What can be measured asymptotically?

Simon Caron-Huot (Department of Physics, McGill University, 3600 Rue University, Montréal, QC, H3A 2T8, Canada; Institute for Advanced Study, Einstein Drive, Princeton, NJ, 08540, USA) ; Mathieu Giroux (Department of Physics, McGill University, 3600 Rue University, Montréal, QC, H3A 2T8, Canada) ; Holmfridur Hannesdottir (Institute for Advanced Study, Einstein Drive, Princeton, NJ, 08540, USA) ; Sebastian Mizera (Institute for Advanced Study, Einstein Drive, Princeton, NJ, 08540, USA)

We consider asymptotic observables in quantum field theories in which the S-matrix makes sense. We argue that in addition to scattering amplitudes, a whole compendium of inclusive observables exists where the time-ordering is relaxed. These include expectation values of electromagnetic or gravitational radiation fields as well as out-of-time-order amplitudes. We explain how to calculate them in two ways: by relating them to amplitudes and products of amplitudes, and by using a generalization of the LSZ reduction formula. As an application, we discuss one-loop master integrals contributing to gravitational radiation in the post-Minkowski expansion, emphasizing the role of classical cut contributions and highlighting the different infrared physics of in-in observables.

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      "surname": "Hannesdottir", 
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Published on:
24 January 2024
Publisher:
Springer
Published in:
Journal of High Energy Physics , Volume 2024 (2024)
Issue 1
Pages 1-63
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP01(2024)139
arXiv:
2308.02125
Copyrights:
The Author(s)
Licence:
CC-BY-4.0

Fulltext files: