Exact modulated hadronic tubes and layers at finite volume in a cloud of And Mesons
Gonzalo Barriga (Departamento de Física, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile, Centro de Estudios Científicos (CECS), Casilla 1469, Valdivia, Chile); Matías Torres (Dipartimento di Fisica “E. Pancini”, Università di Napoli Federico II, INFN sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo Edificio 6, via Cintia, Napoli, Italy); Aldo Vera (Instituto de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Arturo Prat, Playa Brava 3256, Iquique, Chile, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Arturo Prat, Avenida Arturo Prat Chacón 2120, Iquique, Chile)
We construct topological soliton solutions describing baryonic tubes and layers with modulation in the non-linear sigma model coupled with ω-mesons in dimensions. Using appropriate Ansäntze for the pionic matter field and the ω-mesons vector potential, the complete set of seven coupled partial differential equations can be solved analytically. These solutions represent modulated tubes and layers at finite volume with arbitrary baryon number, where the modulation of the solitons in one direction is determined by one of the three degrees of freedom of the pionic field, satisfying the equation of a two-dimensional free massless chiral scalar field. As expected, the inclusion of the ω-mesons to the non-linear sigma model allows to reduce the repulsion energy between baryons, which leads to a flattening of the tubes and layers in one direction, forming a kind of “nuclear linguine phase”. Also, we show that this construction can be carried out even when higher order terms in the large expansion are included -in particular the Skyrme term- without spoiling the integrability of the field equations.