The IceCube Collaboration has observed a high-energy astrophysical neutrino flux and recently found evidence for neutrino emission from the blazar TXS 0506$$+$$ 056. These results open a new window into the high-energy universe. However, the source or sources of most of the observed flux of astrophysical neutrinos remains uncertain. Here, a search for steady point-like neutrino sources is performed using an unbinned likelihood analysis. The method searches for a spatial accumulation of muon-neutrino events using the very high-statistics sample of about 497,000 neutrinos recorded by IceCube between 2009 and 2017. The median angular resolution is $$\sim 1^\circ $$ at 1 TeV and improves to $$\sim 0.3^\circ $$ for neutrinos with an energy of 1 PeV. Compared to previous analyses, this search is optimized for point-like neutrino emission with the same flux-characteristics as the observed astrophysical muon-neutrino flux and introduces an improved event-reconstruction and parametrization of the background. The result is an improvement in sensitivity to the muon-neutrino flux compared to the previous analysis of $$\sim 35\%$$ assuming an $$E^{-2}$$ spectrum. The sensitivity on the muon-neutrino flux is at a level of $$E^2 \mathrm {d} N /\mathrm {d} E = 3\cdot 10^{-13}\,\mathrm {TeV}\,\mathrm {cm}^{-2}\,\mathrm {s}^{-1}$$ . No new evidence for neutrino sources is found in a full sky scan and in an a priori candidate source list that is motivated by gamma-ray observations. Furthermore, no significant excesses above background are found from populations of sub-threshold sources. The implications of the non-observation for potential source classes are discussed.
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{
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{
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{
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{
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],
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{
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{
"country": "Australia",
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{
"affiliations": [
{
"country": "Germany",
"value": "III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, 52056, Germany",
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],
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"given_names": "M.",
"full_name": "Wallraff, M."
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{
"affiliations": [
{
"country": "Canada",
"value": "Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E1, Canada",
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],
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"given_names": "F.",
"full_name": "Wandler, F."
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{
"affiliations": [
{
"country": "USA",
"value": "Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA",
"organization": "University of Wisconsin"
}
],
"surname": "Wandkowsky",
"given_names": "N.",
"full_name": "Wandkowsky, N."
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{
"affiliations": [
{
"country": "USA",
"value": "Department of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA",
"organization": "University of Texas at Arlington"
}
],
"surname": "Watson",
"given_names": "T.",
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{
"affiliations": [
{
"country": "Canada",
"value": "Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E1, Canada",
"organization": "University of Alberta"
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],
"surname": "Weaver",
"given_names": "C.",
"full_name": "Weaver, C."
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{
"affiliations": [
{
"country": "USA",
"value": "Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA",
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],
"surname": "Weiss",
"given_names": "M.",
"full_name": "Weiss, M."
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{
"affiliations": [
{
"country": "USA",
"value": "Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA",
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"surname": "Wendt",
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"full_name": "Wendt, C."
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{
"affiliations": [
{
"country": "USA",
"value": "Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA",
"organization": "University of Wisconsin"
}
],
"surname": "Werthebach",
"given_names": "J.",
"full_name": "Werthebach, J."
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{
"affiliations": [
{
"country": "USA",
"value": "Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA",
"organization": "University of Wisconsin"
}
],
"surname": "Westerhoff",
"given_names": "S.",
"full_name": "Westerhoff, S."
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{
"affiliations": [
{
"country": "Australia",
"value": "Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, Australia",
"organization": "University of Adelaide"
}
],
"surname": "Whelan",
"given_names": "B.",
"full_name": "Whelan, B."
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{
"affiliations": [
{
"country": "USA",
"value": "Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA",
"organization": "UCLA"
}
],
"surname": "Whitehorn",
"given_names": "N.",
"full_name": "Whitehorn, N."
},
{
"affiliations": [
{
"country": "Germany",
"value": "Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, Mainz, 55099, Germany",
"organization": "University of Mainz"
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"surname": "Wiebe",
"given_names": "K.",
"full_name": "Wiebe, K."
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{
"affiliations": [
{
"country": "Germany",
"value": "III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, 52056, Germany",
"organization": "RWTH Aachen University"
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],
"surname": "Wiebusch",
"given_names": "C.",
"full_name": "Wiebusch, C."
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{
"affiliations": [
{
"country": "USA",
"value": "Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA",
"organization": "University of Wisconsin"
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],
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"given_names": "L.",
"full_name": "Wille, L."
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{
"affiliations": [
{
"country": "USA",
"value": "Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA",
"organization": "University of Alabama"
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],
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"given_names": "D.",
"full_name": "Williams, D."
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{
"affiliations": [
{
"country": "USA",
"value": "Department of Physics, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA",
"organization": "Drexel University"
}
],
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"given_names": "L.",
"full_name": "Wills, L."
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{
"affiliations": [
{
"country": "Germany",
"value": "Physik-Department, Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Garching, 85748, Germany",
"organization": "Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen"
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"full_name": "Wolf, M."
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{
"affiliations": [
{
"country": "USA",
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],
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"given_names": "J.",
"full_name": "Wood, J."
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{
"affiliations": [
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"country": "Canada",
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"full_name": "Wood, T."
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{
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"country": "Canada",
"value": "Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E1, Canada",
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"affiliations": [
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"country": "USA",
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"given_names": "K.",
"full_name": "Woschnagg, K."
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"affiliations": [
{
"country": "Germany",
"value": "Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, Erlangen, 91058, Germany",
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"surname": "Xu",
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"full_name": "Xu, Y."
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"country": "Canada",
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"full_name": "Yanez, J."
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"country": "USA",
"value": "Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA",
"organization": "University of California"
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"full_name": "Yodh, G."
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"affiliations": [
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"country": "Japan",
"value": "Department of Physics and Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan",
"organization": "Chiba University"
}
],
"surname": "Yoshida",
"given_names": "S.",
"full_name": "Yoshida, S."
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{
"affiliations": [
{
"country": "USA",
"value": "Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA",
"organization": "University of Wisconsin"
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"surname": "Yuan",
"given_names": "T.",
"full_name": "Yuan, T."
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],
"titles": [
{
"source": "Springer",
"title": "Search for steady point-like sources in the astrophysical muon neutrino flux with 8 years of IceCube data"
}
],
"dois": [
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"value": "10.1140/epjc/s10052-019-6680-0"
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"page_end": "19",
"journal_title": "European Physical Journal C",
"material": "article",
"journal_volume": "79",
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"year": 2019,
"page_start": "1",
"journal_issue": "3"
}
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19
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"url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses//by/4.0",
"license": "CC-BY-4.0"
}
],
"copyright": [
{
"holder": "The Author(s)",
"year": "2019"
}
],
"control_number": "46102",
"collaborations": [
{
"value": "IceCube Collaboration"
}
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"hep-ph",
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],
"abstracts": [
{
"source": "Springer",
"value": "The IceCube Collaboration has observed a high-energy astrophysical neutrino flux and recently found evidence for neutrino emission from the blazar TXS 0506$$+$$ <math><mo>+</mo></math> 056. These results open a new window into the high-energy universe. However, the source or sources of most of the observed flux of astrophysical neutrinos remains uncertain. Here, a search for steady point-like neutrino sources is performed using an unbinned likelihood analysis. The method searches for a spatial accumulation of muon-neutrino events using the very high-statistics sample of about 497,000 neutrinos recorded by IceCube between 2009 and 2017. The median angular resolution is $$\\sim 1^\\circ $$ <math><mrow><mo>\u223c</mo><msup><mn>1</mn><mo>\u2218</mo></msup></mrow></math> at 1 TeV and improves to $$\\sim 0.3^\\circ $$ <math><mrow><mo>\u223c</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><msup><mn>3</mn><mo>\u2218</mo></msup></mrow></math> for neutrinos with an energy of 1 PeV. Compared to previous analyses, this search is optimized for point-like neutrino emission with the same flux-characteristics as the observed astrophysical muon-neutrino flux and introduces an improved event-reconstruction and parametrization of the background. The result is an improvement in sensitivity to the muon-neutrino flux compared to the previous analysis of $$\\sim 35\\%$$ <math><mrow><mo>\u223c</mo><mn>35</mn><mo>%</mo></mrow></math> assuming an $$E^{-2}$$ <math><msup><mi>E</mi><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math> spectrum. The sensitivity on the muon-neutrino flux is at a level of $$E^2 \\mathrm {d} N /\\mathrm {d} E = 3\\cdot 10^{-13}\\,\\mathrm {TeV}\\,\\mathrm {cm}^{-2}\\,\\mathrm {s}^{-1}$$ <math><mrow><msup><mi>E</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mi>d</mi><mi>N</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>d</mi><mi>E</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>\u00b7</mo><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>13</mn></mrow></msup><mspace width=\"0.166667em\"></mspace><mi>TeV</mi><mspace width=\"0.166667em\"></mspace><msup><mrow><mi>cm</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup><mspace width=\"0.166667em\"></mspace><msup><mrow><mi>s</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math> . No new evidence for neutrino sources is found in a full sky scan and in an a priori candidate source list that is motivated by gamma-ray observations. Furthermore, no significant excesses above background are found from populations of sub-threshold sources. The implications of the non-observation for potential source classes are discussed."
}
],
"imprints": [
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"date": "2019-03-13",
"publisher": "Springer"
}
]
}