Anatomy of Einstein manifolds
Jongmin Park (Department of Physics and Photon Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Korea); Jaewon Shin (Department of Physics and Photon Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Korea); Hyun Seok Yang (Department of Physics and Photon Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Korea)
An Einstein manifold in four dimensions has some configuration of Yang-Mills instantons and anti-instantons associated with it. This fact is based on the fundamental theorems that the four-dimensional Lorentz group Spin(4) is a direct product of two groups and the vector space of 2-forms decomposes into the space of self-dual and anti-self-dual 2-forms. It explains why the four-dimensional spacetime is special for the stability of Einstein manifolds. We now consider whether such a stability of four-dimensional Einstein manifolds can be lifted to a five-dimensional Einstein manifold. The higher-dimensional embedding of four-manifolds from the viewpoint of gauge theory is similar to the grand unification of the Standard Model, since the group must be embedded into the simple group . Our group-theoretic approach reveals the anatomy of Riemannian manifolds quite similar to the quark model of hadrons in which two independent Yang-Mills instantons represent a substructure of Einstein manifolds.