SIMPly add a dark photon

Pieter Braat (Theory Group, Nikhef, Science Park 105, Amsterdam, 1098 XG, The Netherlands; Institute of Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam, 1098 XH, The Netherlands) ; Marieke Postma (Theory Group, Nikhef, Science Park 105, Amsterdam, 1098 XG, The Netherlands; Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen, The Netherlands)

Pions of a dark sector gauge group can be strongly interacting massive particle (SIMP) dark matter, produced by the freeze-out of 3 → 2 interactions, with naturally large self-interactions. We study if adding a dark photon to the set-up can do it all: i) maintain thermalization with the visible sector, ii) resonantly enhance the 3 → 2 interactions, thus allowing for a perturbative pion description, and iii) provide a velocity dependent self-interaction that can affect small scale structure formation. For N f = 3 this minimal setup is marginally excluded, as the required kinetic mixing is too small to maintain thermal equilibrium with the SM. Adding an extra dark quark opens up parameter space, and — perhaps somewhat surprisingly — we find that all bounds can be satisfied for dark pion masses m π ∼ 250 − 600 MeV. Dropping the small scale structure requirement iii), a viable setup is reproduced for dark charges of α d = 0.01 − 1 and a dark pion mass m π ≥ 30 MeV. Late time annihilations are non-negligible making the SIMP dark pion a bit WIMPy.

{
  "_oai": {
    "updated": "2023-06-24T00:31:59Z", 
    "id": "oai:repo.scoap3.org:76736", 
    "sets": [
      "JHEP"
    ]
  }, 
  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        {
          "country": "Netherlands", 
          "value": "Theory Group, Nikhef, Science Park 105, Amsterdam, 1098 XG, The Netherlands", 
          "organization": "Theory Group, Nikhef"
        }, 
        {
          "country": "Netherlands", 
          "value": "Institute of Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam, 1098 XH, The Netherlands", 
          "organization": "University of Amsterdam"
        }
      ], 
      "surname": "Braat", 
      "email": "pbraat@nikhef.nl", 
      "full_name": "Braat, Pieter", 
      "given_names": "Pieter"
    }, 
    {
      "affiliations": [
        {
          "country": "Netherlands", 
          "value": "Theory Group, Nikhef, Science Park 105, Amsterdam, 1098 XG, The Netherlands", 
          "organization": "Theory Group, Nikhef"
        }, 
        {
          "country": "Netherlands", 
          "value": "Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen, The Netherlands", 
          "organization": "Radboud University Nijmegen"
        }
      ], 
      "surname": "Postma", 
      "email": "mpostma@nikhef.nl", 
      "full_name": "Postma, Marieke", 
      "given_names": "Marieke"
    }
  ], 
  "titles": [
    {
      "source": "Springer", 
      "title": "SIMPly add a dark photon"
    }
  ], 
  "dois": [
    {
      "value": "10.1007/JHEP03(2023)216"
    }
  ], 
  "publication_info": [
    {
      "page_end": "36", 
      "journal_title": "Journal of High Energy Physics", 
      "material": "article", 
      "journal_volume": "2023", 
      "artid": "JHEP03(2023)216", 
      "year": 2023, 
      "page_start": "1", 
      "journal_issue": "3"
    }
  ], 
  "$schema": "http://repo.scoap3.org/schemas/hep.json", 
  "acquisition_source": {
    "date": "2023-06-24T00:31:14.252263", 
    "source": "Springer", 
    "method": "Springer", 
    "submission_number": "40dbafc0122611ee91ac6ee2827c7def"
  }, 
  "page_nr": [
    36
  ], 
  "license": [
    {
      "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses//by/4.0", 
      "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
    }
  ], 
  "copyright": [
    {
      "holder": "The Author(s)", 
      "year": "2023"
    }
  ], 
  "control_number": "76736", 
  "record_creation_date": "2023-03-29T06:30:07.243780", 
  "_files": [
    {
      "checksum": "md5:36228437cc717f76f73c856d73d8a322", 
      "filetype": "xml", 
      "bucket": "4d4d99cf-fb68-42b3-9325-592b962ef492", 
      "version_id": "9197f61f-df0e-4e8b-b84f-933476065eba", 
      "key": "10.1007/JHEP03(2023)216.xml", 
      "size": 12521
    }, 
    {
      "checksum": "md5:7203f81fcf9da4888c99d595258a80db", 
      "filetype": "pdf/a", 
      "bucket": "4d4d99cf-fb68-42b3-9325-592b962ef492", 
      "version_id": "2dcfc462-ea65-4eed-852d-c2cf837d6de4", 
      "key": "10.1007/JHEP03(2023)216_a.pdf", 
      "size": 722278
    }
  ], 
  "collections": [
    {
      "primary": "Journal of High Energy Physics"
    }
  ], 
  "arxiv_eprints": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "hep-ph", 
        "astro-ph.CO"
      ], 
      "value": "2301.04513"
    }
  ], 
  "abstracts": [
    {
      "source": "Springer", 
      "value": "Pions of a dark sector gauge group can be strongly interacting massive particle (SIMP) dark matter, produced by the freeze-out of 3 \u2192 2 interactions, with naturally large self-interactions. We study if adding a dark photon to the set-up can do it all: i) maintain thermalization with the visible sector, ii) resonantly enhance the 3 \u2192 2 interactions, thus allowing for a perturbative pion description, and iii) provide a velocity dependent self-interaction that can affect small scale structure formation. For N  f  = 3 this minimal setup is marginally excluded, as the required kinetic mixing is too small to maintain thermal equilibrium with the SM. Adding an extra dark quark opens up parameter space, and \u2014 perhaps somewhat surprisingly \u2014 we find that all bounds can be satisfied for dark pion masses m  \u03c0  \u223c 250 \u2212 600 MeV. Dropping the small scale structure requirement iii), a viable setup is reproduced for dark charges of \u03b1  d  = 0.01 \u2212 1 and a dark pion mass m  \u03c0  \u2265 30 MeV. Late time annihilations are non-negligible making the SIMP dark pion a bit WIMPy."
    }
  ], 
  "imprints": [
    {
      "date": "2023-03-28", 
      "publisher": "Springer"
    }
  ]
}
Published on:
28 March 2023
Publisher:
Springer
Published in:
Journal of High Energy Physics , Volume 2023 (2023)
Issue 3
Pages 1-36
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP03(2023)216
arXiv:
2301.04513
Copyrights:
The Author(s)
Licence:
CC-BY-4.0

Fulltext files: