At the LHC, two experiments – ATLAS and TOTEM – measure the total proton–proton cross section. Unfortunately, a significant discrepancy, persisting at different collision energies, is observed between the values reported by the two groups. This paper considers the hypothesis that this tension is predominantly driven by the assumption about the low-mass diffraction used in one of the measurement methods. It is shown that in such a case it is possible to extract the low-mass diffraction cross section from measurements of ATLAS and TOTEM. The results are compared with other data-driven estimates, showing better agreement than the original assumption.

Italy

Per Grafström

Poland

Rafał Staszewski

Extraction of low-mass diffractive cross section from the discrepancy between ATLAS and TOTEM total cross sections

We consider the self-gravitating Dirac field with a scalar fermion self-interaction term. For strong enough attractive fermion self-interaction, the maximum Arnowitt–Deser–Misner mass of soliton solutions consisting of two fermions can exceed the limit of noninteracting Dirac stars classically, and the “particle-like” solutions of the system can exhibit multiplicity, multiple valid solutions for a single set of parameters, that is inherent in the nonlinear Dirac field. We also find the mass-scale separation in our system similar to that discussed in the Einstein–Dirac–Higgs system. Interestingly, the system admits parity-violated solutions. The broken parity symmetry can be restored by increasing the central redshift of the solution.

China

Huan Zhang

Jingsong He

Self-gravitating nonlinear Dirac fields

A measurement of the atmospheric $$\nu _{\mu }+\bar{\nu }_{\mu }$$ flux with energies between 1 and 100 GeV is presented. The measurement has been performed using data taken with the first six detection units of the KM3NeT/ORCA detector, referred to as ORCA6. The data were collected between January 2020 and November 2021 and correspond to 510 days of livetime, with a total exposure of 433 kton $$\cdot $$ years. Using machine learning classification, 3894 neutrino candidate events have been selected with an atmospheric muon contamination of less than 1 $$\%$$ . The atmospheric $$\nu _{\mu }+\bar{\nu }_{\mu }$$ energy spectrum is derived using an unfolding procedure and the impact of systematic uncertainties is estimated. The atmospheric $$\nu _{\mu }+\bar{\nu }_{\mu }$$ flux measured using the ORCA6 configuration is in agreement with the values measured by other experiments.

S. Aiello

France

Germany

A. Albert

United Arab Emirates

A. Alhebsi

M. Alshamsi

Spain

S. Alves Garre

A. Ambrosone

F. Ameli

M. Andre

L. Aphecetche

M. Ardid

S. Ardid

J. Aublin

F. Badaracco

L. Bailly-Salins

Czechia

Slovakia

Z. Bardačová

B. Baret

A. Bariego-Quintana

Y. Becherini

M. Bendahman

F. Benfenati Gualandi

M. Benhassi

M. Bennani

United Kingdom

D. Benoit

Netherlands

E. Berbee

V. Bertin

S. Biagi

South Africa

M. Boettcher

D. Bonanno

Morocco

A. Bouasla

J. Boumaaza

M. Bouta

M. Bouwhuis

C. Bozza

R. Bozza

Romania

H. Brânzaş

F. Bretaudeau

M. Breuhaus

R. Bruijn

J. Brunner

R. Bruno

E. Buis

R. Buompane

J. Busto

B. Caiffi

D. Calvo

A. Capone

F. Carenini

V. Carretero

T. Cartraud

P. Castaldi

V. Cecchini

S. Celli

L. Cerisy

M. Chabab

A. Chen

S. Cherubini

T. Chiarusi

M. Circella

Belgium

R. Clark

R. Cocimano

J. Coelho

A. Coleiro

A. Condorelli

R. Coniglione

P. Coyle

A. Creusot

G. Cuttone

R. Dallier

A. Benedittis

G. Wasseige

V. Decoene

P. Deguire

I. Rosso

L. Mauro

I. Palma

A. Díaz

D. Diego-Tortosa

C. Distefano

A. Domi

C. Donzaud

D. Dornic

Greece

E. Drakopoulou

D. Drouhin

J.G. Ducoin

P. Duverne

R. Dvornický

T. Eberl

E. Eckerová

A. Eddymaoui

T. Eeden

M. Eff

D. Eijk

I. El Bojaddaini

S. El Hedri

S. El Mentawi

V. Ellajosyula

A. Enzenhöfer

G. Ferrara

Australia

M. Filipović

F. Filippini

Measurement of the atmospheric $$\nu _{\mu }$$ flux with six detection units of KM3NeT/ORCA

In this work, we propose to investigate the information behavior of quantum systems through accelerated detectors quadratically coupled with a massless scalar field. In addition, we made detailed comparisons with the case of linear coupling. The perturbative method was used to evolve the density matrix that describes the interaction of the detector-field system during a finite time. The systems studied were: accelerated single-qubit, quantum interferometric circuit, and the which-path distinguishability circuit. The results on the probability transition rates show that quadratic coupling amplifies the Unruh effect. This is due to the modification of the interaction structure, allowing the simultaneous absorption of multiple quanta. Our findings showed that the information is degraded more quickly in the case of quadratic coupling, when compared to the linear case. Furthermore, this change is mainly given by the coupling constant and by an additional factor that arises in the case of quadratic coupling. Therefore, these results indicate that the nature of the coupling between the detector and the field plays a fundamental role in the behavior of quantum information in high acceleration regimes.

Brazil

P. Barros

P. Carvalho

H. Costa

On the information behavior from quadratically coupled accelerated detectors

Recent observations of the supermassive black holes $$ M87^{*} $$ and Sgr $$\hbox {A}^{*}$$ by the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) have sparked intensified interest in studying the optical appearance of black holes (BHs). Inspired by this, we carry out a study on the optical features of Einstein–Euler–Heisenberg-Anti de Sitter/de Sitter (EEH-AdS/dS) BHs, including the trajectories of photons, shadow geometrical shape, energy emission rate, and deflection of light in this spacetime. Since, due to the nonlinear electrodynamics effects, photons propagate along null geodesics in an effective metric rather than the background metric, we first derive the effective metric of the EEH-AdS/dS BH. Then we study the null geodesics of the resulting effective metric and eventually compute the size of the EEH-AdS/dS BH shadow. To validate our results, we confront our results with the extracted information from EHT data of the supermassive BHs $$ M87^{*} $$ and estimate lower bounds for the shadow radius.

Iran

Khadije Jafarzade

Zeynab Bazyar

Sara Saghafi

Kourosh Nozari

Optical signatures of Einstein–Euler–Heisenberg AdS/dS black holes in the light of event horizon telescope

We present a method for obtaining an initial-state parton shower model where the (backward) evolution fully consistent with the (forward) evolution of the collinear parton density used. As a proof-of-concept we use parton densities obtained with the parton branching (PB) approach, and modify the default initial-state shower in 8 with this method to be consistent with them. PB is ideally suited for checking the validity of our method since, in addition to producing collinear parton densities, it also produces the corresponding transverse-dependent (TMD) ones, and these can then be directly compared to the transverse momentum distribution obtained from the parton shower. We show that TMD distributions which we in this way obtain from our modified 8 shower using leading order (LO) parton densities and splitting functions are fully consistent with the corresponding leading order TMD densities. At next-to-leading order (NLO) it is not possible to achieve the same consistency using the built-in LO splitting functions in the shower, but we show that by introducing NLO splitting functions using a reweighting procedure, we can achieve consistency also at NLO. The method presented here, which we have named , can be easily extended to any collinear parton densities, as long as the exact conditions for the evolution are known. With the method we obtain an initial-state parton shower which in principle has no free parameters, and is fully consistent with collinear parton densities at LO and NLO.

H. Jung

Sweden

L. Lönnblad

M. Mendizabal

Sara Taheri Monfared

A parton shower consistent with parton densities at LO and NLO:

Differential two-particle normalized cumulants ( $$R_2$$ ) and transverse momentum correlations ( $$P_2$$ ) are measured as a function of the relative pseudorapidity and azimuthal angle difference $$( \Delta \eta , \Delta \varphi )$$ of charged particle pairs in minimum bias pp collisions at $$\sqrt{\textit{s}}$$ = 13 TeV. The measurements use charged hadrons in the pseudorapidity region of $$|\eta | < 0.8$$ and the transverse momentum range 0.2 $$< \textit{p}_{\mathrm T} < $$ 2.0 $$\textrm{GeV}/\textit{c}$$ in order to focus on soft multiparticle interactions and to complement prior measurements of these correlation functions in p–Pb and Pb–Pb collisions. The correlation functions are reported for both unlike-sign and like-sign pairs and their charge-independent and charge-dependent combinations. Both the $$R_2$$ and $$P_2$$ measured in pp collisions exhibit features qualitatively similar to those observed in p–Pb and Pb–Pb collisions. The $$\Delta \eta $$ and $$\Delta \varphi $$ root mean square widths of the near-side peak of the correlation functions are evaluated and compared with those observed in p–Pb and Pb–Pb collisions and show smooth evolution with the multiplicity of charged particles produced in the collision. The comparison of the measured correlation functions with predictions from PYTHIA8 shows that this model qualitatively captures their basic structure and characteristics but feature important differences. In addition, the $$R_2^{\textrm{CD}}$$ is used to determine the charge balance function of hadrons produced within the detector acceptance of the measurements. The integral of the balance function is found to be compatible with those reported by a previous measurement in Pb–Pb collisions.

S. Acharya

India

A. Agarwal

Switzerland

G. Aglieri Rinella

L. Aglietta

M. Agnello

N. Agrawal

Z. Ahammed

S. Ahmad

South Korea

S. Ahn

I. Ahuja

A. Akindinov

V. Akishina

M. Al-Turany

D. Aleksandrov

B. Alessandro

H. Alfanda

Mexico

R. Alfaro Molina

B. Ali

A. Alici

United States

N. Alizadehvandchali

A. Alkin

Norway

J. Alme

G. Alocco

T. Alt

A. Altamura

I. Altsybeev

J. Alvarado

M. Anaam

C. Andrei

N. Andreou

A. Andronic

E. Andronov

V. Anguelov

F. Antinori

P. Antonioli

N. Apadula

H. Appelshäuser

C. Arata

S. Arcelli

R. Arnaldi

J. Arneiro

I. Arsene

M. Arslandok

A. Augustinus

R. Averbeck

D. Averyanov

M. Azmi

Measurements of differential two-particle number and transverse momentum correlation functions in pp collisions at $$\sqrt{\textit{s}}$$ = 13 TeV