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  "authors": [
    {
      "raw_name": "Allan Sung", 
      "affiliations": [
        {
          "country": "Taiwan", 
          "value": "Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan"
        }, 
        {
          "country": "USA", 
          "value": "Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA"
        }
      ], 
      "surname": "Sung", 
      "given_names": "Allan", 
      "full_name": "Sung, Allan"
    }, 
    {
      "raw_name": "Gang Guo", 
      "affiliations": [
        {
          "country": "Taiwan", 
          "value": "Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan"
        }, 
        {
          "country": "China", 
          "value": "Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210033, China"
        }
      ], 
      "surname": "Guo", 
      "given_names": "Gang", 
      "full_name": "Guo, Gang"
    }, 
    {
      "raw_name": "Meng-Ru Wu", 
      "affiliations": [
        {
          "country": "Taiwan", 
          "value": "Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan"
        }, 
        {
          "country": "Taiwan", 
          "value": "Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan"
        }
      ], 
      "surname": "Wu", 
      "given_names": "Meng-Ru", 
      "full_name": "Wu, Meng-Ru"
    }
  ], 
  "titles": [
    {
      "source": "APS", 
      "title": "Supernova constraint on self-interacting dark sector particles"
    }
  ], 
  "dois": [
    {
      "value": "10.1103/PhysRevD.103.103005"
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  "publication_info": [
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      "journal_volume": "103", 
      "journal_title": "Physical Review D", 
      "material": "article", 
      "journal_issue": "10", 
      "year": 2021
    }
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    23
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      "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", 
      "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
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  "copyright": [
    {
      "statement": "Published by the American Physical Society", 
      "year": "2021"
    }
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  "control_number": "61775", 
  "record_creation_date": "2021-05-05T14:07:26.089390", 
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      "primary": "HEP"
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      "primary": "Citeable"
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  "abstracts": [
    {
      "source": "APS", 
      "value": "We examine the constraints on sub-GeV dark sector particles set by the proto-neutron star cooling associated with the core-collapse supernova event SN1987a. Considering explicitly a dark photon portal dark sector model, we compute the relevant interaction rates of dark photon (<math><msup><mi>A</mi><mo>\u2032</mo></msup></math>) and dark fermion (<math><mi>\u03c7</mi></math>) with the Standard Model particles as well as their self-interaction inside the dark sector. We find that even with a small dark sector fine structure constant <math><msub><mi>\u03b1</mi><mi>D</mi></msub><mo>\u226a</mo><mn>1</mn></math>, dark sector self-interactions can easily lead to their own self-trapping. This effect strongly limits the energy luminosity carried away by dark sector particles from the supernova core and thus drastically affects the parameter space that can be constrained by SN1987a. We consider specifically two mass ratios <math><msub><mi>m</mi><msup><mi>A</mi><mo>\u2032</mo></msup></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>3</mn><msub><mi>m</mi><mi>\u03c7</mi></msub></math> and <math><mn>3</mn><msub><mi>m</mi><msup><mi>A</mi><mo>\u2032</mo></msup></msub><mo>=</mo><msub><mi>m</mi><mi>\u03c7</mi></msub></math> which represent scenarios where the decay of <math><msup><mi>A</mi><mo>\u2032</mo></msup></math> to <math><mi>\u03c7</mi><mover><mi>\u03c7</mi><mo>\u00af</mo></mover></math> is allowed or not. For <math><msub><mi>m</mi><msup><mi>A</mi><mo>\u2032</mo></msup></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>3</mn><msub><mi>m</mi><mi>\u03c7</mi></msub></math>, we show that this effect can completely evade the supernova bounds on widely examined dark photon parameter space for a dark sector with <math><msub><mi>\u03b1</mi><mi>D</mi></msub><mo>\u2273</mo><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow><mo>\u2212</mo><mn>7</mn></mrow></msup></math>. In particular, for the mass range <math><msub><mi>m</mi><mi>\u03c7</mi></msub><mo>\u2272</mo><mn>20</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>MeV</mi></math>, supernova bounds can only be applied to weakly self-interacting dark sector with <math><msub><mi>\u03b1</mi><mi>D</mi></msub><mo>\u2272</mo><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow><mo>\u2212</mo><mn>15</mn></mrow></msup></math>. For <math><mn>3</mn><msub><mi>m</mi><msup><mi>A</mi><mo>\u2032</mo></msup></msub><mo>=</mo><msub><mi>m</mi><mi>\u03c7</mi></msub></math>, bounds in regions where <math><msub><mi>\u03b1</mi><mi>D</mi></msub><mo>\u2273</mo><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow><mo>\u2212</mo><mn>7</mn></mrow></msup></math> for <math><msub><mi>m</mi><mi>\u03c7</mi></msub><mo>\u2272</mo><mn>20</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>MeV</mi></math> can be evaded similarly. Our findings thus imply that the existing supernova bounds on light dark particles can be generally eluded by a similar self-trapping mechanism. This also implies that nonstandard strongly self-interacting neutrino is not consistent with the SN1987a observation. Same effects can also take place for other known stellar bounds on dark sector particles."
    }
  ], 
  "imprints": [
    {
      "date": "2021-05-04", 
      "publisher": "APS"
    }
  ]
}