In the present study, we investigate the quasibound states and scalar cloud of relativistic charged scalar fields bound to a Kerr–Newman black hole. We present the exact eigensolutions of the governing Klein–Gordon equation with non-minimal coupling in the black hole background. By imposing boundary conditions on the quasibound states, we are able to find the exact complex quasibound state frequencies of the corresponding radial wave functions in terms of the confluent Heun polynomial. The quantization formula obtained here allows us to determine the exact resonance frequency of a charged scalar cloud, thereby revisiting and extending the earlier result derived through the asymptotic matching approach. Our analysis shows that a stationary configuration can exist only when the charge coupling satisfies $$qr_Q<0$$ . In this case, the scalar cloud remains stationary due to a flux balance: an outgoing flux from the Cauchy horizon compensates for the ingoing particle flux at the event horizon. This mechanism distinguishes scalar clouds from ordinary quasibound states, where such a compensating flux is absent.

Thailand

David Senjaya

Revisiting Kerr–Newman black hole’s charged scalar cloud: flux balance

In this paper, we identify a novel topological subclass, dubbed <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mover accent="true"><mi>W</mi><mo stretchy="false">˜</mo></mover><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup></math>, in the thermodynamics of higher odd-dimensional, multiply rotating Kerr anti–de Sitter (AdS) black holes. This discovery extends the established topological classification beyond the five classes and two subclasses previously known. The <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mover accent="true"><mi>W</mi><mo stretchy="false">˜</mo></mover><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup></math> subclass exhibits a unique and previously unreported stability profile: it admits a thermodynamically stable small black hole state in the low-temperature limit, while in the high-temperature limit, the phase space simultaneously contains one stable large black hole, one stable small black hole, and one unstable small black hole state. Our analysis, which treats black hole solutions as topological defects, reveals a richer landscape of black hole thermodynamics than previously understood and necessitates an expansion of the topological classification scheme to accommodate this new phenomenology.

China

Wangyu Ai

Di Wu

<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mover accent="true"><mi>W</mi><mo stretchy="false">˜</mo></mover><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup></math> subclass: Extending the topological classification of black hole thermodynamics

The standard model (SM) of particle physics effectively explains most observed phenomena, though some anomalies, especially in the neutrino sector, suggest the need for extensions. In this Letter, we perform the first global fit of elastic neutrino-nucleus and neutrino-electron scattering data to further test the SM within a consistent framework. Our results on the neutrino charge radius, the only nonzero electromagnetic property of neutrinos in the SM, show no significant deviation, indicating no large beyond the SM flavor-dependent effects for electron and muon neutrinos. By incorporating solar neutrino data from dark matter direct detection experiments, we also place the most stringent constraints on the tau neutrino charge radius obtained from neutrino scattering experiments. Additionally, we determine updated constraints on the vector and axial-vector neutrino-electron neutral current couplings, adjusting for flavor-dependent effects and for the different experimental momentum transfers. The global analysis reveals two allowed solutions: one close to the SM prediction, and a degenerate solution that is favored. We show that future dark matter detectors could achieve sufficient precision to resolve the degeneracy. As we move toward the precision era, this Letter demonstrates the crucial need to properly account for flavor- and momentum-dependent effects to avoid misinterpretations of the data.

Italy

M. Atzori Corona

M. Cadeddu

N. Cargioli

F. Dordei

C. Giunti

C.A. Ternes

Standard Model Tested with Neutrinos

We investigate the high-energy behavior of the total cross section, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>σ</mi><mi>tot</mi></msub></math>, and the ratio of the real to imaginary parts of the scattering amplitude, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>ρ</mi></math>, in both proton-proton and antiproton-proton channels. Our analysis is based on a QCD-inspired model in which the rise of the cross sections is predominantly driven by semihard processes involving gluons. We address the tension between measurements from ATLAS/ALFA and TOTEM Collaborations, showing that independent analyses of their datasets can provide statistically consistent descriptions of the overall data, even though they do not fully reproduce the central values of the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>ρ</mi></math> parameter at <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msqrt><mi>s</mi></msqrt><mo>=</mo><mn>13</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>TeV</mi></math>. The slight discrepancy between these central values and the model’s predicted values, obtained using an asymptotic dominant crossing-even elastic scattering amplitude, points to the potential presence of an odd component in the semihard amplitude at high energies.

Brazil

T.V. Iser

E.G.S. Luna

Semihard interactions at TeV energies

We investigate thermal properties of a <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>U</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>1</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math> lattice gauge theory in <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mn>1</mn><mo>+</mo><mn>1</mn></math> dimensions through real-time simulations. We extract the spectral functions directly coupling to the pseudoscalar and scalar mesons, demonstrating the thermal modifications of these states with increasing temperatures. Introducing the notion of energy-flow operators, we quantify the temporal buildup of correlations in the energy flows across the lattice. We demonstrate that energy-energy correlators fail to factorize to products of energy flows, both in the vacuum and at nonzero temperature, indicating the presence of nontrivial correlations in the quantum states. Our results constitute a first real-time ab initio study of bound-state thermal broadening and finite temperature energy-flow correlations in a gauge theory, providing a benchmark for future studies of hadronic matter under extreme conditions.

CERN

João Barata

United States

David Frenklakh

Swagato Mukherjee

Thermal modifications of mesons and energy-energy correlators from real-time simulations of a <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mi>U</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>1</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math> lattice gauge theory

We perform a theoretical study of the decay process <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi mathvariant="normal">ϒ</mi><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><msup><mi>D</mi><mo>−</mo></msup><msup><mover accent="true"><mi>B</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover><mn>0</mn></msup><msubsup><mi>D</mi><mi>s</mi><mo>+</mo></msubsup></math> in search of the doubly heavy tetraquark states <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>T</mi><mrow><mi>b</mi><mi>c</mi><mover accent="true"><mi>s</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover></mrow></msub></math> with quark content <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>b</mi><mi>c</mi><mover accent="true"><mi>s</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover><mover accent="true"><mi>d</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover></math>. These <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>T</mi><mrow><mi>b</mi><mi>c</mi><mover accent="true"><mi>s</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover></mrow></msub></math> states are assumed to be dynamically generated molecular states from the S-wave interactions between <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mover accent="true"><mi>B</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover><mi>s</mi><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mo>*</mo><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mn>0</mn></mrow></msubsup><msup><mi>D</mi><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mo>*</mo><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mover accent="true"><mi>B</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mo>*</mo><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mn>0</mn></mrow></msup><msubsup><mi>D</mi><mi>s</mi><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mo>*</mo><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>+</mo></mrow></msubsup></math> meson pairs. Based on the total angular momentum and the type of the constituent mesons (pseudoscalars <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>P</mi></math> or vectors <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>V</mi></math>), they are labeled as <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mi>T</mi><mrow><mi>b</mi><mi>c</mi><mover accent="true"><mi>s</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn><mo>,</mo><mi>P</mi><mi>P</mi></mrow></msubsup></math>, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mi>T</mi><mrow><mi>b</mi><mi>c</mi><mover accent="true"><mi>s</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn><mo>,</mo><mi>V</mi><mi>V</mi></mrow></msubsup></math>, and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mi>T</mi><mrow><mi>b</mi><mi>c</mi><mover accent="true"><mi>s</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn><mo>,</mo><mi>V</mi><mi>V</mi></mrow></msubsup></math>, respectively. The <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mover accent="true"><mi>B</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover><mn>0</mn></msup><msubsup><mi>D</mi><mi>s</mi><mo>+</mo></msubsup></math> invariant mass distribution for this decay is calculated using current algebra, incorporating contributions from <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>T</mi><mrow><mi>b</mi><mi>c</mi><mover accent="true"><mi>s</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover></mrow></msub></math> states arising from final-state interactions. Our results reveal a clear peak structure in the 7415–7425 MeV region, which is attributed to the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mi>T</mi><mrow><mi>b</mi><mi>c</mi><mover accent="true"><mi>s</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn><mo>,</mo><mi>V</mi><mi>V</mi></mrow></msubsup></math> state. Additionally, a distinct dip structure appears near the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mover accent="true"><mi>B</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover><mrow><mo>*</mo><mn>0</mn></mrow></msup><msubsup><mi>D</mi><mi>s</mi><mrow><mo>*</mo><mo>+</mo></mrow></msubsup></math> threshold, characteristic of the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mi>T</mi><mrow><mi>b</mi><mi>c</mi><mover accent="true"><mi>s</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn><mo>,</mo><mi>V</mi><mi>V</mi></mrow></msubsup></math> as a hadronic molecular state. A near-threshold enhancement associated with the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mi>T</mi><mrow><mi>b</mi><mi>c</mi><mover accent="true"><mi>s</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn><mo>,</mo><mi>P</mi><mi>P</mi></mrow></msubsup></math> state and a dip arising from the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mi>T</mi><mrow><mi>b</mi><mi>c</mi><mover accent="true"><mi>s</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn><mo>,</mo><mi>V</mi><mi>V</mi></mrow></msubsup></math> state are also identified, though the manifestation of these features depends sensitively on model parameter fine-tuning. Therefore, with increased experimental statistics, the decay channel <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi mathvariant="normal">ϒ</mi><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><msup><mi>D</mi><mo>−</mo></msup><msup><mover accent="true"><mi>B</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover><mn>0</mn></msup><msubsup><mi>D</mi><mi>s</mi><mo>+</mo></msubsup></math> offers a promising avenue for discovering and characterizing the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>T</mi><mrow><mi>b</mi><mi>c</mi><mover accent="true"><mi>s</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover></mrow></msub></math> states.

Wen-Ying Liu

Hua-Xing Chen

<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>T</mi><mrow><mi>b</mi><mi>c</mi><mover accent="true"><mi>s</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover></mrow></msub></math> states in the process <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi mathvariant="normal">ϒ</mi><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><msup><mi>D</mi><mo>−</mo></msup><msup><mover accent="true"><mi>B</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover><mn>0</mn></msup><msubsup><mi>D</mi><mi>s</mi><mo>+</mo></msubsup></math>

We show that the Seiberg-type duality of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mi mathvariant="script">N</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></math> gauge theory coupled with tensor chiral fields and fundamental chiral fields works if the meson spectrum built from the tensor fields takes a particular form: (a) It should be truncated. (b) The <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>R</mi></math> charges of tensor fields <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mo stretchy="false">{</mo><msub><mi>R</mi><mi>a</mi></msub><mo stretchy="false">}</mo></math> and the truncated mesons <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mo stretchy="false">{</mo><msub><mi>R</mi><mi>j</mi></msub><mo stretchy="false">}</mo></math> take very special values. The meson spectrum so that the duality works is encoded elegantly in the factorization of the polynomial <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>y</mi><mi>n</mi></msup><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>=</mo><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">Φ</mi><mo>+</mo></msub><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">Φ</mi><mo>−</mo></msub></math>. Our consideration covers many known <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi mathvariant="script">N</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn></math> dualities and generates a large class of new examples.

Yuanyuan Fang

Jing Feng

Dan Xie

Duality of four dimensional <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi mathvariant="script">N</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn></math> gauge theory

We investigate static and dynamical aspects of string breaking in a <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi mathvariant="double-struck">Z</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></math> lattice gauge theory coupled to Kogut-Susskind staggered fermions. Using tensor network simulations, we demonstrate that the static potential as well as the site-resolved configuration of the matter sites and gauge links allows us to identify the regimes in which string breaking occurs. Furthermore, we develop a variational quantum eigensolver that allows for reliably preparing the ground state of the theory in both the absence and presence of static charges and to capture the static aspects of the phenomenon. Carrying out state preparation on real quantum hardware for up to 19 qubits, we demonstrate its suitability for current quantum devices. In addition, we study the real-time dynamics of a flux tube between two static charges using both tensor networks and quantum hardware. Using a trotterization for the time-evolution operator, we are able to show that the breaking process starts with the creation of charges inside the string. These eventually redistribute toward the static charges and screen them, which leads to the breaking of the flux tube.

Cyprus

Constantia Alexandrou

Andreas Athenodorou

Kostas Blekos

Georgios Polykratis

Germany

Stefan Kühn

Realizing string breaking dynamics in a <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi mathvariant="double-struck">Z</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></math> lattice gauge theory on quantum hardware

We propose and study a purely inelastic scalar dark matter model, where two real scalars-dark matter <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>ϕ</mi><mn>1</mn></msub></math> and its excited partner <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>ϕ</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></math> interact with the Standard Model via a Higgs portal. After mass diagonalization, only inelastic couplings remain, allowing the model to evade stringent bounds from direct detection. We show that thermal (co)annihilation between <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>ϕ</mi><mn>1</mn></msub></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>ϕ</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></math> naturally yields the observed dark matter relic abundance. The same interaction structure can induce a strongly first-order phase transition in the early Universe, generating detectable gravitational waves in upcoming experiments. Meanwhile, the slight mass splitting between <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>ϕ</mi><mn>1</mn></msub></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>ϕ</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></math>, along with the heavy off shell mediator SM Higgs, leads to long-lived particle signatures of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>ϕ</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></math> at the HL-LHC via the displaced muon-jets technique. We pinpoint a feasible parameter space where the correct relic abundance, observable gravitational waves, and collider signals can all be achieved concurrently, presenting a valuable chance to validate this scenario through a comprehensive examination encompassing cosmological, astrophysical, and collider investigations.

Jinhui Guo

Jia Liu

Chenhao Peng

Xiao-Ping Wang

Probing purely inelastic scalar dark matter across colliders and gravitational wave observatories

We consider the Chern-Simons theory coupled to massive fundamental matter in three spacetime dimensions, focusing on the Higgsed phase of the bosonic matter in the large-<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>N</mi></math> limit. To study the characteristics of the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>Z</mi></math> boson in the Higgsed phase and address an apparent puzzle regarding its fermionic analog, we employ the 3D Bose-Fermi duality to derive the exact large-<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>N</mi></math> result for the two-point function of the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>Z</mi></math> boson. We study the spectral representation of the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>Z</mi></math> boson and find that, in the large-<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>N</mi></math> limit, it behaves as an unstable resonance with a nonperturbatively large lifetime at weak coupling.

India

Amiya Mishra

Characteristics of the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>Z</mi></math> boson in Chern-Simons matter theory