We report the first results of a light weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) search from the CDEX-10 experiment with a 10 kg germanium detector array immersed in liquid nitrogen at the China Jinping Underground Laboratory with a physics data size of 102.8 kg day. At an analysis threshold of 160 eVee, improved limits of $8\times {10}^{-42}$ and $3\times {10}^{-36}{\mathrm{cm}}^2$ at a 90% confidence level on spin-independent and spin-dependent WIMP-nucleon cross sections, respectively, at a WIMP mass ($m_{\chi }$) of $5\mathrm{GeV}/c^2$ are achieved. The lower reach of $m_{\chi }$ is extended to $2\mathrm{GeV}/c^2$.