We present results for the dominant light-quark connected contribution to the long-distance window of the hadronic vacuum polarization (HVP) contribution to the muon <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>g</mi><mo>−</mo><mn>2</mn></math> from lattice quantum chromodynamics. Specifically, with a new determination of the lattice scale on MILC’s physical-mass HISQ ensembles, using the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi><mo>−</mo></msup></math> baryon mass, we obtain a result of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><msubsup><mrow><mi>a</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>μ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>l</mi><mi>l</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>LD</mi></mrow></msubsup><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mrow><mi>conn</mi></mrow><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>=</mo><mn>400.2</mn><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>2.3</mn><msub><mrow><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow><mrow><mi>stat</mi></mrow></msub><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>3.7</mn><msub><mrow><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow><mrow><mi>syst</mi></mrow></msub><mo stretchy="false">[</mo><mn>4.3</mn><msub><mrow><mo stretchy="false">]</mo></mrow><mrow><mtext>total</mtext></mrow></msub><mo>×</mo><mspace linebreak="goodbreak"></mspace><msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>10</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math>. Summing this result with our recent determinations of the light-quark connected contributions to the short- and intermediate-distance windows, we obtain a subpercent precision determination of the light-quark-connected contribution to HVP of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><msubsup><mrow><mi>a</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>μ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>l</mi><mi>l</mi></mrow></msubsup><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mrow><mi>conn</mi></mrow><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>=</mo><mn>655.2</mn><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>2.3</mn><msub><mrow><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow><mrow><mi>stat</mi></mrow></msub><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>3.9</mn><msub><mrow><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow><mrow><mi>syst</mi></mrow></msub><mo stretchy="false">[</mo><mn>4.5</mn><msub><mrow><mo stretchy="false">]</mo></mrow><mrow><mtext>total</mtext></mrow></msub><mo>×</mo><msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>10</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math>. Finally, as a consistency check, we verify that an independent analysis of the full contribution is in agreement with the sum of individual windows. We discuss our future plans for improvements of our HVP calculations to meet the target precision of the Fermilab <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>g</mi><mo>−</mo><mn>2</mn></math> experiment.

United States

Alexei Bazavov

Claude W. Bernard

David A. Clarke

United Kingdom

Christine Davies

Carleton DeTar

Aida X. El-Khadra

Spain

Elvira Gámiz

Steven Gottlieb

Anthony V. Grebe

Leon Hostetler

William I. Jay

Hwancheol Jeong

Andreas S. Kronfeld

Shaun Lahert

Jack Laiho

G. Peter Lepage

Michael Lynch

Andrew T. Lytle

Craig McNeile

Ethan T. Neil

Curtis T. Peterson

James N. Simone

Jacob W. Sitison

Ruth S. Van de Water

Alejandro Vaquero

Hadronic Vacuum Polarization for the Muon <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mi>g</mi><mo>−</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></math> from Lattice QCD: Long-Distance and Full Light-Quark Connected Contribution

We report results of a search for nuclear recoils induced by weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) dark matter using the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) two-phase xenon time projection chamber. This analysis uses a total exposure of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mn>4.2</mn><mo>±</mo><mn>0.1</mn></math> tonne-years from 280 live days of LZ operation, of which <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mn>3.3</mn><mo>±</mo><mn>0.1</mn></math> tonne-years and 220 live days are new. A technique to actively tag background electronic recoils from <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mmultiscripts><mrow><mi>Pb</mi></mrow><mprescripts></mprescripts><none></none><mrow><mn>214</mn></mrow></mmultiscripts></mrow></math> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>β</mi></math> decays is featured for the first time. Enhanced electron-ion recombination is observed in two-neutrino double electron capture decays of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mmultiscripts><mrow><mi>Xe</mi></mrow><mprescripts></mprescripts><none></none><mrow><mn>124</mn></mrow></mmultiscripts></mrow></math>, representing a noteworthy new background. After removal of artificial signal-like events injected into the dataset to mitigate analyzer bias, we find no evidence for an excess over expected backgrounds. World-leading constraints are placed on spin-independent (SI) and spin-dependent WIMP-nucleon cross sections for masses <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mo form="prefix">≥</mo><mn>9</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>GeV</mi><mo>/</mo><msup><mrow><mi>c</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math>. The strongest SI exclusion set is <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mn>2.2</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>48</mn></mrow></msup><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><msup><mrow><mi>cm</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math> at the 90% confidence level and the best SI median sensitivity achieved is <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mn>5.1</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>48</mn></mrow></msup><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><msup><mrow><mi>cm</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math>, both for a mass of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mn>40</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>GeV</mi><mo>/</mo><msup><mi>c</mi><mn>2</mn></msup></math>.

J. Aalbers

D.S. Akerib

A.K. Al Musalhi

F. Alder

C.S. Amarasinghe

A. Ames

T.J. Anderson

N. Angelides

H.M. Araújo

J.E. Armstrong

M. Arthurs

A. Baker

S. Balashov

J. Bang

J.W. Bargemann

Switzerland

E.E. Barillier

D. Bauer

K. Beattie

T. Benson

A. Bhatti

A. Biekert

T.P. Biesiadzinski

H.J. Birch

E. Bishop

G.M. Blockinger

B. Boxer

C.A.J. Brew

Portugal

P. Brás

S. Burdin

M. Buuck

M.C. Carmona-Benitez

M. Carter

A. Chawla

H. Chen

J.J. Cherwinka

Y.T. Chin

N.I. Chott

M.V. Converse

R. Coronel

A. Cottle

G. Cox

D. Curran

C.E. Dahl

I. Darlington

S. Dave

A. David

J. Delgaudio

S. Dey

L. de Viveiros

L. Di Felice

C. Ding

J.E.Y. Dobson

E. Druszkiewicz

S. Dubey

S.R. Eriksen

A. Fan

S. Fayer

N.M. Fearon

N. Fieldhouse

S. Fiorucci

H. Flaecher

E.D. Fraser

Australia

T.M.A. Fruth

R.J. Gaitskell

A. Geffre

J. Genovesi

C. Ghag

A. Ghosh

R. Gibbons

S. Gokhale

J. Green

M.G.D. van der Grinten

J.J. Haiston

C.R. Hall

T.J. Hall

S. Han

E. Hartigan-O’Connor

S.J. Haselschwardt

M.A. Hernandez

S.A. Hertel

G. Heuermann

G.J. Homenides

M. Horn

D.Q. Huang

D. Hunt

E. Jacquet

R.S. James

J. Johnson

A.C. Kaboth

A.C. Kamaha

Meghna K. K.

D. Khaitan

A. Khazov

I. Khurana

J. Kim

South Korea

Y.D. Kim

J. Kingston

R. Kirk

D. Kodroff

L. Korley

Dark Matter Search Results from <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mn>4.2</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mtext>Tonne</mtext><mtext>−</mtext><mtext>Years</mtext></mrow></math> of Exposure of the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) Experiment

We establish thermodynamic stability and gauge invariance in the magnetovortical matter of Dirac fermions under the coexistent rotation and strong magnetic field. The corresponding partition function reveals that the orbital contribution to bulk thermodynamics preponderates over the conventional contribution from anomaly-related spin effects. This orbital preponderance macroscopically manifests itself in the sign inversion of the induced charge and current in the magnetovortical matter, and can be tested experimentally as the flip of the angular momentum polarization of magnetovortical matter when the magnetic field strength is increased.

Japan

Kenji Fukushima

China

Koichi Hattori

Kazuya Mameda

Preponderant Orbital Polarization in Relativistic Magnetovortical Matter

ATOMKI nuclear anomaly has suggested a new BSM (beyond the standard model) boson with mass <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mo>∼</mo><mn>17</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>MeV</mi></mrow></math> emitted from excited nuclei and quickly decays into a pair of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>e</mi><mo>+</mo></msup><msup><mi>e</mi><mo>−</mo></msup></math>. In order to search for the new particle, we propose a new approach that utilizes the ongoing coherent CAPTAIN-Mills (CCM) ten-ton LAr (liquid argon) detectors. The neutrons from the Lujan target can scatter inelastically, but the PMT glass in the CCM detector can produce the new boson which solves the ATOMKI anomaly. The new boson can be detected from its decay to a <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>e</mi><mo>+</mo></msup><msup><mi>e</mi><mo>−</mo></msup></math> pair. We find that CCM probes a large area of the anomaly-allowable parameter space. We also show the prediction for a 100-ton LAr detector and five-ton EOS water detector.

Bhaskar Dutta

Bai-Shan Hu

Wei-Chih Huang

Richard G. Van de Water

Novel Approach to Investigate ATOMKI Anomaly Using Coherent CAPTAIN-Mills Detectors

We prove the Penrose-Wall singularity theorem in the full semiclassical gravity regime, significantly expanding its range of validity. To accomplish this, we modify the definition of quantum-trapped surfaces without affecting their genericity. Our theorem excludes controlled “bounces” in the interior of a black hole and in a large class of cosmologies.

Raphael Bousso

Robust Singularity Theorem

We calculate the spatial Wilson line correlator for <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mn>2</mn><mo>+</mo><mn>1</mn></math> flavor QCD using highly improved staggered quark discretization for fermions and in quenched QCD for a wide range of temperatures, from the chiral crossover temperature <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>T</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>pc</mi></mrow></msub><mo>≃</mo><mn>156</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>MeV</mi></mrow></math> or the deconfinement temperature <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mo>≃</mo><mn>300</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>MeV</mi></math>, respectively, up to 2 GeV. Extracting the spatial string tension for different lattice cutoffs and by performing a continuum extrapolation of this observable, we show that the soft (magnetic) gluons interact nonperturbatively even at temperatures <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mo>≳</mo><mn>1</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>GeV</mi></math>. We provide incriminating evidences to demonstrate that dimensionally reduced effective theories can describe these soft quark and gluon quasi-particles for both quenched and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mn>2</mn><mo>+</mo><mn>1</mn></math> flavor QCD, at temperatures <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mi>T</mi><mo>≳</mo><mn>5</mn><msub><mrow><mi>T</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>pc</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math>. We also show for the first time the imprints of the nonperturbative pseudopotential in the properties of mesonic screening masses for temperatures ranging from 0.8 to 164 GeV in the quark-gluon plasma.

Germany

Dibyendu Bala

Olaf Kaczmarek

Peter Petreczky

India

Sayantan Sharma

Swagatam Tah

Spatial String Tension and Its Effects on Screening Correlators in a Thermal QCD Plasma

We propose a method to perform an exact calculation of one-loop quantum corrections to black hole entropy in terms of Virasoro semiclassical blocks. We analyze in detail a four-dimensional Kerr black hole and show that in the near-extremal limit a branch of long-lived modes arises. We prove that the contribution of these modes accounts for a <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>s</mi><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>/</mo><mn>2</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mi>log</mi><msub><mrow><mi>T</mi></mrow><mrow><mtext>Hawking</mtext></mrow></msub></mrow></math> correction to the entropy for massless particles of spin <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>s</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn></math>, 2. We show that in the full calculation performed in the exact Kerr background the leading contribution actually is sourced by the near-horizon region only, and as such has a universal validity for any asymptotic behavior at infinity.

Paolo Arnaudo

Italy

Giulio Bonelli

Alessandro Tanzini

One-Loop Corrections to Near-Extremal Kerr Thermodynamics from Semiclassical Virasoro Blocks

Higher-point functions in <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi mathvariant="script">N</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>4</mn></math> super Yang-Mills theory can be constructed using integrability by triangulating the surfaces on which Feynman graphs would be drawn. It remains hard to analytically compute the necessary regluing of the tiles by virtual particles. We propose a new approach to study a series of residues encountered in the two-particle gluing of the planar one-loop five-point function of stress tensor multiplets. After exposing the twisted period nature of the integral functions, we employ intersection theory to derive canonical differential equations and present a solution.

Giulio Crisanti

Burkhard Eden

Maximilian Gottwald

Pierpaolo Mastrolia

Tobias Scherdin

Gluing via Intersection Theory

A loosely bound hadronic molecule produced by a relativistic heavy-ion collision has been described as a “snowball in hell” since it emerges from a hadron resonance gas whose temperature is orders of magnitude larger than the binding energy of the molecule. This remarkable phenomenon can be explained in terms of a novel thermodynamic variable called the “contact” that is conjugate to the binding momentum of the molecule. The production rate of the molecule can be expressed in terms of the contact density at the kinetic freeze-out of the hadron resonance gas. It approaches a nonzero limit as the binding energy goes to 0.

Eric Braaten

Kevin Ingles

Justin Pickett

Explaining Snowball-in-Hell Phenomena in Heavy-Ion Collisions Using a Novel Thermodynamic Variable

We introduce the complex Liouville string, a solvable string theory defined by coupling two Liouville theories with complex conjugate central charges <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mi>c</mi><mo>∈</mo><mn>13</mn><mo>+</mo><mi>i</mi><mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi></mrow></math> on the world sheet. We compute its amplitudes from first principles and establish a duality with a double-scaled two-matrix integral. We also analyze general world sheet boundaries and nonperturbative effects in the genus expansion. By expressing the complex Liouville string as a 2D dilaton gravity theory with a sine potential, we show that it admits both <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>AdS</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>dS</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></math> vacua.