim

Russia

M.N. Achasov

P. Adlarson

X.C. Ai

R. Aliberti

A. Amoroso

Q. An

Y. Bai

JINR

O. Bakina

Y. Ban

H.R. Bao

Poland

V. Batozskaya

Mongolia

K. Begzsuren

N. Berger

M. Berlowski

M. Bertani

D. Bettoni

F. Bianchi

E. Bianco

A. Bortone

I. Boyko

R.A. Briere

A. Brueggemann

H. Cai

M.H. Cai

X. Cai

A. Calcaterra

G.F. Cao

N. Cao

Türkiye

S.A. Cetin

X.Y. Chai

J.F. Chang

G.R. Che

Y.Z. Che

G. Chelkov

C.H. Chen

Chao Chen

G. Chen

First Measurement of the Decay Dynamics in the Semileptonic Transition of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><msup><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">D</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>0</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></msup></mrow></math> into the Axial-Vector Meson <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><msub><mrow><mover accent="true"><mrow><mi>K</mi></mrow><mrow><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mrow></mover></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>1270</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math>