Constraining über gravity with recent observations and studying the $$H_0$$ problem
Gustavo Valdez (Grupo de Física Teórica, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Ciudad Universitaria, Cercado de Lima, 15081, Peru); Claudia Quintanilla (Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de San Agustín, Arequipa, 04000, Peru); Miguel García-Aspeitia (Depto. de Física y Matemáticas, Universidad Iberoamericana Ciudad de México, Prolongación Paseo de la Reforma 880, Mexico, DF, 01219, Mexico); A. Hernández-Almada (Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Centro Universitario Cerro de las Campanas, Santiago de Querétaro, 76010, Mexico); V. Motta (Instituto de Física y Astronomía, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaiso, Avda. Gran Bretaña 1111, Chile)
This paper studies both $$\Lambda $$ CDM and CDM models under the über gravity theory, named ü $$\Lambda $$ CDM and üCDM respectively. We report bounds over their parameter phase-space using several cosmological data, in particular, the recent Pantheon+ sample. Based on the joint analysis, the best fit value of the über characteristic parameter is $$z_\oplus = 0.046^{+0.047}_{-0.032}$$ and $$z_\oplus = 1.382^{+0.020}_{-0.021}$$ at 68% confidence level for ü $$\Lambda $$ CDM and üCDM respectively. Although über gravity can successfully mimics the cosmological constant, we find that the $$\mathbb {H}0(z)$$ diagnostic suggests the $$H_0$$ tension is not alleviated. Finally, both models are statistically compared with $$\Lambda $$ CDM through the Akaike and Bayesian information criteria. Both über gravity models and $$\Lambda $$ CDM are equally preferred for most of the single samples, in particular, ü $$\Lambda $$ CDM is not rejected by the CMB data. However, there is strong evidence against them for the joint analysis.