Three fermion generations with two unbroken gauge symmetries from the complex sedenions

Adam Gillard (Department of Mathematical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, 111 Ren’ai Road, Suzhou HET, Jiangsu, 215123, China) ; Niels Gresnigt (Department of Mathematical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, 111 Ren’ai Road, Suzhou HET, Jiangsu, 215123, China)

We show that three generations of leptons and quarks with unbroken Standard Model gauge symmetry $$SU(3)_c\times U(1)_{em}$$ SU(3)c×U(1)em can be described using the algebra of complexified sedenions $${\mathbb {C}}\otimes {\mathbb {S}}$$ CS . A primitive idempotent is constructed by selecting a special direction, and the action of this projector on the basis of $${\mathbb {C}}\otimes {\mathbb {S}}$$ CS can be used to uniquely split the algebra into three complex octonion subalgebras $${\mathbb {C}}\otimes {\mathbb {O}}$$ CO . These subalgebras all share a common quaternionic subalgebra. The left adjoint actions of the 8 $${\mathbb {C}}$$ C -dimensional $${\mathbb {C}}\otimes {\mathbb {O}}$$ CO subalgebras on themselves generates three copies of the Clifford algebra $${\mathbb {C}}\ell (6)$$ C(6) . It was previously shown that the minimal left ideals of $${\mathbb {C}}\ell (6)$$ C(6) describe a single generation of fermions with unbroken $$SU(3)_c\times U(1)_{em}$$ SU(3)c×U(1)em gauge symmetry. Extending this construction from $${\mathbb {C}}\otimes {\mathbb {O}}$$ CO to $${\mathbb {C}}\otimes {\mathbb {S}}$$ CS naturally leads to a description of exactly three generations.

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      "value": "We show that three generations of leptons and quarks with unbroken Standard Model gauge symmetry $$SU(3)_c\\times U(1)_{em}$$ <math><mrow><mi>S</mi><mi>U</mi><msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow><mi>c</mi></msub><mo>\u00d7</mo><mi>U</mi><msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow><mrow><mi>em</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math>  can be described using the algebra of complexified sedenions $${\\mathbb {C}}\\otimes {\\mathbb {S}}$$ <math><mrow><mi>C</mi><mo>\u2297</mo><mi>S</mi></mrow></math> . A primitive idempotent is constructed by selecting a special direction, and the action of this projector on the basis of $${\\mathbb {C}}\\otimes {\\mathbb {S}}$$ <math><mrow><mi>C</mi><mo>\u2297</mo><mi>S</mi></mrow></math>  can be used to uniquely split the algebra into three complex octonion subalgebras $${\\mathbb {C}}\\otimes {\\mathbb {O}}$$ <math><mrow><mi>C</mi><mo>\u2297</mo><mi>O</mi></mrow></math> . These subalgebras all share a common quaternionic subalgebra. The left adjoint actions of the 8 $${\\mathbb {C}}$$ <math><mi>C</mi></math> -dimensional $${\\mathbb {C}}\\otimes {\\mathbb {O}}$$ <math><mrow><mi>C</mi><mo>\u2297</mo><mi>O</mi></mrow></math>  subalgebras on themselves generates three copies of the Clifford algebra $${\\mathbb {C}}\\ell (6)$$ <math><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>\u2113</mi><mo>(</mo><mn>6</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></math> . It was previously shown that the minimal left ideals of $${\\mathbb {C}}\\ell (6)$$ <math><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>\u2113</mi><mo>(</mo><mn>6</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></math>  describe a single generation of fermions with unbroken $$SU(3)_c\\times U(1)_{em}$$ <math><mrow><mi>S</mi><mi>U</mi><msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow><mi>c</mi></msub><mo>\u00d7</mo><mi>U</mi><msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow><mrow><mi>em</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math>  gauge symmetry. Extending this construction from $${\\mathbb {C}}\\otimes {\\mathbb {O}}$$ <math><mrow><mi>C</mi><mo>\u2297</mo><mi>O</mi></mrow></math>  to $${\\mathbb {C}}\\otimes {\\mathbb {S}}$$ <math><mrow><mi>C</mi><mo>\u2297</mo><mi>S</mi></mrow></math>  naturally leads to a description of exactly three generations."
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Published on:
27 May 2019
Publisher:
Springer
Published in:
European Physical Journal C , Volume 79 (2019)
Issue 5
Pages 1-11
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-019-6967-1
Copyrights:
The Author(s)
Licence:
CC-BY-4.0

Fulltext files: