{
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  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        {
          "country": "India", 
          "value": "Astronomy and Astrophysics Group, Raman Research Institute, Bengaluru, 560080, India", 
          "organization": "Raman Research Institute"
        }
      ], 
      "surname": "Das", 
      "email": "saikatdas@rri.res.in", 
      "full_name": "Das, Saikat", 
      "given_names": "Saikat"
    }, 
    {
      "affiliations": [
        {
          "country": "South Africa", 
          "value": "Centre for Astro-Particle Physics (CAPP) and Department of Physics, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa", 
          "organization": "University of Johannesburg"
        }
      ], 
      "surname": "Razzaque", 
      "email": "srazzaque@uj.ac.za", 
      "full_name": "Razzaque, Soebur", 
      "given_names": "Soebur"
    }, 
    {
      "affiliations": [
        {
          "country": "India", 
          "value": "Astronomy and Astrophysics Group, Raman Research Institute, Bengaluru, 560080, India", 
          "organization": "Raman Research Institute"
        }
      ], 
      "surname": "Gupta", 
      "email": "nayan@rri.res.in", 
      "full_name": "Gupta, Nayantara", 
      "given_names": "Nayantara"
    }
  ], 
  "titles": [
    {
      "source": "Springer", 
      "title": "Modeling the spectrum and composition of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays with two populations of extragalactic sources"
    }
  ], 
  "dois": [
    {
      "value": "10.1140/epjc/s10052-021-08885-4"
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  "publication_info": [
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      "page_end": "15", 
      "journal_title": "European Physical Journal C", 
      "material": "article", 
      "journal_volume": "81", 
      "artid": "s10052-021-08885-4", 
      "year": 2021, 
      "page_start": "1", 
      "journal_issue": "1"
    }
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    "source": "Springer", 
    "method": "Springer", 
    "submission_number": "1674fee68ce811ebbd0e02163e01809a"
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    15
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  "license": [
    {
      "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses//by/4.0", 
      "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
    }
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  "copyright": [
    {
      "holder": "The Author(s)", 
      "year": "2021"
    }
  ], 
  "control_number": "59476", 
  "record_creation_date": "2021-01-20T16:30:24.596360", 
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  "collections": [
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      "primary": "European Physical Journal C"
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  ], 
  "abstracts": [
    {
      "source": "Springer", 
      "value": "We fit the ultrahigh-energy cosmic-ray (UHECR,  $$E\\gtrsim 0.1$$  <math> <mrow> <mi>E</mi> <mo>\u2273</mo> <mn>0.1</mn> </mrow> </math>   EeV) spectrum and composition data from the Pierre Auger Observatory at energies  $$E\\gtrsim 5\\cdot 10^{18}$$  <math> <mrow> <mi>E</mi> <mo>\u2273</mo> <mn>5</mn> <mo>\u00b7</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mn>18</mn> </msup> </mrow> </math>   eV, i.e., beyond the ankle using two populations of astrophysical sources. One population, accelerating dominantly protons ( $$^1$$  <math> <msup> <mrow></mrow> <mn>1</mn> </msup> </math>  H), extends up to the highest observed energies with maximum energy close to the GZK cutoff and injection spectral index near the Fermi acceleration model; while another population accelerates light-to-heavy nuclei ( $$^4$$  <math> <msup> <mrow></mrow> <mn>4</mn> </msup> </math>  He,  $$^{14}$$  <math> <msup> <mrow></mrow> <mn>14</mn> </msup> </math>  N,  $$^{28}$$  <math> <msup> <mrow></mrow> <mn>28</mn> </msup> </math>  Si,  $$^{56}$$  <math> <msup> <mrow></mrow> <mn>56</mn> </msup> </math>  Fe) with a relatively low rigidity cutoff and hard injection spectrum. A significant improvement in the combined fit is noted as we go from a one-population to two-population model. For the latter, we constrain the maximum allowed proton fraction at the highest-energy bin within 3.5 $$\\sigma $$  <math> <mi>\u03c3</mi> </math>   statistical significance. In the single-population model, low-luminosity gamma-ray bursts turn out to match the best-fit evolution parameter. In the two-population model, the active galactic nuclei is consistent with the best-fit redshift evolution parameter of the pure proton-emitting sources, while the tidal disruption events could be responsible for emitting heavier nuclei. We also compute expected cosmogenic neutrino flux in such a hybrid source population scenario and discuss possibilities to detect these neutrinos by upcoming detectors to shed light on the sources of UHECRs."
    }
  ], 
  "imprints": [
    {
      "date": "2021-01-20", 
      "publisher": "Springer"
    }
  ]
}