A method to determine the kinetic freeze-out temperature in heavy-ion collisions from measured yields of short-lived resonances is presented. The resonance production is treated in the framework of a thermal model with an evolution between chemical and kinetic freeze-outs. The yields of many short-lived resonances are suppressed at $T=T_{\mathrm{kin}}<T_{\mathrm{ch}}$. We determine the values of $T_{\mathrm{kin}}$ and $T_{\mathrm{ch}}$ for various centralities in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{{}_{NN}}}=2.76$ TeV by fitting the abundances of both the stable hadrons and the short-lived resonances such as ${\rho }^0$ and ${\text{K}}^{*0}$, which were measured by the ALICE collaboration. This allows us to extract the kinetic freeze-out temperature from the measured hadron and resonance yields alone, independent of assumptions about the flow velocity profile and the freeze-out hypersurface. The extracted $T_{\mathrm{ch}}$ values exhibit a moderate multiplicity dependence whereas $T_{\mathrm{kin}}$ drops, from $T_{\mathrm{kin}}\simeq T_{\mathrm{ch}}\simeq 155\mathrm{MeV}$ in peripheral collisions to $T_{\mathrm{kin}}\simeq 110\mathrm{MeV}$ in 0%–20% central collisions. Predictions for other short-lived resonances are presented. A potential (non-)observation of a suppressed $f_0\left(980\right)$ meson yield will allow us to constrain the lifetime of that meson.