Stellar probes of dark sector-photon interactions

Xiaoyong Chu (Institute of High Energy Physics, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Nikolsdorfergasse 18, 1050 Vienna, Austria) ; Jui-Lin Kuo (Institute of High Energy Physics, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Nikolsdorfergasse 18, 1050 Vienna, Austria) ; Josef Pradler (Institute of High Energy Physics, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Nikolsdorfergasse 18, 1050 Vienna, Austria) ; Lukas Semmelrock (Institute of High Energy Physics, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Nikolsdorfergasse 18, 1050 Vienna, Austria)

Electromagnetically neutral dark sector particles may directly couple to the photon through higher dimensional effective operators. Considering the electric and magnetic dipole moment, anapole moment, and charge radius interactions, we derive constraints from the stellar energy loss in the Sun, horizontal branch and red giant stars, as well as from cooling of the proto-neutron star of SN1987A. We provide the exact formula for in-medium photon-mediated pair production to leading order in the dark coupling and compute the energy loss rates explicitly for the most important processes, including a careful discussion on resonances and potential double counting between the processes. Stringent limits for dark states with masses below 3 keV (40 MeV) arise from red giant stars (SN1987A), implying an effective lower mass-scale of approximately 109 GeV (107 GeV) for mass-dimension five and 100 GeV (2.5 TeV) for mass-dimension six operators as long as dark states stream freely; for the proto-neutron star, the trapping of dark states is also evaluated. Together with direct limits previously derived by us in Chu et al. (2018), this provides the first comprehensive overview of the viability of effective electromagnetic dark-state interactions below the GeV mass-scale.

{
  "_oai": {
    "updated": "2021-08-28T22:27:42Z", 
    "id": "oai:repo.scoap3.org:50079", 
    "sets": [
      "PRD"
    ]
  }, 
  "authors": [
    {
      "raw_name": "Xiaoyong Chu", 
      "affiliations": [
        {
          "country": "Austria", 
          "value": "Institute of High Energy Physics, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Nikolsdorfergasse 18, 1050 Vienna, Austria"
        }
      ], 
      "surname": "Chu", 
      "given_names": "Xiaoyong", 
      "full_name": "Chu, Xiaoyong"
    }, 
    {
      "raw_name": "Jui-Lin Kuo", 
      "affiliations": [
        {
          "country": "Austria", 
          "value": "Institute of High Energy Physics, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Nikolsdorfergasse 18, 1050 Vienna, Austria"
        }
      ], 
      "surname": "Kuo", 
      "given_names": "Jui-Lin", 
      "full_name": "Kuo, Jui-Lin"
    }, 
    {
      "raw_name": "Josef Pradler", 
      "affiliations": [
        {
          "country": "Austria", 
          "value": "Institute of High Energy Physics, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Nikolsdorfergasse 18, 1050 Vienna, Austria"
        }
      ], 
      "surname": "Pradler", 
      "given_names": "Josef", 
      "full_name": "Pradler, Josef"
    }, 
    {
      "raw_name": "Lukas Semmelrock", 
      "affiliations": [
        {
          "country": "Austria", 
          "value": "Institute of High Energy Physics, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Nikolsdorfergasse 18, 1050 Vienna, Austria"
        }
      ], 
      "surname": "Semmelrock", 
      "given_names": "Lukas", 
      "full_name": "Semmelrock, Lukas"
    }
  ], 
  "titles": [
    {
      "source": "APS", 
      "title": "Stellar probes of dark sector-photon interactions"
    }
  ], 
  "dois": [
    {
      "value": "10.1103/PhysRevD.100.083002"
    }
  ], 
  "publication_info": [
    {
      "journal_volume": "100", 
      "journal_title": "Physical Review D", 
      "material": "article", 
      "journal_issue": "8", 
      "year": 2019
    }
  ], 
  "$schema": "http://repo.scoap3.org/schemas/hep.json", 
  "acquisition_source": {
    "date": "2021-08-25T10:38:51.397462", 
    "source": "APS", 
    "method": "APS", 
    "submission_number": "810b323c058f11ecb53772fd3742099d"
  }, 
  "page_nr": [
    21
  ], 
  "license": [
    {
      "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", 
      "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
    }
  ], 
  "copyright": [
    {
      "statement": "Published by the American Physical Society", 
      "year": "2019"
    }
  ], 
  "control_number": "50079", 
  "record_creation_date": "2019-10-03T18:30:05.268527", 
  "_files": [
    {
      "checksum": "md5:b364a8e1a457dd56fabf074480e40eb5", 
      "filetype": "pdf", 
      "bucket": "2510b01c-52cd-4da4-952b-a81f4ee203fb", 
      "version_id": "0199ac55-d79f-4ee3-870f-228ced5d3734", 
      "key": "10.1103/PhysRevD.100.083002.pdf", 
      "size": 1151899
    }, 
    {
      "checksum": "md5:95f32301a496811274415cde5ce4d253", 
      "filetype": "xml", 
      "bucket": "2510b01c-52cd-4da4-952b-a81f4ee203fb", 
      "version_id": "b3a61172-e99f-48cb-8ecc-33b0577cdfb2", 
      "key": "10.1103/PhysRevD.100.083002.xml", 
      "size": 497418
    }
  ], 
  "collections": [
    {
      "primary": "HEP"
    }, 
    {
      "primary": "Citeable"
    }, 
    {
      "primary": "Published"
    }
  ], 
  "arxiv_eprints": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "hep-ph", 
        "astro-ph.HE"
      ], 
      "value": "1908.00553"
    }
  ], 
  "abstracts": [
    {
      "source": "APS", 
      "value": "Electromagnetically neutral dark sector particles may directly couple to the photon through higher dimensional effective operators. Considering the electric and magnetic dipole moment, anapole moment, and charge radius interactions, we derive constraints from the stellar energy loss in the Sun, horizontal branch and red giant stars, as well as from cooling of the proto-neutron star of SN1987A. We provide the exact formula for in-medium photon-mediated pair production to leading order in the dark coupling and compute the energy loss rates explicitly for the most important processes, including a careful discussion on resonances and potential double counting between the processes. Stringent limits for dark states with masses below 3 keV (40 MeV) arise from red giant stars (SN1987A), implying an effective lower mass-scale of approximately <math><mrow><mn>1</mn><msup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>9</mn></mrow></msup><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>GeV</mi></mrow></math> (<math><mrow><mn>1</mn><msup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>7</mn></mrow></msup><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>GeV</mi></mrow></math>) for mass-dimension five and 100 GeV (2.5 TeV) for mass-dimension six operators as long as dark states stream freely; for the proto-neutron star, the trapping of dark states is also evaluated. Together with direct limits previously derived by us in Chu et al. (2018), this provides the first comprehensive overview of the viability of effective electromagnetic dark-state interactions below the GeV mass-scale."
    }
  ], 
  "imprints": [
    {
      "date": "2019-10-03", 
      "publisher": "APS"
    }
  ]
}
Published on:
03 October 2019
Publisher:
APS
Published in:
Physical Review D , Volume 100 (2019)
Issue 8
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.100.083002
arXiv:
1908.00553
Copyrights:
Published by the American Physical Society
Licence:
CC-BY-4.0

Fulltext files: