Combined sensitivity to the neutrino mass ordering with JUNO, the IceCube Upgrade, and PINGU

Aartsen, M. G.; Ackermann, M.; Adams, J.; Aguilar, J. A.; Ahlers, M.; Ahrens, M.; Alispach, C.; Andeen, K.; Anderson, T.; Ansseau, I.; Anton, G.; Argüelles, C.; Arlen, T. C.; Auffenberg, J.; Axani, S.; Backes, P.; Bagherpour, H.; Bai, X.; Balagopal, A.; Barbano, A.; Bartos, I.; Barwick, S. W.; Bastian, B.; Baum, V.; Baur, S.; Bay, R.; Beatty, J. J.; Becker, K.H.; Becker Tjus, J.; BenZvi, S.; Berley, D.; Bernardini, E.; Besson, D. Z.; Binder, G.; Bindig, D.; Blaufuss, E.; Blot, S.; Bohm, C.; Bohmer, M.; Böser, S.; Botner, O.; Böttcher, J.; Bourbeau, E.; Bourbeau, J.; Bradascio, F.; Braun, J.; Bron, S.; Brostean-Kaiser, J.; Burgman, A.; Buscher, J.; Busse, R. S.; Carver, T.; Chen, C.; Cheung, E.; Chirkin, D.; Choi, S.; Clark, K.; Classen, L.; Coleman, A.; Collin, G. H.; Conrad, J. M.; Coppin, P.; Correa, P.; Cowen, D. F.; Cross, R.; Dave, P.; De Clercq, C.; DeLaunay, J. J.; Dembinski, H.; Deoskar, K.; De Ridder, S.; Desiati, P.; de Vries, K. D.; de Wasseige, G.; de With, M.; DeYoung, T.; Diaz, A.; Díaz-Vélez, J. C.; Dujmovic, H.; Dunkman, M.; DuVernois, M. A.; Dvorak, E.; Eberhardt, B.; Ehrhardt, T.; Eller, P.; Engel, R.; Evans, J. J.; Evenson, P. A.; Fahey, S.; Farrag, K.; Fazely, A. R.; Felde, J.; Filimonov, K.; Finley, C.; Fox, D.; Franckowiak, A.; Friedman, E.; Fritz, A.; Gaisser, T. K.; Gallagher, J.; Ganster, E.; Garrappa, S.; Gartner, A.; Gerhardt, L.; Gernhaeuser, R.; Ghorbani, K.; Glauch, T.; Glüsenkamp, T.; Goldschmidt, A.; Gonzalez, J. G.; Grant, D.; Griffith, Z.; Griswold, S.; Günder, M.; Gündüz, M.; Haack, C.; Hallgren, A.; Halliday, R.; Halve, L.; Halzen, F.; Hanson, K.; Haugen, J.; Haungs, A.; Hebecker, D.; Heereman, D.; Heix, P.; Helbing, K.; Hellauer, R.; Henningsen, F.; Hickford, S.; Hignight, J.; Hill, G. C.; Hoffman, K. D.; Hoffmann, B.; Hoffmann, R.; Hoinka, T.; Hokanson-Fasig, B.; Holzapfel, K.; Hoshina, K.; Huang, F.; Huber, M.; Huber, T.; Huege, T.; Hultqvist, K.; Hünnefeld, M.; Hussain, R.; In, S.; Iovine, N.; Ishihara, A.; Japaridze, G. S.; Jeong, M.; Jero, K.; Jones, B. J. P.; Jonske, F.; Joppe, R.; Kalekin, O.; Kang, D.; Kang, W.; Kappes, A.; Kappesser, D.; Karg, T.; Karl, M.; Karle, A.; Katori, T.; Katz, U.; Kauer, M.; Keivani, A.; Kelley, J. L.; Kheirandish, A.; Kim, J.; Kintscher, T.; Kiryluk, J.; Kittler, T.; Klein, S. R.; Koirala, R.; Kolanoski, H.; Köpke, L.; Kopper, C.; Kopper, S.; Koskinen, D. J.; Kowalski, M.; Krauss, C. B.; Krings, K.; Krückl, G.; Kulacz, N.; Kurahashi, N.; Kyriacou, A.; Lanfranchi, J. L.; Larson, M. J.; Lauber, F.; Lazar, J. P.; Leonard, K.; Leszczyńska, A.; Leuermann, M.; Liu, Q. R.; Lohfink, E.; LoSecco, J.; Lozano Mariscal, C. J.; Lu, L.; Lucarelli, F.; Lünemann, J.; Luszczak, W.; Lyu, Y.; Ma, W. Y.; Madsen, J.; Maggi, G.; Mahn, K. B. M.; Makino, Y.; Mallik, P.; Mallot, K.; Mancina, S.; Mandalia, S.; Mariş, I. C.; Marka, S.; Marka, Z.; Maruyama, R.; Mase, K.; Maunu, R.; McNally, F.; Meagher, K.; Medici, M.; Medina, A.; Meier, M.; Meighen-Berger, S.; Merino, G.; Meures, T.; Micallef, J.; Mockler, D.; Momenté, G.; Montaruli, T.; Moore, R. W.; Morse, R.; Moulai, M.; Muth, P.; Nagai, R.; Naumann, U.; Neer, G.; Niederhausen, H.; Nisa, M. U.; Nowicki, S. C.; Nygren, D. R.; Obertacke Pollmann, A.; Oehler, M.; Olivas, A.; O’Murchadha, A.; O’Sullivan, E.; Palczewski, T.; Pandya, H.; Pankova, D. V.; Papp, L.; Park, N.; Peiffer, P.; Pérez de los Heros, C.; Petersen, T. C.; Philippen, S.; Pieloth, D.; Pinat, E.; Pinfold, J. L.; Pizzuto, A.; Plum, M.; Porcelli, A.; Price, P. B.; Przybylski, G. T.; Raab, C.; Raissi, A.; Rameez, M.; Rauch, L.; Rawlins, K.; Rea, I. C.; Reimann, R.; Relethford, B.; Renschler, M.; Renzi, G.; Resconi, E.; Rhode, W.; Richman, M.; Riegel, M.; Robertson, S.; Rongen, M.; Rott, C.; Ruhe, T.; Ryckbosch, D.; Rysewyk, D.; Safa, I.; Sanchez Herrera, S. E.; Sandrock, A.; Sandroos, J.; Sandstrom, P.; Santander, M.; Sarkar, S.; Sarkar, S.; Satalecka, K.; Schaufel, M.; Schieler, H.; Schlunder, P.; Schmidt, T.; Schneider, A.; Schneider, J.; Schröder, F. G.; Schumacher, L.; Sclafani, S.; Seckel, D.; Seunarine, S.; Shaevitz, M. H.; Shefali, S.; Silva, M.; Snihur, R.; Soedingrekso, J.; Soldin, D.; Söldner-Rembold, S.; Song, M.; Spiczak, G. M.; Spiering, C.; Stachurska, J.; Stamatikos, M.; Stanev, T.; Stein, R.; Stettner, J.; Steuer, A.; Stezelberger, T.; Stokstad, R. G.; Stößl, A.; Strotjohann, N. L.; Stürwald, T.; Stuttard, T.; Sullivan, G. W.; Taboada, I.; Taketa, A.; Tanaka, H. K. M.; Tenholt, F.; Ter-Antonyan, S.; Terliuk, A.; Tilav, S.; Tollefson, K.; Tomankova, L.; Tönnis, C.; Toscano, S.; Tosi, D.; Trettin, A.; Tselengidou, M.; Tung, C. F.; Turcati, A.; Turcotte, R.; Turley, C. F.; Ty, B.; Unger, E.; Unland Elorrieta, M. A.; Usner, M.; Vandenbroucke, J.; Van Driessche, W.; van Eijk, D.; van Eijndhoven, N.; van Santen, J.; Veberic, D.; Verpoest, S.; Vraeghe, M.; Walck, C.; Wallace, A.; Wallraff, M.; Wandkowsky, N.; Watson, T. B.; Weaver, C.; Weindl, A.; Weiss, M. J.; Weldert, J.; Wendt, C.; Werthebach, J.; Whelan, B. J.; Whitehorn, N.; Wiebe, K.; Wiebusch, C. H.; Wille, L.; Williams, D. R.; Wills, L.; Wolf, M.; Wood, J.; Wood, T. R.; Woschnagg, K.; Wrede, G.; Wren, S.; Xu, D. L.; Xu, X. W.; Xu, Y.; Yanez, J. P.; Yodh, G.; Yoshida, S.; Yuan, T.; Zöcklein, M.; Bezerra, T. J. C.; Birkenfeld, T.; Blum, D.; Bongrand, M.; Cabrera, A.; Cheng, Y. P.; Depnering, W.; Dötterl, O.; Enqvist, T.; Enzmann, H.; Genster, C.; Grassi, M.; Göttel, A. S.; Hackspacher, P.; Hagner, C.; Han, Y.; Heinz, T.; Kampmann, P.; Kuusiniemi, P.; Lachenmaier, T.; Loo, K.; Lorenz, S.; Lubsandorzhiev, B.; Ludhova, L.; Malyshkin, Y.; Meyhöfer, D.; Miramonti, L.; Müller, A.; Oberauer, L. J. N.; Pilarczyk, O.; Rebber, H.; Sawatzki, J.; Schever, M.; Schweizer, K.; Settimo, M.; Sirignano, C.; Smirnov, M.; Stahl, A.; Steiger, H. T. J.; Steinmann, J.; Sterr, T.; Stock, M. R.; Studenikin, A.; Tietzsch, A.; Trzaska, W. H.; Viaud, B.; Volpe, C.; Wang, W.; Wonsak, B. S.; Wurm, M.; Wysotzki, C.; Xu, Y.; Ding, X.; Yermia, F.
doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.101.032006
Combined sensitivity to the neutrino mass ordering with JUNO, the IceCube Upgrade, and PINGU

M. G. Aartsen (Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand) ; M. Ackermann (DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany) ; J. Adams (Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand) ; J. A. Aguilar (Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium) ; M. Ahlers (Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark) ; et al. - Show all 442 authors
The ordering of the neutrino mass eigenstates is one of the fundamental open questions in neutrino physics. While current-generation neutrino oscillation experiments are able to produce moderate indications on this ordering, upcoming experiments of the next generation aim to provide conclusive evidence. In this paper we study the combined performance of the two future multi-purpose neutrino oscillation experiments JUNO and the IceCube Upgrade, which employ two very distinct and complementary routes toward the neutrino mass ordering. The approach pursued by the 20 kt medium-baseline reactor neutrino experiment JUNO consists of a careful investigation of the energy spectrum of oscillated ${\bar{ν}}_{e}$ produced by ten nuclear reactor cores. The IceCube Upgrade, on the other hand, which consists of seven additional densely instrumented strings deployed in the center of IceCube DeepCore, will observe large numbers of atmospheric neutrinos that have undergone oscillations affected by Earth matter. In a joint fit with both approaches, tension occurs between their preferred mass-squared differences $Δ m_{31}^{2} = m_{3}^{2} - m_{1}^{2}$ within the wrong mass ordering. In the case of JUNO and the IceCube Upgrade, this allows to exclude the wrong ordering at $> 5 σ$ on a timescale of 3–7 years—even under circumstances that are unfavorable to the experiments’ individual sensitivities. For PINGU, a 26-string detector array designed as a potential low-energy extension to IceCube, the inverted ordering could be excluded within 1.5 years (3 years for the normal ordering) in a joint analysis.
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  ], 
  "titles": [
    {
      "source": "APS", 
      "title": "Combined sensitivity to the neutrino mass ordering with JUNO, the IceCube Upgrade, and PINGU"
    }
  ], 
  "dois": [
    {
      "value": "10.1103/PhysRevD.101.032006"
    }
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  "publication_info": [
    {
      "journal_volume": "101", 
      "journal_title": "Physical Review D", 
      "material": "article", 
      "journal_issue": "3", 
      "year": 2020
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    "source": "APS", 
    "method": "APS", 
    "submission_number": "810b323c058f11ecb53772fd3742099d"
  }, 
  "page_nr": [
    19
  ], 
  "license": [
    {
      "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", 
      "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
    }
  ], 
  "copyright": [
    {
      "statement": "Published by the American Physical Society", 
      "year": "2020"
    }
  ], 
  "control_number": "52897", 
  "collaborations": [
    {
      "value": "IceCube-Gen2 Collaboration"
    }, 
    {
      "value": "JUNO Collaboration Members"
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      "categories": [
        "hep-ex", 
        "physics.ins-det"
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      "value": "1911.06745"
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  "abstracts": [
    {
      "source": "APS", 
      "value": "The ordering of the neutrino mass eigenstates is one of the fundamental open questions in neutrino physics. While current-generation neutrino oscillation experiments are able to produce moderate indications on this ordering, upcoming experiments of the next generation aim to provide conclusive evidence. In this paper we study the combined performance of the two future multi-purpose neutrino oscillation experiments JUNO and the IceCube Upgrade, which employ two very distinct and complementary routes toward the neutrino mass ordering. The approach pursued by the 20 kt medium-baseline reactor neutrino experiment JUNO consists of a careful investigation of the energy spectrum of oscillated <math><mrow><msub><mrow><mover><mrow><mi>\u03bd</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>\u00af</mo></mrow></mover></mrow><mrow><mi>e</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math> produced by ten nuclear reactor cores. The IceCube Upgrade, on the other hand, which consists of seven additional densely instrumented strings deployed in the center of IceCube DeepCore, will observe large numbers of atmospheric neutrinos that have undergone oscillations affected by Earth matter. In a joint fit with both approaches, tension occurs between their preferred mass-squared differences <math><mrow><mi>\u0394</mi><msubsup><mrow><mi>m</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>31</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msubsup><mo>=</mo><msubsup><mrow><mi>m</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msubsup><mo>\u2212</mo><msubsup><mrow><mi>m</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msubsup></mrow></math> within the wrong mass ordering. In the case of JUNO and the IceCube Upgrade, this allows to exclude the wrong ordering at <math><mo>&gt;</mo><mn>5</mn><mi>\u03c3</mi></math> on a timescale of 3\u20137 years\u2014even under circumstances that are unfavorable to the experiments\u2019 individual sensitivities. For PINGU, a 26-string detector array designed as a potential low-energy extension to IceCube, the inverted ordering could be excluded within 1.5 years (3 years for the normal ordering) in a joint analysis."
    }
  ], 
  "imprints": [
    {
      "date": "2020-02-21", 
      "publisher": "APS"
    }
  ]
}
Published on:: 21 February 2020
Publisher:: APS
Published in:: Physical Review D , Volume 101 (2020)
Issue 3
DOI:: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.101.032006
arXiv:: 1911.06745
Copyrights:: Published by the American Physical Society
Licence:: CC-BY-4.0
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