We show that three generations of leptons and quarks with unbroken Standard Model gauge symmetry $$SU(3)_c\times U(1)_{em}$$ can be described using the algebra of complexified sedenions $${\mathbb {C}}\otimes {\mathbb {S}}$$ . A primitive idempotent is constructed by selecting a special direction, and the action of this projector on the basis of $${\mathbb {C}}\otimes {\mathbb {S}}$$ can be used to uniquely split the algebra into three complex octonion subalgebras $${\mathbb {C}}\otimes {\mathbb {O}}$$ . These subalgebras all share a common quaternionic subalgebra. The left adjoint actions of the 8 $${\mathbb {C}}$$ -dimensional $${\mathbb {C}}\otimes {\mathbb {O}}$$ subalgebras on themselves generates three copies of the Clifford algebra $${\mathbb {C}}\ell (6)$$ . It was previously shown that the minimal left ideals of $${\mathbb {C}}\ell (6)$$ describe a single generation of fermions with unbroken $$SU(3)_c\times U(1)_{em}$$ gauge symmetry. Extending this construction from $${\mathbb {C}}\otimes {\mathbb {O}}$$ to $${\mathbb {C}}\otimes {\mathbb {S}}$$ naturally leads to a description of exactly three generations.
{ "_oai": { "updated": "2019-06-10T00:54:17Z", "id": "oai:repo.scoap3.org:47531", "sets": [ "EPJC" ] }, "authors": [ { "affiliations": [ { "country": "China", "value": "Department of Mathematical Sciences, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, 111 Ren\u2019ai Road, Suzhou HET, Jiangsu, 215123, China", "organization": "Xi\u2019an Jiaotong-Liverpool University" } ], "surname": "Gillard", "given_names": "Adam", "full_name": "Gillard, Adam" }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "China", "value": "Department of Mathematical Sciences, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, 111 Ren\u2019ai Road, Suzhou HET, Jiangsu, 215123, China", "organization": "Xi\u2019an Jiaotong-Liverpool University" } ], "surname": "Gresnigt", "email": "niels.gresnigt@xjtlu.edu.cn", "full_name": "Gresnigt, Niels", "given_names": "Niels" } ], "titles": [ { "source": "Springer", "title": "Three fermion generations with two unbroken gauge symmetries from the complex sedenions" } ], "dois": [ { "value": "10.1140/epjc/s10052-019-6967-1" } ], "publication_info": [ { "page_end": "11", "journal_title": "European Physical Journal C", "material": "article", "journal_volume": "79", "artid": "s10052-019-6967-1", "year": 2019, "page_start": "1", "journal_issue": "5" } ], "$schema": "http://repo.scoap3.org/schemas/hep.json", "acquisition_source": { "date": "2019-06-10T02:39:47.008054", "source": "Springer", "method": "Springer", "submission_number": "e19961dc8b1611e9a46302163e01809a" }, "page_nr": [ 11 ], "license": [ { "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses//by/4.0", "license": "CC-BY-4.0" } ], "copyright": [ { "holder": "The Author(s)", "year": "2019" } ], "control_number": "47531", "record_creation_date": "2019-05-27T20:30:19.341856", "_files": [ { "checksum": "md5:4d9a476b15959c8fe82e5714d461e3c1", "filetype": "xml", "bucket": "c7e7eb56-b7b9-48cc-9645-482a53e135c9", "version_id": "ee624266-f949-48f4-9f97-599fe6a8f778", "key": "10.1140/epjc/s10052-019-6967-1.xml", "size": 18901 }, { "checksum": "md5:485ebe16a3edfc61e2c1ff44e816b950", "filetype": "pdf/a", "bucket": "c7e7eb56-b7b9-48cc-9645-482a53e135c9", "version_id": "569b198c-a760-4caa-aed2-332f67c9f7b5", "key": "10.1140/epjc/s10052-019-6967-1_a.pdf", "size": 904146 } ], "collections": [ { "primary": "European Physical Journal C" } ], "abstracts": [ { "source": "Springer", "value": "We show that three generations of leptons and quarks with unbroken Standard Model gauge symmetry $$SU(3)_c\\times U(1)_{em}$$ <math><mrow><mi>S</mi><mi>U</mi><msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow><mi>c</mi></msub><mo>\u00d7</mo><mi>U</mi><msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow><mrow><mi>em</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math> can be described using the algebra of complexified sedenions $${\\mathbb {C}}\\otimes {\\mathbb {S}}$$ <math><mrow><mi>C</mi><mo>\u2297</mo><mi>S</mi></mrow></math> . A primitive idempotent is constructed by selecting a special direction, and the action of this projector on the basis of $${\\mathbb {C}}\\otimes {\\mathbb {S}}$$ <math><mrow><mi>C</mi><mo>\u2297</mo><mi>S</mi></mrow></math> can be used to uniquely split the algebra into three complex octonion subalgebras $${\\mathbb {C}}\\otimes {\\mathbb {O}}$$ <math><mrow><mi>C</mi><mo>\u2297</mo><mi>O</mi></mrow></math> . These subalgebras all share a common quaternionic subalgebra. The left adjoint actions of the 8 $${\\mathbb {C}}$$ <math><mi>C</mi></math> -dimensional $${\\mathbb {C}}\\otimes {\\mathbb {O}}$$ <math><mrow><mi>C</mi><mo>\u2297</mo><mi>O</mi></mrow></math> subalgebras on themselves generates three copies of the Clifford algebra $${\\mathbb {C}}\\ell (6)$$ <math><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>\u2113</mi><mo>(</mo><mn>6</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></math> . It was previously shown that the minimal left ideals of $${\\mathbb {C}}\\ell (6)$$ <math><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>\u2113</mi><mo>(</mo><mn>6</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></math> describe a single generation of fermions with unbroken $$SU(3)_c\\times U(1)_{em}$$ <math><mrow><mi>S</mi><mi>U</mi><msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow><mi>c</mi></msub><mo>\u00d7</mo><mi>U</mi><msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow><mrow><mi>em</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math> gauge symmetry. Extending this construction from $${\\mathbb {C}}\\otimes {\\mathbb {O}}$$ <math><mrow><mi>C</mi><mo>\u2297</mo><mi>O</mi></mrow></math> to $${\\mathbb {C}}\\otimes {\\mathbb {S}}$$ <math><mrow><mi>C</mi><mo>\u2297</mo><mi>S</mi></mrow></math> naturally leads to a description of exactly three generations." } ], "imprints": [ { "date": "2019-05-27", "publisher": "Springer" } ] }