{
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  "authors": [
    {
      "raw_name": "Shuichiro Funatsu", 
      "affiliations": [
        {
          "country": "China", 
          "value": "Institute of Particle Physics and Key Laboratory of Quark and Lepton Physics (MOE), Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China"
        }
      ], 
      "surname": "Funatsu", 
      "given_names": "Shuichiro", 
      "full_name": "Funatsu, Shuichiro"
    }, 
    {
      "raw_name": "Hisaki Hatanaka", 
      "affiliations": [
        {
          "country": "Japan", 
          "value": "Osaka, Osaka 536-0014, Japan"
        }
      ], 
      "surname": "Hatanaka", 
      "given_names": "Hisaki", 
      "full_name": "Hatanaka, Hisaki"
    }, 
    {
      "raw_name": "Yutaka Hosotani", 
      "affiliations": [
        {
          "country": "Japan", 
          "value": "Department of Physics, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan"
        }
      ], 
      "surname": "Hosotani", 
      "given_names": "Yutaka", 
      "full_name": "Hosotani, Yutaka"
    }, 
    {
      "raw_name": "Yuta Orikasa", 
      "affiliations": [
        {
          "country": "Czech Republic", 
          "value": "Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Czech Technical University in Prague, Husova 240/5, 110 00 Prague 1, Czech Republic"
        }
      ], 
      "surname": "Orikasa", 
      "given_names": "Yuta", 
      "full_name": "Orikasa, Yuta"
    }, 
    {
      "raw_name": "Naoki Yamatsu", 
      "affiliations": [
        {
          "country": "Japan", 
          "value": "Department of Physics, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan"
        }
      ], 
      "surname": "Yamatsu", 
      "given_names": "Naoki", 
      "full_name": "Yamatsu, Naoki"
    }
  ], 
  "titles": [
    {
      "source": "APS", 
      "title": "Electroweak and left-right phase transitions in <math><mi>S</mi><mi>O</mi><mo>(</mo><mn>5</mn><mo>)</mo><mo>\u00d7</mo><mi>U</mi><mo>(</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>)</mo><mo>\u00d7</mo><mi>S</mi><mi>U</mi><mo>(</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>)</mo></math> gauge-Higgs unification"
    }
  ], 
  "dois": [
    {
      "value": "10.1103/PhysRevD.104.115018"
    }
  ], 
  "publication_info": [
    {
      "journal_volume": "104", 
      "journal_title": "Physical Review D", 
      "material": "article", 
      "journal_issue": "11", 
      "year": 2021
    }
  ], 
  "$schema": "http://repo.scoap3.org/schemas/hep.json", 
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    "date": "2022-04-05T09:25:05.007439", 
    "source": "APS", 
    "method": "APS", 
    "submission_number": "3dc63052b4c211ec837fd6d834be26e1"
  }, 
  "page_nr": [
    26
  ], 
  "license": [
    {
      "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", 
      "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
    }
  ], 
  "copyright": [
    {
      "statement": "Published by the American Physical Society", 
      "year": "2021"
    }
  ], 
  "control_number": "66708", 
  "record_creation_date": "2021-12-20T18:30:12.094769", 
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  "collections": [
    {
      "primary": "HEP"
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    {
      "primary": "Citeable"
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  "arxiv_eprints": [
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        "hep-ph"
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      "value": "2104.02870"
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  "abstracts": [
    {
      "source": "APS", 
      "value": "The electroweak phase transition in grand unified theory inspired <math><mi>S</mi><mi>O</mi><mo>(</mo><mn>5</mn><mo>)</mo><mo>\u00d7</mo><mi>U</mi><mo>(</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>)</mo><mo>\u00d7</mo><mi>S</mi><mi>U</mi><mo>(</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>)</mo></math> gauge-Higgs unification is shown to be weakly first order and occurs at <math><mi>T</mi><mo>=</mo><msubsup><mi>T</mi><mi>c</mi><mrow><mi>EW</mi></mrow></msubsup><mo>\u223c</mo><mn>163</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>GeV</mi></math>, which is very similar to the behavior in the standard model in perturbation theory. A new phase appears at higher temperatures. <math><mrow><mi>S</mi><mi>U</mi><mo>(</mo><mn>2</mn><msub><mo>)</mo><mi>L</mi></msub><mo>\u00d7</mo><mi>U</mi><mo>(</mo><mn>1</mn><msub><mo>)</mo><mi>Y</mi></msub></mrow></math> (<math><msub><mi>\u03b8</mi><mi>H</mi></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn></math>) and <math><mi>S</mi><mi>U</mi><mo>(</mo><mn>2</mn><msub><mo>)</mo><mi>R</mi></msub><mo>\u00d7</mo><mi>U</mi><mo>(</mo><mn>1</mn><msub><mo>)</mo><msup><mi>Y</mi><mo>\u2032</mo></msup></msub></math> (<math><msub><mi>\u03b8</mi><mi>H</mi></msub><mo>=</mo><mi>\u03c0</mi></math>) phases become almost degenerate above <math><mi>T</mi><mo>\u223c</mo><msub><mi>m</mi><mrow><mi>KK</mi></mrow></msub></math> where <math><msub><mi>m</mi><mrow><mi>KK</mi></mrow></msub></math> is the Kaluza-Klein mass scale (typically around 13 TeV) and <math><msub><mi>\u03b8</mi><mi>H</mi></msub></math> is the Aharonov-Bohm phase along the fifth dimension. The two phases become degenerate at <math><mi>T</mi><mo>=</mo><msubsup><mi>T</mi><mi>c</mi><mrow><mi>LR</mi></mrow></msubsup><mo>\u223c</mo><msub><mi>m</mi><mrow><mi>KK</mi></mrow></msub></math>. As the temperature drops in the evolution of the early Universe the <math><mi>S</mi><mi>U</mi><mo>(</mo><mn>2</mn><msub><mo>)</mo><mi>R</mi></msub><mo>\u00d7</mo><mi>U</mi><mo>(</mo><mn>1</mn><msub><mo>)</mo><msup><mi>Y</mi><mo>\u2032</mo></msup></msub></math> phase becomes unstable. The tunneling rate from the <math><mi>S</mi><mi>U</mi><mo>(</mo><mn>2</mn><msub><mo>)</mo><mi>R</mi></msub><mo>\u00d7</mo><mi>U</mi><mo>(</mo><mn>1</mn><msub><mo>)</mo><msup><mi>Y</mi><mo>\u2032</mo></msup></msub></math> phase to the <math><mi>S</mi><mi>U</mi><mo>(</mo><mn>2</mn><msub><mo>)</mo><mi>L</mi></msub><mo>\u00d7</mo><mi>U</mi><mo>(</mo><mn>1</mn><msub><mo>)</mo><mi>Y</mi></msub></math> phase becomes sizable and a first-order phase transition takes place at <math><mrow><mi>T</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>2.5</mn><mi>\u2013</mi><mn>2.6</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>TeV</mi></mrow></math>. The amount of gravitational waves produced in this left-right phase transition is small, far below the reach of the sensitivity of LISA. A detailed analysis of the <math><mi>S</mi><mi>U</mi><mo>(</mo><mn>2</mn><msub><mo>)</mo><mi>R</mi></msub><mo>\u00d7</mo><mi>U</mi><mo>(</mo><mn>1</mn><msub><mo>)</mo><msup><mi>Y</mi><mo>\u2032</mo></msup></msub></math> phase is also given. It is shown that the <math><mi>W</mi></math> boson, <math><mi>Z</mi></math> boson and photon, with <math><msub><mi>\u03b8</mi><mi>H</mi></msub></math> varying from 0 to <math><mi>\u03c0</mi></math>, are transformed to gauge bosons in the <math><mi>S</mi><mi>U</mi><mo>(</mo><mn>2</mn><msub><mo>)</mo><mi>R</mi></msub><mo>\u00d7</mo><mi>U</mi><mo>(</mo><mn>1</mn><msub><mo>)</mo><msup><mi>Y</mi><mo>\u2032</mo></msup></msub></math> phase. Gauge couplings and wave functions of quarks, leptons, and dark fermions in the <math><mi>S</mi><mi>U</mi><mo>(</mo><mn>2</mn><msub><mo>)</mo><mi>R</mi></msub><mo>\u00d7</mo><mi>U</mi><mo>(</mo><mn>1</mn><msub><mo>)</mo><msup><mi>Y</mi><mo>\u2032</mo></msup></msub></math> phase are determined."
    }
  ], 
  "imprints": [
    {
      "date": "2021-12-20", 
      "publisher": "APS"
    }
  ]
}