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  "authors": [
    {
      "affiliations": [
        {
          "country": "China", 
          "value": "School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China", 
          "organization": "Zhengzhou University"
        }, 
        {
          "country": "Netherlands", 
          "value": "Institute Lorentz, Leiden University, Leiden, 2300 RA, The Netherlands", 
          "organization": "Leiden University"
        }
      ], 
      "surname": "Ye", 
      "email": "ye@lorentz.leidenuniv.nl", 
      "full_name": "Ye, Gen", 
      "given_names": "Gen"
    }, 
    {
      "affiliations": [
        {
          "country": "Poland", 
          "value": "Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, 30-348, Poland", 
          "organization": "Jagiellonian University"
        }
      ], 
      "surname": "Zhu", 
      "email": "mian.zhu@uj.edu.pl", 
      "full_name": "Zhu, Mian", 
      "given_names": "Mian"
    }, 
    {
      "affiliations": [
        {
          "country": "China", 
          "value": "School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China", 
          "organization": "Zhengzhou University"
        }
      ], 
      "surname": "Cai", 
      "email": "caiyong@zzu.edu.cn", 
      "full_name": "Cai, Yong", 
      "given_names": "Yong"
    }
  ], 
  "titles": [
    {
      "source": "Springer", 
      "title": "Null energy condition violation during inflation and pulsar timing array observations"
    }
  ], 
  "dois": [
    {
      "value": "10.1007/JHEP02(2024)008"
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      "journal_title": "Journal of High Energy Physics", 
      "material": "article", 
      "journal_volume": "2024", 
      "artid": "JHEP02(2024)008", 
      "year": 2024, 
      "page_start": "1", 
      "journal_issue": "2"
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    "source": "Springer", 
    "method": "Springer", 
    "submission_number": "a024d7ea2d8711ef9fecbe60ec5a7b90"
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  "page_nr": [
    23
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  "license": [
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      "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses//by/4.0", 
      "license": "CC-BY-4.0"
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  "copyright": [
    {
      "holder": "The Author(s)", 
      "year": "2024"
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  "control_number": "83173", 
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  "abstracts": [
    {
      "source": "Springer", 
      "value": "Recently, evidence of stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB) signals observed by pulsar timing array (PTA) collaborations, has prompted investigations into their origins. We explore the compatibility of a proposed inflationary scenario, incorporating an intermediate null energy condition (NEC)-violating phase, with the PTA observations. The NEC violation potentially amplifies the primordial tensor power spectrum, offering a promising explanation for PTA observations. Numerical analyses, primarily focused on NANOGrav\u2019s 15-year results, reveal the model\u2019s compatibility with PTA data. Notably, the model predicts a nearly scale-invariant GW spectrum in the mHz frequency range, which sets our scenario apart from other interpretations predicting a red primordial GW spectrum on smaller scales."
    }
  ], 
  "imprints": [
    {
      "date": "2024-02-01", 
      "publisher": "Springer"
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