In the detailed probe of Higgs boson properties at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), and in looking for new physics signatures in the electroweak symmetry breaking sector, the bottom quark Yukawa coupling has a crucial role. We investigate possible departure from the standard model value of $b\overline{b}h$ coupling, phenomenologically expressed in terms of a modification factor ${\alpha }_b$, in $b\overline{b}$-associated production of the 125-GeV scalar at the high-luminosity LHC. In a next-to-leading order estimate, we make use of a gradient boosting algorithm to improve the statistical significance upon a cut-based analysis. It is found possible to probe down to ${\alpha }_b=3$ with more than 5σ significance, with $L=3000$ fb$^{−1}$ and $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV, while the achievable limit at 95% C.L. is ±1.95. Scale dependence of this limit is also reported.