Medium effects in supernovae constraints on light mediators

David G. Cerdeño (Instituto de Física Teórica, IFT-UAM/CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Física Teórica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain) ; Marina Cermeño (Centre for Cosmology, Particle Physics and Phenomenology (CP3), Université catholique de Louvain, Chemin du Cyclotron 2, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium) ; M. Ángeles Pérez-García (Department of Fundamental Physics, University of Salamanca, Plaza de la Merced s/n 37008 Salamanca, Spain) ; Elliott Reid (Institute for Particle Physics Phenomenology, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom)

In this article, we reevaluate supernovae (SN) constraints on the diffusion time of neutrinos for a family of extensions of the Standard Model that incorporate new light scalar and vector mediators. We compute the neutrino mean free path, taking into account medium effects in the neutrino-nucleon scattering cross section, and a radial dependence of the density, energy, and temperature inside the proto-neutron star to determine the coupling strengths compatible with SN1987A constraints on the time duration signal of diffusing neutrinos. We show that medium effects can induce an order of magnitude enhancement in the neutrino mean free path with respect to the vacuum calculation. The increase is more significant when new physics terms dominate over the Standard Model contribution (that is, for small mediator mass and large couplings). Finally, we interpret these results as bounds on the parameter space of a vector U(1)BL model and scalar lepton number conserving and lepton number violating scenarios, improving on previous results in the literature where medium effects were ignored. We show that SN constraints on the neutrino diffusion time lie within regions of the parameter space that are already ruled out by other experimental constraints. We also comment on potential limits due to changes in the SN equation of state or right-handed neutrino free-streaming, but argue that detailed numerical simulations are needed to improve the reliability of these limits.

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      "source": "APS", 
      "value": "In this article, we reevaluate supernovae (SN) constraints on the diffusion time of neutrinos for a family of extensions of the Standard Model that incorporate new light scalar and vector mediators. We compute the neutrino mean free path, taking into account medium effects in the neutrino-nucleon scattering cross section, and a radial dependence of the density, energy, and temperature inside the proto-neutron star to determine the coupling strengths compatible with SN1987A constraints on the time duration signal of diffusing neutrinos. We show that medium effects can induce an order of magnitude enhancement in the neutrino mean free path with respect to the vacuum calculation. The increase is more significant when new physics terms dominate over the Standard Model contribution (that is, for small mediator mass and large couplings). Finally, we interpret these results as bounds on the parameter space of a vector <math><mi>U</mi><mo>(</mo><mn>1</mn><msub><mo>)</mo><mrow><mi>B</mi><mo>\u2212</mo><mi>L</mi></mrow></msub></math> model and scalar lepton number conserving and lepton number violating scenarios, improving on previous results in the literature where medium effects were ignored. We show that SN constraints on the neutrino diffusion time lie within regions of the parameter space that are already ruled out by other experimental constraints. We also comment on potential limits due to changes in the SN equation of state or right-handed neutrino free-streaming, but argue that detailed numerical simulations are needed to improve the reliability of these limits."
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Published on:
07 September 2021
Publisher:
APS
Published in:
Physical Review D , Volume 104 (2021)
Issue 6
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.104.063013
arXiv:
2106.11660
Copyrights:
Published by the American Physical Society
Licence:
CC-BY-4.0

Fulltext files: