The ultra-high-energy neutrino-nucleon cross section: measurement forecasts for an era of cosmic EeV-neutrino discovery

Víctor Valera (Niels Bohr International Academy, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej, Copenhagen, DK-2100, Denmark) ; Mauricio Bustamante (Niels Bohr International Academy, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej, Copenhagen, DK-2100, Denmark) ; Christian Glaser (Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Lägerhyddsvägen, Uppsala, SE-752 37, Sweden)

Neutrino interactions with protons and neutrons probe their deep structure and may reveal new physics. The higher the neutrino energy, the sharper the probe. So far, the neutrino-nucleon (νN) cross section is known across neutrino energies from a few hundred MeV to a few PeV. Soon, ultra-high-energy (UHE) cosmic neutrinos, with energies above 100 PeV, could take us farther. So far, they have evaded discovery, but upcoming UHE neutrino telescopes endeavor to find them. We present the first detailed measurement forecasts of the UHE νN cross section, geared to IceCube-Gen2, one of the leading detectors under planning. We use state-of-the-art ingredients in every stage of our forecasts: in the UHE neutrino flux predictions, the neutrino propagation inside Earth, the emission of neutrino-induced radio signals in the detector, their propagation and detection, and the treatment of backgrounds. After 10 years, if at least a few tens of UHE neutrino-induced events are detected, IceCube-Gen2 could measure the νN cross section at center-of-mass energies of s $$ \sqrt{s} $$ ≈ 10–100 TeV for the first time, with a precision comparable to that of its theory prediction.

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      "value": "Neutrino interactions with protons and neutrons probe their deep structure and may reveal new physics. The higher the neutrino energy, the sharper the probe. So far, the neutrino-nucleon (\u03bdN) cross section is known across neutrino energies from a few hundred MeV to a few PeV. Soon, ultra-high-energy (UHE) cosmic neutrinos, with energies above 100 PeV, could take us farther. So far, they have evaded discovery, but upcoming UHE neutrino telescopes endeavor to find them. We present the first detailed measurement forecasts of the UHE \u03bdN cross section, geared to IceCube-Gen2, one of the leading detectors under planning. We use state-of-the-art ingredients in every stage of our forecasts: in the UHE neutrino flux predictions, the neutrino propagation inside Earth, the emission of neutrino-induced radio signals in the detector, their propagation and detection, and the treatment of backgrounds. After 10 years, if at least a few tens of UHE neutrino-induced events are detected, IceCube-Gen2 could measure the \u03bdN cross section at center-of-mass energies of   <math> <msqrt> <mi>s</mi> </msqrt> </math>  $$ \\sqrt{s} $$  \u2248 10\u2013100 TeV for the first time, with a precision comparable to that of its theory prediction."
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Published on:
20 June 2022
Publisher:
Springer
Published in:
Journal of High Energy Physics , Volume 2022 (2022)
Issue 6
Pages 1-72
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP06(2022)105
arXiv:
2204.04237
Copyrights:
The Author(s)
Licence:
CC-BY-4.0

Fulltext files: