Quantum Haplodynamics, Dark Matter, and Dark Energy
Joan Solà (Institute for Advanced Study, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, High Energy Physics Group, Department of ECM and Institut de Ciències del Cosmos, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal 647, Catalonia, 08028 Barcelona, Spain); Harald Fritzsch (Institute for Advanced Study, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, Physik-Department, Universität München, 80333 Munich, Germany)
In quantum haplodynamics (QHD) the weak bosons, quarks, and leptons are bound states of fundamental constituents, denoted as haplons. The confinement scale of the associated gauge group is of the order of TeV. One scalar state has zero haplon number and is the resonance observed at the LHC. In addition, there exist new bound states of haplons with no counterpart in the SM, having a mass of the order of 0.5 TeV up to a few TeV. In particular, a neutral scalar state with haplon number 4 is stable and can provide the dark matter in the universe. The QHD, QCD, and QED couplings can unify at the Planck scale. If this scale changes slowly with cosmic time, all of the fundamental couplings, the masses of the nucleons and of the DM particles, including the cosmological term (or vacuum energy density), will evolve with time. This could explain the dark energy of the universe.
