Gapped dilatons in scale invariant superfluids

Riccardo Argurio (Physique Théorique et Mathématique and International Solvay Institutes, Université Libre de Bruxelles, C.P. 231, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium) ; Carlos Hoyos (Department of Physics and Instituto de Ciencias y Tecnologías Espaciales de Asturias (ICTEA), Universidad de Oviedo, c/ Federico García Lorca 18, E-33007 Oviedo, Spain) ; Daniele Musso (Departamento de Física de Partículas and Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain Inovalabs Digital S.L. (TECHEYE), E-36202 Vigo, Spain) ; Daniel Naegels (Physique Théorique et Mathématique and International Solvay Institutes, Université Libre de Bruxelles, C.P. 231, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium)

We study a paradigmatic model in field theory where a global U(1) and scale symmetries are jointly and spontaneously broken. At zero density the model has a noncompact flat direction, which at finite density needs to be slightly lifted. The resulting low-energy spectrum is composed by a standard gapless U(1) Nambu-Goldstone mode and a light dilaton whose gap is determined by the chemical potential and corrected by the couplings. Even though U(1) and scale symmetries commute, there is a mixing between the U(1) Nambu-Goldstone and the dilaton that is crucial to recover the expected dynamics of a conformal fluid and leads to a phonon propagating at the speed of sound. The results rely solely on an accurate study of the Ward-Takahashi identities and are checked against standard fluctuation computations. We extend our results to a boosted superfluid, and comment the relevance of our findings to condensed matter applications.

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      "value": "We study a paradigmatic model in field theory where a global <math><mi>U</mi><mo>(</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>)</mo></math> and scale symmetries are jointly and spontaneously broken. At zero density the model has a noncompact flat direction, which at finite density needs to be slightly lifted. The resulting low-energy spectrum is composed by a standard gapless <math><mi>U</mi><mo>(</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>)</mo></math> Nambu-Goldstone mode and a light dilaton whose gap is determined by the chemical potential and corrected by the couplings. Even though <math><mi>U</mi><mo>(</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>)</mo></math> and scale symmetries commute, there is a mixing between the <math><mi>U</mi><mo>(</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>)</mo></math> Nambu-Goldstone and the dilaton that is crucial to recover the expected dynamics of a conformal fluid and leads to a phonon propagating at the speed of sound. The results rely solely on an accurate study of the Ward-Takahashi identities and are checked against standard fluctuation computations. We extend our results to a boosted superfluid, and comment the relevance of our findings to condensed matter applications."
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Published on:
19 October 2020
Publisher:
APS
Published in:
Physical Review D , Volume 102 (2020)
Issue 7
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.102.076011
arXiv:
2006.11047
Copyrights:
Published by the American Physical Society
Licence:
CC-BY-4.0

Fulltext files: