Density of GeV muons in air showers measured with IceTop

R. Abbasi (Department of Physics, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60660, USA) ; M. Ackermann (DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany) ; J. Adams (Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand) ; J. A. Aguilar (Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium) ; M. Ahlers (Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark) ; et al. - Show all 380 authors

We present a measurement of the density of GeV muons in near-vertical air showers using three years of data recorded by the IceTop array at the South Pole. Depending on the shower size, the muon densities have been measured at lateral distances between 200 and 1000 m. From these lateral distributions, we derive the muon densities as functions of energy at reference distances of 600 and 800 m for primary energies between 2.5 and 40 PeV and between 9 and 120 PeV, respectively. The muon densities are determined using, as a baseline, the hadronic interaction model Sibyll 2.1 together with various composition models. The measurements are consistent with the predicted muon densities within these baseline interaction and composition models. The measured muon densities have also been compared to simulations using the post-LHC models EPOS-LHC and QGSJet-II.04. The result of this comparison is that the post-LHC models together with any given composition model yield higher muon densities than observed. This is in contrast to the observations above 1 EeV where all model simulations yield for any mass composition lower muon densities than the measured ones. The post-LHC models in general feature higher muon densities so that the agreement with experimental data at the highest energies is improved but the muon densities are not correct in the energy range between 2.5 and about 100 PeV.

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    "date": "2022-08-12T00:30:13.337067", 
    "source": "APS", 
    "method": "APS", 
    "submission_number": "e652dcb619d511edb781c266b09ae2bf"
  }, 
  "page_nr": [
    21
  ], 
  "license": [
    {
      "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", 
      "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
    }
  ], 
  "copyright": [
    {
      "statement": "Published by the American Physical Society", 
      "year": "2022"
    }
  ], 
  "control_number": "71950", 
  "collaborations": [
    {
      "value": "IceCube Collaboration"
    }
  ], 
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  "record_creation_date": "2022-08-11T16:30:03.445970", 
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    {
      "primary": "HEP"
    }, 
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      "primary": "Citeable"
    }, 
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  "arxiv_eprints": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "hep-ex", 
        "astro-ph.HE"
      ], 
      "value": "2201.12635"
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  ], 
  "abstracts": [
    {
      "source": "APS", 
      "value": "We present a measurement of the density of GeV muons in near-vertical air showers using three years of data recorded by the IceTop array at the South Pole. Depending on the shower size, the muon densities have been measured at lateral distances between 200 and 1000 m. From these lateral distributions, we derive the muon densities as functions of energy at reference distances of 600 and 800 m for primary energies between 2.5 and 40 PeV and between 9 and 120 PeV, respectively. The muon densities are determined using, as a baseline, the hadronic interaction model Sibyll 2.1 together with various composition models. The measurements are consistent with the predicted muon densities within these baseline interaction and composition models. The measured muon densities have also been compared to simulations using the post-LHC models EPOS-LHC and QGSJet-II.04. The result of this comparison is that the post-LHC models together with any given composition model yield higher muon densities than observed. This is in contrast to the observations above 1 EeV where all model simulations yield for any mass composition lower muon densities than the measured ones. The post-LHC models in general feature higher muon densities so that the agreement with experimental data at the highest energies is improved but the muon densities are not correct in the energy range between 2.5 and about 100 PeV."
    }
  ], 
  "imprints": [
    {
      "date": "2022-08-11", 
      "publisher": "APS"
    }
  ]
}
Published on:
11 August 2022
Publisher:
APS
Published in:
Physical Review D , Volume 106 (2022)
Issue 3
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.106.032010
arXiv:
2201.12635
Copyrights:
Published by the American Physical Society
Licence:
CC-BY-4.0

Fulltext files: