Sensitivity of multi-PMT optical modules in Antarctic ice to supernova neutrinos of MeV energy

C. Lozano Mariscal (Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 9, Münster, 48149, Germany) ; L. Classen (Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 9, Münster, 48149, Germany) ; M. Unland Elorrieta (Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 9, Münster, 48149, Germany) ; A. Kappes (Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 9, Münster, 48149, Germany)

New optical sensors with a segmented photosensitive area are being developed for the next generation of neutrino telescopes at the South Pole. In addition to increasing sensitivity to high-energy astrophysical neutrinos, we show that this will also lead to a significant improvement in sensitivity to MeV neutrinos, such as those produced in core-collapse supernovae (CCSN). These low-energy neutrinos can provide a detailed picture of the events after stellar core collapse, testing our understanding of these violent explosions. We present studies on the event-based detection of MeV neutrinos with a segmented sensor and, for the first time, the potential of a corresponding detector in the deep ice at the South Pole for the detection of extra-galactic CCSN. We find that exploiting temporal coincidences between signals in different photocathode segments, a $$27\ \mathrm {M}_{\odot }$$ 27 M progenitor mass CCSN can be detected up to a distance of 341 kpc with a false detection rate of $${0.01}\,\hbox {year}^{-1}$$ 0.01 year - 1 with a detector consisting of 10,000 sensors. Increasing the number of sensors to 20,000 and reducing the optical background by a factor of 70 expands the range such that a CCSN detection rate of 0.1 per year is achieved, while keeping the false detection rate at $${0.01}\,{\hbox {year}^{-1}}$$ 0.01 year - 1 .

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      "value": "New optical sensors with a segmented photosensitive area are being developed for the next generation of neutrino telescopes at the South Pole. In addition to increasing sensitivity to high-energy astrophysical neutrinos, we show that this will also lead to a significant improvement in sensitivity to MeV neutrinos, such as those produced in core-collapse supernovae (CCSN). These low-energy neutrinos can provide a detailed picture of the events after stellar core collapse, testing our understanding of these violent explosions. We present studies on the event-based detection of MeV neutrinos with a segmented sensor and, for the first time, the potential of a corresponding detector in the deep ice at the South Pole for the detection of extra-galactic CCSN. We find that exploiting temporal coincidences between signals in different photocathode segments, a  $$27\\ \\mathrm {M}_{\\odot }$$  <math> <mrow> <mn>27</mn> <mspace width=\"4pt\"></mspace> <msub> <mi>M</mi> <mo>\u2299</mo> </msub> </mrow> </math>   progenitor mass CCSN can be detected up to a distance of 341 kpc with a false detection rate of  $${0.01}\\,\\hbox {year}^{-1}$$  <math> <mrow> <mrow> <mn>0.01</mn> </mrow> <mspace width=\"0.166667em\"></mspace> <msup> <mtext>year</mtext> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </math>   with a detector consisting of 10,000 sensors. Increasing the number of sensors to 20,000 and reducing the optical background by a factor of 70 expands the range such that a CCSN detection rate of 0.1 per year is achieved, while keeping the false detection rate at  $${0.01}\\,{\\hbox {year}^{-1}}$$  <math> <mrow> <mrow> <mn>0.01</mn> </mrow> <mspace width=\"0.166667em\"></mspace> <msup> <mtext>year</mtext> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </math>  ."
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Published on:
01 December 2021
Publisher:
Springer
Published in:
European Physical Journal C , Volume 81 (2021)
Issue 12
Pages 1-11
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-021-09809-y
arXiv:
2106.14199
Copyrights:
The Author(s)
Licence:
CC-BY-4.0

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