Constraining new physics in entangled two-qubit systems: top-quark, tau-lepton and photon pairs

Marco Fabbrichesi (INFN, Sezione di Trieste, Via Valerio 2, Trieste, 34127, Italy) ; Roberto Floreanini (INFN, Sezione di Trieste, Via Valerio 2, Trieste, 34127, Italy) ; Emidio Gabrielli (INFN, Sezione di Trieste, Via Valerio 2, Trieste, 34127, Italy; Physics Department, University of Trieste, Strada Costiera 11, Trieste, 34151, Italy; NICPB, Ravala 10, Tallinn, 10143, Estonia)

The measurement of quantum entanglement can provide a new and most sensitive probe to physics beyond the Standard Model. We use the concurrence of the top-quark pair spin states produced at colliders to constrain the magnetic dipole term in the coupling between top quark and gluons, that of $$\tau $$ τ -lepton pair spin states to bound contact interactions and that of $$\tau $$ τ -lepton pairs or two-photons spin states from the decay of the Higgs boson in trying to distinguish between CP-even and odd couplings. These four examples show the power of the new approach as well as its limitations. We show that differences in the entanglement in the top-quark and $$\tau $$ τ -lepton pair production cross sections can provide constraints better than those previously estimated from total cross sections or classical correlations. Instead, the final states in the decays of the Higgs boson remain maximally entangled even in the presence of CP-odd couplings and cannot be used to set bounds on new physics. We discuss the violation of Bell inequalities featured in all four processes.

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      "source": "Springer", 
      "value": "The measurement of quantum entanglement can provide a new and most sensitive probe to physics beyond the Standard Model. We use the concurrence of the top-quark pair spin states produced at colliders to constrain the magnetic dipole term in the coupling between top quark and gluons, that of  $$\\tau $$  <math> <mi>\u03c4</mi> </math>  -lepton pair spin states to bound contact interactions and that of  $$\\tau $$  <math> <mi>\u03c4</mi> </math>  -lepton pairs or two-photons spin states from the decay of the Higgs boson in trying to distinguish between CP-even and odd couplings. These four examples show the power of the new approach as well as its limitations. We show that differences in the entanglement in the top-quark and  $$\\tau $$  <math> <mi>\u03c4</mi> </math>  -lepton pair production cross sections can provide constraints better than those previously estimated from total cross sections or classical correlations. Instead, the final states in the decays of the Higgs boson remain maximally entangled even in the presence of CP-odd couplings and cannot be used to set bounds on new physics. We discuss the violation of Bell inequalities featured in all four processes."
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Published on:
19 February 2023
Publisher:
Springer
Published in:
European Physical Journal C , Volume 83 (2023)
Issue 2
Pages 1-24
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-023-11307-2
arXiv:
2208.11723
Copyrights:
The Author(s)
Licence:
CC-BY-4.0

Fulltext files: