A search for a pseudoscalar $\textit{a}$ produced in association with a top-quark pair, or in association with a single top quark plus a $\textit{W}$ boson, with the pseudoscalar decaying into $\textit{b}$-quarks ( $$a\rightarrow b\bar{b}$$ ), is performed using the full Run 2 data sample using a dileptonic decay mode signature. The search covers pseudoscalar boson masses between 12 and 100 GeV and involves both the kinematic regime where the decay products of the pseudoscalar are reconstructed as two standard $\textit{b}$-tagged small-radius jets, or merged into a large-radius jet due to its Lorentz boost. No significant excess relative to expectations is observed. Assuming a branching ratio $$\text {BR}(a\rightarrow b\bar{b})=100\% $$ , the range of pseudoscalar masses between 50 and 80 GeV is excluded at 95% confidence level for a coupling of the pseudoscalar to the top quark of 0.5, while a coupling of 1.0 is excluded at 95% confidence level for the masses considered, with the coupling defined as the strength modifier of the Standard Model Yukawa coupling.

France

G. Aad

Norway

E. Aakvaag

United States

B. Abbott

United Arab Emirates

S. Abdelhameed

Germany

K. Abeling

N.J. Abicht

S. Abidi

M. Aboelela

Morocco

A. Aboulhorma

Israel

H. Abramowicz

Y. Abulaiti

Italy

United Kingdom

B. Acharya

A. Ackermann

C. Bourdarios

Poland

L. Adamczyk

S. Addepalli

M. Addison

J. Adelman

Türkiye

A. Adiguzel

T. Adye

A. Affolder

Y. Afik

Spain

M. Agaras

A. Aggarwal

Romania

C. Agheorghiesei

Azerbaijan

F. Ahmadov

S. Ahuja

China

X. Ai

G. Aielli

A. Aikot

M. Tamlihat

B. Aitbenchikh

M. Akbiyik

Sweden

T. Åkesson

A. Akimov

Japan

D. Akiyama

N. Akolkar

S. Aktas

G. Alberghi

Canada

J. Albert

P. Albicocco

G. Albouy

S. Alderweireldt

Z. Alegria

Switzerland

M. Aleksa

I. Aleksandrov

C. Alexa

Greece

T. Alexopoulos

F. Alfonsi

M. Algren

M. Alhroob

Czechia

B. Ali

Saudi Arabia

H. Ali

S. Ali

S. Alibocus

South Africa

M. Aliev

G. Alimonti

W. Alkakhi

C. Allaire

B. Allbrooke

J. Allen

P. Allport

A. Aloisio

Argentina

F. Alonso

C. Alpigiani

Z. Alsolami

A. Alvarez Fernandez

M. Alves Cardoso

M. Alviggi

M. Aly

Brazil

Y. Amaral Coutinho

A. Ambler

C. Amelung

M. Amerl

C. Ames

T. Amezza

D. Amidei

B. Amini

K. Amirie

A. Amirkhanov

Portugal

S. Amor Dos Santos

K. Amos

D. Amperiadou

S. An

C. Anastopoulos

T. Andeen

J. Anders

A. Anderson

A. Andreazza

S. Angelidakis

A. Angerami

A. Anisenkov

A. Annovi

C. Antel

E. Antipov

M. Antonelli

F. Anulli

M. Aoki

T. Aoki

Search for a new pseudoscalar decaying into a pair of bottom and antibottom quarks in top-associated production in $$\sqrt{s}=13$$ TeV proton–proton collisions with the ATLAS detector

Quantum contextuality refers to the impossibility of assigning a predefined, intrinsic value to a physical property of a system independently of the context in which the property is measured. It is, perhaps, the most fundamental feature of quantum mechanics. The many states with different spin that particle physics provides are the ideal setting for testing contextuality. We verify that the polarization states of single spin-1 massive particles produced at colliders are contextual. We test <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>W</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup></mrow></math> gauge bosons produced in top-quark decays, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>J</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>ψ</mi></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>K</mi><mo>*</mo></msup><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>892</mn><msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mn>0</mn></msup></math> mesons in <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>B</mi></math>-meson decays and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>ϕ</mi></math> mesons in <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mi>χ</mi><mi>c</mi><mn>0</mn></msubsup></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mi>χ</mi><mi>c</mi><mn>1</mn></msubsup></math> charmonium decays by reinterpreting the data and the analyses of the ATLAS, LHCb, Belle II and BESIII experimental collaborations, respectively. The polarization states of these four particles show contextuality with a significance larger than <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mn>5</mn><mi>σ</mi></math>. We also discuss the presence of quantum contextuality in spin states of bipartite systems formed by spin-<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>/</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></math> particles. We test <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi mathvariant="normal">Λ</mi></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi mathvariant="normal">Σ</mi></math> baryons reinterpreting two BESIII data analyses, and pairs of top quarks utilizing a recent analysis of the CMS Collaboration. Quantum contextuality is present with a significance exceeding <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mn>5</mn><mi>σ</mi></math> also in these cases. In addition, we study the feasibility of testing quantum contextuality by means of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>Z</mi></math> boson production in association with the Higgs boson, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>Z</mi></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>W</mi></math> bosons pairs created in Higgs boson decays and with pairs of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>τ</mi></math> leptons. For the latter, we use Monte Carlo simulations that mimic the settings of SuperKEKB and of future lepton colliders. Experiments at high energies, though not designed for the purpose, perform surprisingly well in testing for quantum contextuality.

M. Fabbrichesi

R. Floreanini

Estonia

E. Gabrielli

L. Marzola

Tests of quantum contextuality in particle physics

A new method was proposed recently to investigate the location of the putative critical point of strongly interacting matter, governed by quantum chromodynamics. By approximating contours of constant entropy density at finite baryon chemical potential, the conditions for the existence of a critical point are solved. In this work, we analyze this method in the hadron resonance gas and Nambu–Jona-Lasinio models. We demonstrate that the prediction of the critical point in the HRG model is solely due to mesonic and baryonic degrees of freedom, and thus is not necessarily a signal of a critical point. We argue that such an expansion leads to a physically meaningful prediction only when applied near the critical point.

Michał Marczenko

Michał Szymański

Hungary

Győző Kovács

Challenges in locating the QCD critical point via constant entropy density contours

The sterile neutrino interpretation of the LSND and MiniBooNE neutrino anomalies is currently being tested at three liquid argon detectors: MicroBooNE, SBND, and ICARUS. It has been argued that a degeneracy between <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>ν</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>μ</mi></mrow></msub><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><msub><mrow><mi>ν</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>e</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>ν</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>e</mi></mrow></msub><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><msub><mrow><mi>ν</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>e</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math> oscillations significantly degrades their sensitivity to sterile neutrinos. Through an independent study, we show two methods to eliminate this concern. First, we resolve this degeneracy by including external constraints on <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>ν</mi><mi>e</mi></msub></math> disappearance from the PROSPECT reactor experiment. Second, by properly analyzing the full three-dimensional parameter space, we demonstrate that the stronger-than-sensitivity exclusion from MicroBooNE alone already covers the entire <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mn>2</mn><mi>σ</mi></mrow></math> preferred regions of MiniBooNE at the level of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mn>2</mn><mo>−</mo><mn>3</mn><mi>σ</mi></mrow></math>. We show that upcoming searches at SBND and ICARUS can improve on this beyond the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mn>4</mn><mi>σ</mi></math> level, thereby providing a rigorous test of short-baseline anomalies.

Ohana Benevides Rodrigues

Matheus Hostert

Kevin J. Kelly

Bryce Littlejohn

Pedro A.N. Machado

Ibrahim Safa

Tao Zhou

Toward a Robust Confirmation or Refutation of the Sterile-Neutrino Explanation of Short-Baseline Anomalies

Recently, a quantum mechanical theory of quantum spaces described by a large <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>N</mi></math> non-commutative coordinates is proposed as a model for quantum gravity [<a href="http://arXiv.org/abs/2406.01466">arXiv:2406.01466</a>]. In this paper, we construct Kerr black hole as a rotating noncommutative geometry solution of this theory. Due to rotation, the fuzzy sphere is deformed into a fuzzy ellipsoid, which matches exactly the outer horizon of the Kerr black hole in the Boyer-Lindquist coordinates. Together with a half-filled Fermi sea, the fuzzy solution reproduces the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy as well as the mass and angular momentum of the Kerr black hole. These results provide support that the proposed quantum mechanics of quantum spaces as a model of quantum gravity.

Taiwan

Chong-Sun Chu

Quantum Kerr black hole from matrix theory of quantum gravity

We investigate new contributions to the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>H</mi><mi>Z</mi><mi>Z</mi></math> vertex from the flavor changing neutral current (FCNC) involving the Higgs and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>Z</mi></math> bosons. Our calculations reveal that the form factors <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mi>h</mi><mn>2</mn><mi>V</mi></msubsup></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mi>h</mi><mn>3</mn><mi>V</mi></msubsup></math> (<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>V</mi><mo>=</mo><mi>H</mi></math>, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>Z</mi></math>) can be induced through these couplings, and we present our results in terms of the Passarino-Veltman scalar functions. Using the current limits on <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>H</mi><mover accent="true"><mi>t</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover><mi>c</mi></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>Z</mi><mover accent="true"><mi>t</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover><mi>c</mi></math> couplings, we determine that the new contributions to the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi></math>-conserving form factor <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mi>h</mi><mn>2</mn><mi>V</mi></msubsup></math> are small compared to the Standard Model (SM) predictions. However, for the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi></math>-violating form factor <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mi>h</mi><mn>3</mn><mi>V</mi></msubsup></math>, the contributions can reach values as high as <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>6</mn></mrow></msup></math>, 5 orders of magnitude larger than in the SM. Furthermore, we examine how these results influence the left-right asymmetries in the processes <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>H</mi><mo>*</mo></msup><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mi>Z</mi><mi>Z</mi></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>Z</mi><mo>*</mo></msup><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mi>Z</mi><mi>H</mi></math>. Our findings suggest that significant deviations from SM predictions may occur when considering FCNC contributions.

Mexico

A.I. Hernández-Juárez

R. Gaitán

<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi></math> violation in the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>H</mi><mi>Z</mi><mi>Z</mi></math> vertex and left-right asymmetries

Using the recombination model extended to the heavy flavor scenario, we investigate the production of charmed mesons, i.e., <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msup><mi>D</mi><mn>0</mn></msup><mo>,</mo><mo> </mo><msubsup><mi>D</mi><mi>s</mi><mo>+</mo></msubsup></math>, and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>J</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>ψ</mi></mrow></math>, in <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>Pb</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>Pb</mi></mrow></math> collisions at <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msqrt><msub><mi>s</mi><mrow><mi>N</mi><mi>N</mi></mrow></msub></msqrt><mo>=</mo><mn>2.76</mn></mrow></math> and 5.02 TeV at the CERN Large Hadron Collider including the heavy flavor energy loss inside the hot and dense medium. Soft, semihard, and hard partons all play important roles in our model and are uniformly treated for all mesons produced. The resulting transverse momentum spectra and the second azimuthal harmonic <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>v</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></math> for these mesons are presented and compared with the available experimental data. The good agreement provides strong support again that the quark recombination mechanism is an effective model for hadronization in relativistic heavy-ion collisions.

Jingzong Zhang

Huanjing Gong

Hua Zheng

Wei Dai

Lilin Zhu

Spectra and azimuthal harmonic of charmed mesons in <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>Pb</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>Pb</mi></mrow></math> collisions at energies available at the CERN Large Hadron Collider

Inverse decays are an interesting avenue for producing dark matter in the early Universe. We study in detail various phases of dark matter parameter space where inverse decays control its abundance, expanding on our work of inverse decay (INDY) dark matter and going beyond. The role of initial conditions and the impact of departure from kinetic equilibrium are investigated as well. We show how these inverse decay phases can arise in theories of a kinetically mixed dark photon and dark Higgs, with promising prospects for detection at upcoming experiments.

Ronny Frumkin

Yonit Hochberg

Eric Kuflik

Hitoshi Murayama

Phases of dark matter from inverse decays

We investigate whether quantum gravity fluctuations can break chiral symmetry for fermions that are charged under a U(1) and an <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mi>SU</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msub><mrow><mi>N</mi></mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">c</mi></msub><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math> gauge symmetry and thus closely resemble Standard-Model fermions. Unbroken chiral symmetry in the quantum-gravity regime is a necessary prerequisite to recover the Standard Model from a joint gravity-matter theory; if chiral symmetry is broken by quantum gravity, fermions cannot generically be much lighter than the Planck mass, and the theory is ruled out. To answer this, we work in a Fierz-complete basis of four-fermion interactions and explore whether they are driven to criticality. We discover that the interplay of quantum gravity with the non-Abelian gauge theory results in chiral symmetry breaking, because gravitational and gauge field fluctuations act together to produce bound states. Chiral symmetry breaking is triggered by four-fermion channels that first appear when non-Abelian charges are introduced and that become critical if the non-Abelian symmetry is gauged. Extrapolating our result to the Standard Model fermions, we conjecture that the non-Abelian gauge coupling, Abelian gauge coupling and Newton coupling are all bounded from above at trans-Planckian scales, if Standard Model fermions are to remain much lighter than the Planck mass. In contrast, fermions that are charged under a global non-Abelian group can remain light for arbitrarily large values of the Newton coupling. We find that different chiral symmetries are emergent at low energies, depending on the strength of the gravitational coupling. This is an example of fixed points with different degrees of enhanced global symmetry trading stability in fixed-point collisions driven by gravitational fluctuations.

Denmark

Gustavo P. de Brito

Astrid Eichhorn

Faroe Islands

Shouryya Ray

Why the quark mass is not the Planck mass

The in-medium masses of the pseudoscalar open charm (<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>D</mi></math>, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mover accent="true"><mi>D</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover></math>, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>D</mi><mi>s</mi></msub></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mover accent="true"><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>D</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>s</mi></mrow></msub></mrow><mrow><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mrow></mover></mrow></math>) and open bottom (<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>B</mi></math>, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mover accent="true"><mrow><mi>B</mi></mrow><mrow><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mrow></mover></mrow></math>, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>B</mi><mi>s</mi></msub></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mover accent="true"><msub><mi>B</mi><mi>s</mi></msub><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover></math>) mesons in hot asymmetric strange hadronic matter are studied within a QCD sum rule approach. These are computed using the medium modifications of the light quark condensates (<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mo stretchy="false">⟨</mo><mover accent="true"><msub><mi>q</mi><mi>i</mi></msub><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover><msub><mi>q</mi><mi>i</mi></msub><mo stretchy="false">⟩</mo></math>, with <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msub><mi>q</mi><mi>i</mi></msub><mo>,</mo><mi>i</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>3</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>≡</mo><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>u</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>d</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>s</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math>), the scalar gluon condensate, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mo stretchy="false">⟨</mo><mfrac><msub><mi>α</mi><mi>s</mi></msub><mi>π</mi></mfrac><msubsup><mi>G</mi><mrow><mi>μ</mi><mi>ν</mi></mrow><mi>a</mi></msubsup><msup><msup><mi>G</mi><mi>a</mi></msup><mrow><mi>μ</mi><mi>ν</mi></mrow></msup><mo stretchy="false">⟩</mo></math>, the twist-2 tensorial gluon operator, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mo stretchy="false">⟨</mo><mfrac><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>α</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>s</mi></mrow></msub></mrow><mrow><mi>π</mi></mrow></mfrac><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msubsup><mrow><mi>G</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>μ</mi><mi>σ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>a</mi></mrow></msubsup><msup><mrow><msub><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>G</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>a</mi></mrow></msup></mrow><mrow><mi>ν</mi></mrow></msub></mrow><mrow><mi>σ</mi></mrow></msup><msup><mrow><mi>u</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>μ</mi></mrow></msup><msup><mrow><mi>u</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>ν</mi></mrow></msup><mo>−</mo><mfrac><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>4</mn></mrow></mfrac><msubsup><mrow><mi>G</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>μ</mi><mi>σ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>a</mi></mrow></msubsup><msup><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>G</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>a</mi></mrow></msup></mrow><mrow><mi>μ</mi><mi>σ</mi></mrow></msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo stretchy="false">⟩</mo></mrow></math> (where <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>u</mi><mi>μ</mi></msup></math> is the four-velocity of the medium) and other operators in the operator product expansion up to mass dimension 5. Within a chiral SU(3) model, the quark condensates are obtained from the medium modifications of the nonstrange and strange scalar-isoscalar fields (<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>σ</mi></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>ζ</mi></math>), and the scalar-isovector field, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>δ</mi></math>, whereas, the gluon (scalar and twist-2) condensates are computed from the in-medium value of the dilaton field, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>χ</mi></math>, which is incorporated within the chiral model to mimic the broken scale invariance of QCD. The mixed quark-gluon condensate <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mo stretchy="false">⟨</mo><mover accent="true"><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>q</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>i</mi></mrow></msub></mrow><mrow><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mrow></mover><msub><mrow><mi>g</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>s</mi></mrow></msub><mi>σ</mi><mo>·</mo><mi>G</mi><msub><mrow><mi>q</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>i</mi></mrow></msub><mo stretchy="false">⟩</mo></mrow></math> is calculated from the in-medium quark condensate <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mo stretchy="false">⟨</mo><mover accent="true"><msub><mi>q</mi><mi>i</mi></msub><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover><msub><mi>q</mi><mi>i</mi></msub><mo stretchy="false">⟩</mo></math>. The splittings of the masses of the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>D</mi><mo>−</mo><mover accent="true"><mi>D</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover></math> (<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>B</mi><mo>−</mo><mover accent="true"><mi>B</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover></math>), as well as <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>D</mi><mi>s</mi></msub><mo>−</mo><mover accent="true"><msub><mi>D</mi><mi>s</mi></msub><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msub><mi>B</mi><mi>s</mi></msub><mo>−</mo><mover accent="true"><msub><mi>B</mi><mi>s</mi></msub><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math> in the hadronic medium are due to the odd part of the spectral function. For the strange-charm (strange-bottom) mesons (<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msub><mi>q</mi><mi>i</mi></msub><mo>,</mo><mi>i</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>3</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>≡</mo><mi>s</mi></math>), the value of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mo stretchy="false">⟨</mo><msup><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>q</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>i</mi></mrow></msub></mrow><mrow><mi>†</mi></mrow></msup><msub><mrow><mi>q</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>i</mi></mrow></msub><mo stretchy="false">⟩</mo></mrow></math> dominates over the contributions from the other operators, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mo stretchy="false">⟨</mo><msup><msub><mi>q</mi><mi>i</mi></msub><mi>†</mi></msup><mi>i</mi><msubsup><mi>D</mi><mn>0</mn><mn>2</mn></msubsup><msub><mi>q</mi><mi>i</mi></msub><mo stretchy="false">⟩</mo></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mo stretchy="false">⟨</mo><msup><msub><mi>q</mi><mi>i</mi></msub><mi>†</mi></msup><msub><mi>g</mi><mi>s</mi></msub><mi>σ</mi><mo>.</mo><mi>G</mi><msub><mi>q</mi><mi>i</mi></msub><mo stretchy="false">⟩</mo></math>, of the odd part of the spectral function. This is observed as opposite behavior of the particle-antiparticle mass splittings with the mass of the particle to be larger (smaller) than the antiparticle mass in nuclear (hyperonic) matter. The density and isospin asymmetry effects are observed to be the dominant medium effects which might have observable consequences on the production of charmonia and open charm mesons, and, on the production ratios, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>D</mi><mo>+</mo></msup><mo>/</mo><msup><mi>D</mi><mo>−</mo></msup></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>D</mi><mn>0</mn></msup><mo>/</mo><mover accent="true"><msup><mi>D</mi><mn>0</mn></msup><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover></math>, in asymmetric heavy ion collisions in the Compressed Baryonic Matter experiment at FAIR at the future facility at Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung (GSI).

India

Amruta Mishra

Open heavy flavor mesons in hot asymmetric strange hadronic matter: A QCD sum rule approach