Sound velocity peak induced by the chiral partner in dense two-color QCD

Mamiya Kawaguchi (School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China) ; Daiki Suenaga (Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University, Ibaraki 567-0048, Japan; Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute for the Origin of Particles and the Universe, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan)

Recently, the peak structure of the sound velocity was observed in the lattice simulation of two-color and two-flavor QCD at the finite quark chemical potential. The comparison with the chiral perturbation theory (ChPT) result was undertaken; however, the ChPT failed in reproducing the peak structure. In this study, to extend the ChPT framework, we incorporate contributions of the σ meson, that is identified as the chiral partner of pions, on top of the low-energy pion dynamics by using the linear sigma model (LSM). Based on the LSM, we derive analytic expressions of the thermodynamic quantities as well as the sound velocity within a mean-field approximation. As a result, we find that those quantities are provided by sums of the ChPT results and corrections, where the latter is characterized by a mass difference between the chiral partners, the σ meson and pion. The chiral partner contributions are found to yield a peak in the sound velocity successfully. We furthermore show that the sound velocity peak emerges only when mσ>3mπ and μq>mπ, with mσ(π) and μq being the σ meson (pion) mass and the quark chemical potential, respectively. The correlation between the sound velocity peak and the sign of the trace anomaly is also addressed.

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  "abstracts": [
    {
      "source": "APS", 
      "value": "Recently, the peak structure of the sound velocity was observed in the lattice simulation of two-color and two-flavor QCD at the finite quark chemical potential. The comparison with the chiral perturbation theory (ChPT) result was undertaken; however, the ChPT failed in reproducing the peak structure. In this study, to extend the ChPT framework, we incorporate contributions of the <math><mi>\u03c3</mi></math> meson, that is identified as the chiral partner of pions, on top of the low-energy pion dynamics by using the linear sigma model (LSM). Based on the LSM, we derive analytic expressions of the thermodynamic quantities as well as the sound velocity within a mean-field approximation. As a result, we find that those quantities are provided by sums of the ChPT results and corrections, where the latter is characterized by a mass difference between the chiral partners, the <math><mi>\u03c3</mi></math> meson and pion. The chiral partner contributions are found to yield a peak in the sound velocity successfully. We furthermore show that the sound velocity peak emerges only when <math><msub><mi>m</mi><mi>\u03c3</mi></msub><mo>&gt;</mo><msqrt><mn>3</mn></msqrt><msub><mi>m</mi><mi>\u03c0</mi></msub></math> and <math><msub><mi>\u03bc</mi><mi>q</mi></msub><mo>&gt;</mo><msub><mi>m</mi><mi>\u03c0</mi></msub></math>, with <math><msub><mi>m</mi><mrow><mi>\u03c3</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>\u03c0</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></msub></math> and <math><msub><mi>\u03bc</mi><mi>q</mi></msub></math> being the <math><mi>\u03c3</mi></math> meson (pion) mass and the quark chemical potential, respectively. The correlation between the sound velocity peak and the sign of the trace anomaly is also addressed."
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Published on:
23 May 2024
Publisher:
APS
Published in:
Physical Review D , Volume 109 (2024)
Issue 9
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.109.096034
arXiv:
2402.00430
Copyrights:
Published by the American Physical Society
Licence:
CC-BY-4.0

Fulltext files: