Higgs boson induced reheating and ultraviolet frozen-in dark matter

Aqeel Ahmed (Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, Heidelberg, 69117, Germany) ; Bohdan Grzadkowski (Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, Warsaw, 02-093, Poland) ; Anna Socha (Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, Warsaw, 02-093, Poland)

A reheating phase in the early universe is an essential part of all inflationary models during which not only the Standard Model (SM) quanta are produced but it can also shed light on the production of dark matter. In this work, we explore a class of reheating models where the reheating is induced by a cubic interaction of the inflaton ϕ to the SM Higgs boson h of the form g hϕ M Pl ϕ|h|2 adopting the α-attractor T-model of inflation. Assuming inflaton as a background field such interaction implies a ϕ-dependent mass term of the Higgs boson and a non-trivial phase-space suppression of the reheating efficiency. As a consequence, the reheating is prolonged and the maximal temperature of the SM thermal bath is reduced. In particular, due to oscillations of the inflaton field the ϕ-dependent Higgs boson mass results in periodic transitions between phases of broken and unbroken electroweak gauge symmetry. The consequences of these rapid phase transitions have been studied in detail. A purely gravitational reheating mechanism in the presence of the inflaton background, i.e., for g hϕ = 0, has also been investigated. It turned out that even though it may account for the total production of SM radiation in the absence of g hϕ , its contribution to the reheating is subdominant for the range of g hϕ considered in this work. Approximate analytical solutions of Boltzmann equations for energy densities of the inflaton and SM radiation have been obtained. As a dark matter candidate a massive Abelian vector boson, X μ , has been considered. Various production mechanisms of X μ have been discussed including (i) purely gravitational production from the inflaton background, (ii) gravitational freeze-in from the SM quanta, (iii) inflaton decay through a dim-5 effective operator, and (iv) Higgs portal freeze-in and Higgs decay through a dim-6 effective operator. Parameters that properly describe the observed relic abundance have been determined.

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      "source": "Springer", 
      "value": "A reheating phase in the early universe is an essential part of all inflationary models during which not only the Standard Model (SM) quanta are produced but it can also shed light on the production of dark matter. In this work, we explore a class of reheating models where the reheating is induced by a cubic interaction of the inflaton \u03d5 to the SM Higgs boson h of the form g  h\u03d5  M Pl \u03d5|h|2 adopting the \u03b1-attractor T-model of inflation. Assuming inflaton as a background field such interaction implies a \u03d5-dependent mass term of the Higgs boson and a non-trivial phase-space suppression of the reheating efficiency. As a consequence, the reheating is prolonged and the maximal temperature of the SM thermal bath is reduced. In particular, due to oscillations of the inflaton field the \u03d5-dependent Higgs boson mass results in periodic transitions between phases of broken and unbroken electroweak gauge symmetry. The consequences of these rapid phase transitions have been studied in detail. A purely gravitational reheating mechanism in the presence of the inflaton background, i.e., for g  h\u03d5  = 0, has also been investigated. It turned out that even though it may account for the total production of SM radiation in the absence of g  h\u03d5 , its contribution to the reheating is subdominant for the range of g  h\u03d5  considered in this work. Approximate analytical solutions of Boltzmann equations for energy densities of the inflaton and SM radiation have been obtained. As a dark matter candidate a massive Abelian vector boson, X  \u03bc , has been considered. Various production mechanisms of X  \u03bc  have been discussed including (i) purely gravitational production from the inflaton background, (ii) gravitational freeze-in from the SM quanta, (iii) inflaton decay through a dim-5 effective operator, and (iv) Higgs portal freeze-in and Higgs decay through a dim-6 effective operator. Parameters that properly describe the observed relic abundance have been determined."
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Published on:
20 February 2023
Publisher:
Springer
Published in:
Journal of High Energy Physics , Volume 2023 (2023)
Issue 2
Pages 1-74
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP02(2023)196
arXiv:
2207.11218
Copyrights:
The Author(s)
Licence:
CC-BY-4.0

Fulltext files: