The semi-inclusive production of identified hadrons in deeply inelastic lepton scattering on polarized nucleons allows to probe the spin structure of the nucleon target in a more detailed level than through fully inclusive processes. We compute the NNLO QCD corrections to longitudinally polarized semi-inclusive deep inelastic processes mediated by electroweak neutral and charged currents. We present the first calculation of polarized electroweak structure functions in the Larin scheme up to NNLO. Additionally, we reformulate the finite scheme transformation to the $$ \overline{\textrm{MS}} $$ scheme in a quark flavour basis and identify issues in its assignment to partonic channels in previous calculations. Using our results we perform a detailed phenomenological study of polarized cross sections and of single and double spin asymmetries. We observe large electroweak effects, which need to be included in precision studies of polarized observables.

Switzerland

Leonardo Bonino

Thomas Gehrmann

Markus Löchner

Kay Schönwald

Italy

Giovanni Stagnitto

Polarized neutral and charged current semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering at NNLO in QCD

We develop diffusion models for simulating lattice gauge theories, where stochastic quantization is explicitly incorporated as a physical condition for sampling. We demonstrate the applicability of this novel sampler to U(1) gauge theory in two spacetime dimensions and find that a model trained at a small inverse coupling constant can be extrapolated to larger inverse coupling regions without encountering the topological freezing problem. Additionally, the trained model can be employed to sample configurations on different lattice sizes without requiring further training. The exactness of the generated samples is ensured by incorporating Metropolis-adjusted Langevin dynamics into the generation process. Furthermore, we demonstrate that this approach enables more efficient sampling of topological quantities compared to traditional algorithms such as Hybrid Monte Carlo and Langevin simulations.

Japan

China

Qianteng Zhu

United Kingdom

Gert Aarts

Wei Wang

Kai Zhou

Lingxiao Wang

Physics-conditioned diffusion models for lattice gauge theory

Classical black hole spacetimes can be recovered from the classical limit of quantum scattering amplitudes in a low-energy effective field theory of gravity. In this work we compute, at first post-Minkowskian and dipole order, the metric and the electromagnetic potential for charged and rotating black holes in general spacetime dimensions from amplitudes describing the emission of either a graviton or a photon from a massive and charged Dirac fermion field up to one loop. In addition, we introduce a Pauli non-minimal coupling, to parametrize the black hole’s gyromagnetic factor . We are able to reproduce the Kerr-Newman solution in four dimensions, as well as the Chong-Cvetič-Lü-Pope solution, from five-dimensional supergravity, which includes a Chern-Simons interaction. Crucially, we show that for a charged Myers-Perry like black hole in $\textit{d}$ + 1 spacetime dimensions, its gyromagnetic factor is equal to = ($\textit{d}$ − 1)/($\textit{d}$ − 2). Hence, only in 3 + 1 dimensions minimal coupling is sufficient to describe black holes from scattering amplitudes.

Claudio Gambino

Fabio Riccioni

Victor Sanchis

The gyromagnetic factor of charged rotating black holes in various dimensions from scattering amplitudes

We present a comprehensive two-loop computation of correlation functions involving two maximal giant gravitons and two arbitrary $\textit{R}$-charge single-trace half-BPS operators in $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4 Super-Yang-Mills theory. By combining the partially-contracted giant graviton (PCGG) method with the $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 2 harmonic superspace formalism, we achieve significant simplifications in perturbative calculations. The resulting correlation functions encode rich CFT data, from which we derive sum rules for the OPE coefficients. These sum rules are in perfect agreement with integrability predictions. Furthermore, at the integrand level, we find a hidden higher dimensional symmetry present at both one- and two-loop orders. This symmetry was discovered recently at strong coupling, which generalizes its counterpart in correlation functions of single-trace operators.

Yu Wu

Yunfeng Jiang

Chang Liu

Yang Zhang

All giant graviton two-point functions at two-loops

The gauge field theory of the standard electroweak model in the presence of the electroweak bubble wall is investigated with a view to its applications to microscopic phenomena, which are believed to have occurred during the phase transition in the early universe. The asymptotic fields are defined anew so that the effects of the position-dependent Higgs condensate are taken into account through the position-dependent $\textit{W}$ and $\textit{Z}$ boson masses. A novel method of massive gauge field quantization in the $\textit{R}$ -gauge with $\textit{ξ}$ = 1 is proposed for the case of the position-dependent masses. Our procedure is based on the eigenfunction expansion method associated with second-order differential operators, i.e., a sort of generalized Fourier expansion. The commutation relations of creation and annihilation operators of various wave propagation modes are given in terms of what is known as the spectral function. The decoupling of unphysical states from the physical S-matrix is also investigated along the line of Kugo-Ojima’s quartet mechanism on the basis of the BRST symmetry. It is pointed out that one of the quartet fields is not merely the unphysical scalar field but should be a linear combination of the unphysical scalar and the gauge fields. The physical and unphysical polarizations of the gauge field waves are unambiguously distinguished and this will help us evaluate the friction caused by the physical polarization states of $\textit{W}$ and $\textit{Z}$ boson waves on the bubble wall during the phase transition in the early universe.

Takahiro Kubota

Gauge fields in the presence of the electroweak bubble wall

We compute the twist-2 matching of the transverse-momentum-dependent (TMD) linearly polarized gluon parton distribution and fragmentation functions at next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order (N LO) in QCD, supplemented by next-to-next-to-leading logarithmic (NNLL) small-$\textit{x}$ resummation for the gluon TMD fragmentation functions. These results provide high-precision fixed-order and resummed inputs to TMD phenomenology, and constitute essential theoretical ingredients for future studies of the spin structure and three-dimensional tomography of hadrons at the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC).

Germany

Yu Zhu

The N3LO twist-2 matching of linearly polarized gluon TMDs

We present a covariant framework for analyzing the interactions and decay rates of axion-like particles (ALPs) that couple to both gluons and quarks. We identify combinations of couplings that are invariant under quark-field redefinitions, and use them to obtain physical expressions for the prominent decay rates of such ALPs, which are compared with previous calculations for scenarios where ALPs couple exclusively to quarks or to gluons. Our framework can be used to obtain ALP decay rates for arbitrary ALP couplings to gluons and quarks across a broad range of ALP masses.

United States

Reuven Balkin

Israel

Ta’el Coren

Yotam Soreq

Mike Williams

A covariant description of the interactions of axion-like particles and hadrons

We propose an $$ \mathcal{N}=2 $$ preserving deformation that leads to the confining phase of the 3d reduction of the $\textit{D}$ [SU($\textit{N}$)] Argyres-Douglas theories, referred to as 𝔻 [SU($\textit{N}$)]. This deformation incorporates monopole superpotential terms, which have recently played interesting roles in exploring possible RG fixed points of 3d supersymmetric gauge theories. Employing this confining phenomenon in 3d 𝔻 [SU($\textit{N}$)] theories, we also propose a deconfined version of the Kim-Park duality, an IR duality for 3d $$ \mathcal{N}=2 $$ adjoint SQCDs, where an adjoint matter field is replaced by a linear quiver tail of 𝔻 [SU($\textit{N}$)]. Surprisingly, both the confinement of deformed 𝔻 [SU($\textit{N}$)] and the deconfined Kim-Park duality can be proven only assuming some basic 3d $$ \mathcal{N}=2 $$ IR dualities. Finally, we propose a variant of the Kim-Park duality deformed by a single monopole superpotential term, which can also be derived using the same method.

Chiung Hwang

South Korea

Sungjoon Kim

S-confinement of 3d Argyres-Douglas theories and the Seiberg-like duality with an adjoint matter

The dual formulations of an infinite tower of tree-level soft theorems in asymptotically flat spacetimes for scattering amplitudes in the standard energy-momentum basis and for correlators of a 2D celestial conformal field theory imply a correspondence between the celestial operator product expansion (OPE) and the higher spin charge bracket. We apply such correspondence to provide first a prescription to solve the double-soft limit ambiguity in the mixed-helicity sector of celestial OPEs. Furthermore, demanding the $\textit{charge OPE/bracket correspondence}$ to remain valid when operators are shadow transformed, we construct an algorithm to compute shadow celestial OPEs. We first test the algorithm by recovering results in the previous literature involving the celestial energy-momentum tensor; we then apply it to both gravity and Yang-Mills theory and generalize the OPE derivation to arbitrary spins.

Daniele Pranzetti

Domenico Salluce

Double-soft limit and celestial shadow OPE from charge bracket

We propose boundary terms for the action of the NS sector of supergravity on $\textit{M}$ × $\textit{S}$ × $\textit{T}$ spacetimes — where $\textit{M}$ is an AdS or a linear dilaton background — that render the Brown-York stress tensor and the on-shell action finite. For AdS backgrounds, we show that the on-shell action yields a free energy with chemical potentials determined by the $\textit{B}$-field. TsT (T-duality + shift + T-duality) transformations of these backgrounds generate classes of linear dilaton backgrounds distinguished by their boundary conditions. Among them, there is one class of backgrounds that reproduces features of the single-trace $$ T\overline{T} $$ deformation. These backgrounds have additional chemical potentials that can be turned off by large gauge transformations of the $\textit{B}$-field. We show that the Brown-York stress tensor of these backgrounds reproduces the energies and the trace flow equation of $$ T\overline{T} $$ -deformed CFTs. We also show that the on-shell action matches the $$ T\overline{T} $$ partition function and discuss the interpretation of these results.

Luis Apolo

The on-shell action of supergravity & the $\textit{B}$-side of TsT and single-trace $$ T\overline{T} $$