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  "authors": [
    {
      "raw_name": "Petr Ho\u0159ava", 
      "affiliations": [
        {
          "country": "USA", 
          "value": "Berkeley Center for Theoretical Physics and Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA and Theoretical Physics Group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720-8162, USA"
        }
      ], 
      "surname": "Ho\u0159ava", 
      "given_names": "Petr", 
      "full_name": "Ho\u0159ava, Petr"
    }, 
    {
      "raw_name": "Christopher J. Mogni", 
      "affiliations": [
        {
          "country": "USA", 
          "value": "Berkeley Center for Theoretical Physics and Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA and Theoretical Physics Group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720-8162, USA"
        }
      ], 
      "surname": "Mogni", 
      "given_names": "Christopher J.", 
      "full_name": "Mogni, Christopher J."
    }
  ], 
  "titles": [
    {
      "source": "APS", 
      "title": "Keldysh rotation in the large-<math><mi>N</mi></math> expansion and string theory out of equilibrium"
    }
  ], 
  "dois": [
    {
      "value": "10.1103/PhysRevD.106.106014"
    }
  ], 
  "publication_info": [
    {
      "journal_volume": "106", 
      "journal_title": "Physical Review D", 
      "material": "article", 
      "journal_issue": "10", 
      "year": 2022
    }
  ], 
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    "submission_number": "22e457b466d811eda33ab6e03099cfc1"
  }, 
  "page_nr": [
    16
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      "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", 
      "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
    }
  ], 
  "copyright": [
    {
      "statement": "Published by the American Physical Society", 
      "year": "2022"
    }
  ], 
  "control_number": "73965", 
  "record_creation_date": "2022-11-17T16:30:04.080664", 
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  "collections": [
    {
      "primary": "HEP"
    }, 
    {
      "primary": "Citeable"
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    {
      "primary": "Published"
    }
  ], 
  "arxiv_eprints": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "hep-th", 
        "cond-mat.other", 
        "hep-ph", 
        "math-ph", 
        "math.MP", 
        "quant-ph"
      ], 
      "value": "2010.10671"
    }
  ], 
  "abstracts": [
    {
      "source": "APS", 
      "value": "We extend our study of the large-<math><mi>N</mi></math> expansion of general nonequilibrium many-body systems with matrix degrees of freedom <math><mi>M</mi></math>, and its dual description as a sum over surface topologies in a dual string theory, to the Keldysh-rotated version of the Schwinger-Keldysh formalism. The Keldysh rotation trades the original fields <math><msub><mi>M</mi><mo>\u00b1</mo></msub></math>\u2014defined as the values of <math><mi>M</mi></math> on the forward and backward segments of the closed time contour\u2014for their linear combinations <math><msub><mi>M</mi><mi>cl</mi></msub></math> and <math><msub><mi>M</mi><mi>qu</mi></msub></math>, known as the \u201cclassical\u201d and \u201cquantum\u201d fields. First we develop a novel \u201csignpost\u201d notation for nonequilibrium Feynman diagrams in the Keldysh-rotated form, which simplifies the analysis considerably. Before the Keldysh rotation, each world-sheet surface <math><mi>\u03a3</mi></math> in the dual string theory expansion was found to exhibit a triple decomposition into the parts <math><msup><mi>\u03a3</mi><mo>\u00b1</mo></msup></math> corresponding to the forward and backward segments of the closed time contour, and <math><msup><mi>\u03a3</mi><mo>\u2227</mo></msup></math> which corresponds to the instant in time where the two segments meet. After the Keldysh rotation, we find that the world-sheet surface <math><mi>\u03a3</mi></math> of the dual string theory undergoes a very different natural decomposition: <math><mi>\u03a3</mi></math> consists of a \u201cclassical\u201d part <math><msup><mi>\u03a3</mi><mi>cl</mi></msup></math> and a \u201cquantum embellishment\u201d part <math><msup><mi>\u03a3</mi><mi>qu</mi></msup></math>. We show that both parts of <math><mi>\u03a3</mi></math> carry their own independent genus expansion. The nonequilibrium sum over world-sheet topologies is naturally refined into a sum over the double decomposition of each <math><mi>\u03a3</mi></math> into its classical and quantum part. We apply this picture to the classical limits of the quantum nonequilibrium system (with or without interactions with a thermal bath), and find that in these limits, the dual string perturbation theory expansion reduces to its appropriately defined classical limit."
    }
  ], 
  "imprints": [
    {
      "date": "2022-11-17", 
      "publisher": "APS"
    }
  ]
}