The DEAP-3600 detector searches for the scintillation signal from dark matter particles scattering on a 3.3 tonne liquid argon target. The largest background comes from $$^{39}\text{ Ar }$$ beta decays and is suppressed using pulse-shape discrimination (PSD). We use two types of PSD estimator: the prompt-fraction, which considers the fraction of the scintillation signal in a narrow and a wide time window around the event peak, and the log-likelihood-ratio, which compares the observed photon arrival times to a signal and a background model. We furthermore use two algorithms to determine the number of photons detected at a given time: (1) simply dividing the charge of each PMT pulse by the mean single-photoelectron charge, and (2) a likelihood analysis that considers the probability to detect a certain number of photons at a given time, based on a model for the scintillation pulse shape and for afterpulsing in the light detectors. The prompt-fraction performs approximately as well as the log-likelihood-ratio PSD algorithm if the photon detection times are not biased by detector effects. We explain this result using a model for the information carried by scintillation photons as a function of the time when they are detected.
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"organization": "TRIUMF" } ], "surname": "Lindner", "given_names": "T.", "full_name": "Lindner, T." }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Italy", "value": "INFN Cagliari, Cagliari, 09042, Italy", "organization": "INFN Cagliari" } ], "surname": "Lissia", "given_names": "M.", "full_name": "Lissia, M." }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Canada", "value": "Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada", "organization": "Carleton University" } ], "surname": "Lock", "given_names": "J.", "full_name": "Lock, J." }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Italy", "value": "Physics Department, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi \u201cFederico II\u201d di Napoli, Naples, 80126, Italy", "organization": "Universit\u00e0 degli Studi \u201cFederico II\u201d di Napoli" }, { "country": "Italy", "value": "INFN Napoli, Naples, 80126, Italy", "organization": "INFN Napoli" } ], "surname": "Longo", "given_names": "G.", "full_name": "Longo, G." }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Russia", "value": "National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, 123182, Russia", "organization": "National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute" }, { "country": "Russia", "value": "National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow, 115409, Russia", "organization": "National Research Nuclear University MEPhI" } ], "surname": "Machulin", "given_names": "I.", "full_name": "Machulin, I." }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Canada", "value": "Department of Physics, Engineering Physics and Astronomy, Queen\u2019s University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada", "organization": "Queen\u2019s University" } ], "surname": "McDonald", "given_names": "A.", "full_name": "McDonald, A." }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Canada", "value": "Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada", "organization": "University of Alberta" } ], "surname": "McElroy", "given_names": "T.", "full_name": "McElroy, T." }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Canada", "value": "Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada", "organization": "Carleton University" }, { "country": "Canada", "value": "Department of Physics, Engineering Physics and Astronomy, Queen\u2019s University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada", "organization": "Queen\u2019s University" } ], "surname": "McGinn", "given_names": "T.", "full_name": "McGinn, T." }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "UK", "value": "Royal Holloway University London, Egham Hill, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK", "organization": "Royal Holloway University London" }, { "country": "Canada", "value": "TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A3, Canada", "organization": "TRIUMF" } ], "surname": "McLaughlin", "given_names": "J.", "full_name": "McLaughlin, J." }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Canada", "value": "Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada", "organization": "Carleton University" } ], "surname": "Mehdiyev", "given_names": "R.", "full_name": "Mehdiyev, R." }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Canada", "value": "Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada", "organization": "University of Alberta" } ], "surname": "Mielnichuk", "given_names": "C.", "full_name": "Mielnichuk, C." }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "UK", "value": "Royal Holloway University London, Egham Hill, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK", "organization": "Royal Holloway University London" } ], "surname": "Monroe", "given_names": "J.", "full_name": "Monroe, J." }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Canada", "value": "Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada", "organization": "Carleton University" } ], "surname": "Nadeau", "given_names": "P.", "full_name": "Nadeau, P." }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Canada", "value": "Department of Physics, Engineering Physics and Astronomy, Queen\u2019s University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada", "organization": "Queen\u2019s University" } ], "surname": "Nantais", "given_names": "C.", "full_name": "Nantais, C." }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Canada", "value": "Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada", "organization": "University of Alberta" } ], "surname": "Ng", "given_names": "C.", "full_name": "Ng, C." }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Canada", "value": "Department of Physics, Engineering Physics and Astronomy, Queen\u2019s University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada", "organization": "Queen\u2019s University" } ], "surname": "Noble", "given_names": "A.", "full_name": "Noble, A." }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Canada", "value": "Department of Physics, Engineering Physics and Astronomy, Queen\u2019s University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada", "organization": "Queen\u2019s University" } ], "surname": "O\u2019Dwyer", "given_names": "E.", "full_name": "O\u2019Dwyer, E." }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Canada", "value": "Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada", "organization": "Carleton 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McDonald Canadian Astroparticle Physics Research Institute, Queen\u2019s University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada", "organization": "Queen\u2019s University" } ], "surname": "Olivi\u00e9ro", "given_names": "G.", "full_name": "Olivi\u00e9ro, G." }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Canada", "value": "Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada", "organization": "Carleton University" } ], "surname": "Ouellet", "given_names": "C.", "full_name": "Ouellet, C." }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Canada", "value": "Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada", "organization": "University of Alberta" }, { "country": "Canada", "value": "Arthur B. 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McDonald Canadian Astroparticle Physics Research Institute, Queen\u2019s University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada", "organization": "Queen\u2019s University" } ], "surname": "Piro", "given_names": "M.C.", "full_name": "Piro, M.C." }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Germany", "value": "Department of Physics, Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Munich, 80333, Germany", "organization": "Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen" }, { "country": "Netherlands", "value": "Nikhef and the University of Amsterdam, Science Park, Amsterdam, 1098 XG, The Netherlands", "organization": "Nikhef and the University of Amsterdam" } ], "surname": "Pollmann", "given_names": "T.", "full_name": "Pollmann, T." }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Canada", "value": "Canadian Nuclear Laboratories Ltd, Chalk River, ON, K0J 1J0, Canada", "organization": "Canadian Nuclear Laboratories Ltd" } ], "surname": "Rand", "given_names": "E.", "full_name": "Rand, E." }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Canada", "value": "Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada", "organization": "Carleton University" } ], "surname": "Rethmeier", "given_names": "C.", "full_name": "Rethmeier, C." }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Canada", "value": "TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A3, Canada", "organization": "TRIUMF" } ], "surname": "Reti\u00e8re", "given_names": "F.", "full_name": "Reti\u00e8re, F." }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Spain", "value": "Centro de Investigaciones Energ\u00e9ticas, Medioambientales y Tecnol\u00f3gicas, Madrid, 28040, Spain", "organization": "Centro de Investigaciones Energ\u00e9ticas, Medioambientales y Tecnol\u00f3gicas" } ], "surname": "Rodr\u00edguez-Garc\u00eda", "given_names": "I.", "full_name": "Rodr\u00edguez-Garc\u00eda, I." }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Poland", "value": "AstroCeNT, Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, Rektorska 4, Warsaw, 00-614, Poland", "organization": "AstroCeNT, Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences" }, { "country": "Poland", "value": "BP2, National Centre for Nuclear Research, ul. 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McDonald Canadian Astroparticle Physics Research Institute, Queen\u2019s University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada", "organization": "Queen\u2019s University" } ], "surname": "Sonley", "given_names": "T.", "full_name": "Sonley, T." }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Canada", "value": "Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada", "organization": "University of Alberta" } ], "surname": "Soukup", "given_names": "J.", "full_name": "Soukup, J." }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Canada", "value": "Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada", "organization": "Carleton University" } ], "surname": "Stainforth", "given_names": "R.", "full_name": "Stainforth, R." }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Canada", "value": "Department of Physics, Engineering Physics and Astronomy, Queen\u2019s University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada", "organization": "Queen\u2019s University" } ], "surname": "Stone", "given_names": "C.", "full_name": "Stone, C." }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Canada", "value": "Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada", "organization": "Carleton University" } ], "surname": "Strickland", "given_names": "V.", "full_name": "Strickland, V." }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Canada", "value": "Department of Physics, Engineering Physics and Astronomy, Queen\u2019s University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada", "organization": "Queen\u2019s University" }, { "country": "Canada", "value": "Arthur B. McDonald Canadian Astroparticle Physics Research Institute, Queen\u2019s University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada", "organization": "Queen\u2019s University" } ], "surname": "Stringer", "given_names": "M.", "full_name": "Stringer, M." }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Canada", "value": "Canadian Nuclear Laboratories Ltd, Chalk River, ON, K0J 1J0, Canada", "organization": "Canadian Nuclear Laboratories Ltd" } ], "surname": "Sur", "given_names": "B.", "full_name": "Sur, B." }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Canada", "value": "Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada", "organization": "University of Alberta" } ], "surname": "Tang", "given_names": "J.", "full_name": "Tang, J." }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Canada", "value": "Department of Physics and Astronomy, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, P3E 2C6, Canada", "organization": "Laurentian University" }, { "country": "Mexico", "value": "Instituto de F\u00edsica, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Mexico, D.F., 01000, Mexico", "organization": "Instituto de F\u00edsica, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico" } ], "surname": "V\u00e1zquez-J\u00e1uregui", "given_names": "E.", "full_name": "V\u00e1zquez-J\u00e1uregui, E." }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Canada", "value": "Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada", "organization": "Carleton University" }, { "country": "Canada", "value": "Arthur B. McDonald Canadian Astroparticle Physics Research Institute, Queen\u2019s University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada", "organization": "Queen\u2019s University" } ], "surname": "Viel", "given_names": "S.", "full_name": "Viel, S." }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "UK", "value": "Royal Holloway University London, Egham Hill, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK", "organization": "Royal Holloway University London" } ], "surname": "Walding", "given_names": "J.", "full_name": "Walding, J." }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Canada", "value": "Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada", "organization": "Carleton University" }, { "country": "Canada", "value": "Arthur B. McDonald Canadian Astroparticle Physics Research Institute, Queen\u2019s University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada", "organization": "Queen\u2019s University" } ], "surname": "Waqar", "given_names": "M.", "full_name": "Waqar, M." }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Canada", "value": "Department of Physics, Engineering Physics and Astronomy, Queen\u2019s University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada", "organization": "Queen\u2019s University" } ], "surname": "Ward", "given_names": "M.", "full_name": "Ward, M." }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Canada", "value": "Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada", "organization": "Carleton University" }, { "country": "Italy", "value": "INFN Cagliari, Cagliari, 09042, Italy", "organization": "INFN Cagliari" } ], "surname": "Westerdale", "given_names": "S.", "full_name": "Westerdale, S." }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Canada", "value": "Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada", "organization": "University of Alberta" } ], "surname": "Willis", "given_names": "J.", "full_name": "Willis, J." }, { "affiliations": [ { "country": "Mexico", "value": "Instituto de F\u00edsica, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Mexico, D.F., 01000, Mexico", "organization": "Instituto de F\u00edsica, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico" } ], "surname": "Zu\u00f1iga-Reyes", "given_names": "A.", "full_name": "Zu\u00f1iga-Reyes, A." } ], "titles": [ { "source": "Springer", "title": "Pulse-shape discrimination against low-energy Ar-39 beta decays in liquid argon with 4.5 tonne-years of DEAP-3600 data" } ], "dois": [ { "value": "10.1140/epjc/s10052-021-09514-w" } ], "publication_info": [ { "page_end": "13", "journal_title": "European Physical Journal C", "material": "article", "journal_volume": "81", "artid": "s10052-021-09514-w", "year": 2021, "page_start": "1", "journal_issue": "9" } ], "$schema": "http://repo.scoap3.org/schemas/hep.json", "acquisition_source": { "date": "2021-10-14T00:31:19.383177", "source": "Springer", "method": "Springer", "submission_number": "ddb2cd522c8511ecbd5e2e123689e85f" }, "page_nr": [ 13 ], "license": [ { "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses//by/4.0", "license": "CC-BY-4.0" } ], "copyright": [ { "holder": "The Author(s)", "year": "2021" } ], "control_number": "64701", "collaborations": [ { "value": "DEAP Collaboration" } ], "_files": [ { "checksum": "md5:e674a85737a61c7ed7e96ec769c30422", "filetype": "xml", "bucket": "35e26287-3332-4414-a336-53373648f2c1", "version_id": "6f4db277-9133-4803-bc1c-18fe347993b8", "key": "10.1140/epjc/s10052-021-09514-w.xml", "size": 71941 }, { "checksum": "md5:7c816515bfbe1b18cf719509db57797d", "filetype": "pdf/a", "bucket": "35e26287-3332-4414-a336-53373648f2c1", "version_id": "447d9722-b5b5-487e-8580-3c9a8b15df20", "key": "10.1140/epjc/s10052-021-09514-w_a.pdf", "size": 2412056 } ], "record_creation_date": "2021-09-16T18:30:26.780739", "collections": [ { "primary": "European Physical Journal C" } ], "arxiv_eprints": [ { "categories": [ "physics.ins-det", "astro-ph.IM" ], "value": "2103.12202" } ], "abstracts": [ { "source": "Springer", "value": "The DEAP-3600 detector searches for the scintillation signal from dark matter particles scattering on a 3.3 tonne liquid argon target. The largest background comes from $$^{39}\\text{ Ar }$$ <math> <mrow> <msup> <mrow></mrow> <mn>39</mn> </msup> <mspace width=\"0.333333em\"></mspace> <mtext>Ar</mtext> <mspace width=\"0.333333em\"></mspace> </mrow> </math> beta decays and is suppressed using pulse-shape discrimination (PSD). We use two types of PSD estimator: the prompt-fraction, which considers the fraction of the scintillation signal in a narrow and a wide time window around the event peak, and the log-likelihood-ratio, which compares the observed photon arrival times to a signal and a background model. We furthermore use two algorithms to determine the number of photons detected at a given time: (1) simply dividing the charge of each PMT pulse by the mean single-photoelectron charge, and (2) a likelihood analysis that considers the probability to detect a certain number of photons at a given time, based on a model for the scintillation pulse shape and for afterpulsing in the light detectors. The prompt-fraction performs approximately as well as the log-likelihood-ratio PSD algorithm if the photon detection times are not biased by detector effects. We explain this result using a model for the information carried by scintillation photons as a function of the time when they are detected." } ], "imprints": [ { "date": "2021-09-16", "publisher": "Springer" } ] }