Muon-induced background in a next-generation dark matter experiment based on liquid xenon

Viktor Pěč (Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7RH, UK; FZU-Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 182 00, Czech Republic) ; Vitaly Kudryavtsev (Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7RH, UK) ; Henrique Araújo (Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK) ; Timothy Sumner (Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK)

Muon-induced neutrons can lead to potentially irreducible backgrounds in rare event search experiments. We have investigated the implication of laboratory depth on the muon-induced background in a future dark matter experiment capable of reaching the so-called neutrino floor. Our simulation study focused on a xenon-based detector with 70 tonnes of active mass, surrounded by additional veto systems plus a water shield. Two locations at the Boulby Underground Laboratory (UK) were analysed as examples: an experimental cavern in salt at a depth of 2850 m w. e. (similar to the location of the existing laboratory), and a deeper laboratory located in polyhalite rock at a depth of 3575 m w. e. Our results show that no cosmogenic background events are likely to survive standard analysis cuts for 10 years of operation at either location. The largest background component we identified comes from beta-delayed neutron emission from $$^{17}$$ 17 N which is produced from $$^{19}$$ 19 F in the fluoropolymer components of the experiment. Our results confirm that a dark matter search with sensitivity to the neutrino floor is viable (from the point of view of cosmogenic backgrounds) in underground laboratories at these levels of rock overburden. This work was conducted in 2019–21 in the context of a feasibility study to investigate the possibility of developing the Boulby Underground Laboratory to host a next-generation dark matter experiment; however, our findings are also relevant for other underground laboratories.

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      "source": "Springer", 
      "value": "Muon-induced neutrons can lead to potentially irreducible backgrounds in rare event search experiments. We have investigated the implication of laboratory depth on the muon-induced background in a future dark matter experiment capable of reaching the so-called neutrino floor. Our simulation study focused on a xenon-based detector with 70 tonnes of active mass, surrounded by additional veto systems plus a water shield. Two locations at the Boulby Underground Laboratory (UK) were analysed as examples: an experimental cavern in salt at a depth of 2850 m w. e. (similar to the location of the existing laboratory), and a deeper laboratory located in polyhalite rock at a depth of 3575 m w. e. Our results show that no cosmogenic background events are likely to survive standard analysis cuts for 10 years of operation at either location. The largest background component we identified comes from beta-delayed neutron emission from  $$^{17}$$  <math> <msup> <mrow></mrow> <mn>17</mn> </msup> </math>  N which is produced from  $$^{19}$$  <math> <msup> <mrow></mrow> <mn>19</mn> </msup> </math>  F in the fluoropolymer components of the experiment. Our results confirm that a dark matter search with sensitivity to the neutrino floor is viable (from the point of view of cosmogenic backgrounds) in underground laboratories at these levels of rock overburden. This work was conducted in 2019\u201321 in the context of a feasibility study to investigate the possibility of developing the Boulby Underground Laboratory to host a next-generation dark matter experiment; however, our findings are also relevant for other underground laboratories."
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Published on:
09 May 2024
Publisher:
Springer
Published in:
European Physical Journal C , Volume 84 (2024)
Issue 5
Pages 1-16
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-024-12768-9
arXiv:
2310.16586
Copyrights:
The Author(s)
Licence:
CC-BY-4.0

Fulltext files: