In the present work, we examine the production of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">Ξ</mi><mo>(</mo><mn>1530</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></math> in the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msup><mi>K</mi><mo>−</mo></msup><mi>p</mi><mo>→</mo><msup><mi>K</mi><mo>+</mo></msup><mi mathvariant="normal">Ξ</mi><msup><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>1530</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow><mo>−</mo></msup></mrow></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msup><mi>K</mi><mo>−</mo></msup><mi>p</mi><mo>→</mo><msup><mi>K</mi><mn>0</mn></msup><mi mathvariant="normal">Ξ</mi><msup><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>1530</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow><mn>0</mn></msup></mrow></math> reactions utilizing an effective Lagrangian approach. To accurately fit the cross sections for both processes, we include nine <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi mathvariant="normal">Λ</mi></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi mathvariant="normal">Σ</mi></math> hyperons and their resonances in both <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>s</mi></math>- and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>u</mi></math>-channel processes. Considering the discrepancy of the measured cross sections for <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msup><mi>K</mi><mo>−</mo></msup><mi>p</mi><mo>→</mo><msup><mi>K</mi><mo>+</mo></msup><mi mathvariant="normal">Ξ</mi><msup><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>1530</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow><mo>−</mo></msup></mrow></math> within the range <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msqrt><mi>s</mi></msqrt><mo>=</mo><mrow><mo>[</mo><mn>2.087</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>2.168</mn><mo>]</mo></mrow><mspace width="4pt"></mspace><mi>GeV</mi></mrow></math>, we employ two distinct fitting strategies: a uniform weighting scheme (Model A) and a different weighting approach (Model B). A comparative analysis suggests that Model A yields a superior global agreement with experimental data compared to Model B. Beyond fitting the cross sections, we also estimate the individual contributions from various intermediate states. Our results reveal that the cross section arising from the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">Σ</mi><mo>(</mo><mn>1193</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></math> intermediate process is dominant. Furthermore, we predict different cross sections for <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msup><mi>K</mi><mo>−</mo></msup><mi>p</mi><mo>→</mo><msup><mi>K</mi><mo>+</mo></msup><mi mathvariant="normal">Ξ</mi><msup><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>1530</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow><mo>−</mo></msup></mrow></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msup><mi>K</mi><mo>−</mo></msup><mi>p</mi><mo>→</mo><msup><mi>K</mi><mn>0</mn></msup><mi mathvariant="normal">Ξ</mi><msup><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>1530</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow><mn>0</mn></msup></mrow></math> at several representative center-of-mass energies, providing testable predictions for forthcoming J-PARC experiments.

China

Quan-Yun Guo

Jing Liu

Peiwen Wu

Dian-Yong Chen

Production of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">Ξ</mi><mo>(</mo><mn>1530</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></math> in the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msup><mi>K</mi><mo>−</mo></msup><mi>p</mi></mrow></math> scattering process

The detection of the chiral magnetic effect (CME) in relativistic heavy-ion collisions remains challenging due to substantial background contributions that obscure the expected signal. In this Letter, we present a novel machine learning approach for constructing optimized observables that significantly enhance CME detection capabilities. By parametrizing generic observables constructed from flow harmonics and optimizing them to maximize the signal-to-background ratio, we systematically develop CME-sensitive measures that outperform conventional methods. Using simulated data from the anomalous viscous fluid dynamics framework, our machine learning observables demonstrate up to 90% higher sensitivity to CME signals compared to traditional <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>γ</mi></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>δ</mi></math> correlators, while maintaining minimal background contamination. The constructed observables provide physical insight into optimal CME detection strategies and offer a promising path forward for experimental searches of the CME at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and the CERN Large Hadron Collider.

Japan

Yuji Hirono

United States

Kazuki Ikeda

Dmitri E. Kharzeev

Ziyi Liu

Shuzhe Shi

Optimal observables for the chiral magnetic effect from machine learning

We present a novel deep generative framework that uses probabilistic diffusion models for ultrafast, event-by-event simulations of heavy-ion collision output. This new framework is trained on ultrarelativistic quantum molecular dynamics (UrQMD) cascade data to generate a full collision event output containing 26 distinct hadron species. The output is represented as a point cloud, where each point is defined by a particle's momentum vector and its corresponding species information. Our architecture integrates a normalizing flow-based condition generator that encodes global event features into a latent vector, and a diffusion model that synthesizes a point cloud of particles based on this condition. A detailed description of the model and an in-depth analysis of its performance is provided. The conditional point-cloud diffusion model learns to generate realistic output particles of collision events which successfully reproduce the UrQMD distributions for multiplicity, momentum, and rapidity of each hadron type. The flexible point-cloud representation of the event output preserves full event-level granularity, enabling direct application to inverse problems and parameter estimation tasks while also making it easily adaptable for accelerating any event-by-event model calculation or detector simulation.

Germany

Manjunath Omana Kuttan

Kai Zhou

Jan Steinheimer

Horst Stoecker

Ultrafast, event-by-event heavy-ion simulations for next-generation experiments

A novel point-cloud diffusion model for relativistic heavy-ion collisions, capable of ultrafast generation of complete, event-by-event collision output, is introduced. When trained on ultrarelativistic quantum molecular dynamics cascade simulations, the model generates realistic collision event output containing 26 distinct hadron species, as a list of particle momentum vectors along with their particle ID. From solving inverse problems to accelerating model calculations or detector simulations, the model can be a promising general-purpose tool for heavy-ion collisions beneficial to both theoretical studies and experimental applications.

Toward a foundation model for heavy-ion collision experiments based on point-cloud diffusion

We construct an equation of state describing cold and dense matter in the core of neutron stars which includes an admixture of fermionic dark matter and incorporates nucleon effective masses derived from the relativistic Brueckner-Hartree-Fock (BHF) many-body approach within a relativistic mean-field model. Such a BHF-informed mixed-model approach increases stellar compactness, with mass-radius configurations that are consistent with smaller, lighter pulsars. The model displays the expected nonmonotonic behavior of sound speed hinted at by neutron-star data and is closer to the conformal bound at maximum mass. We find that the model displays tension with bounds on heavier pulsars, suggesting that the hypothesis of an aggregated dark component in neutron stars needs further critical study.

India

Arijit Das

Prashanth Jaikumar

France

Adarsh Karekkat

Tanumoy Mandal

Effects of a Brueckner-Hartree-Fock–corrected effective mass on speed of sound, conformality, and observables of dark matter–admixed neutron stars

Dark photons, the hypothetical gauge bosons associated with an additional <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>U</mi><msup><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow><mo>′</mo></msup></mrow></math> symmetry, can couple to standard model particles through a small kinetic mixing parameter <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>ɛ</mi></math> with the ordinary photon. This mechanism provides a portal between the dark sector and visible matter. In this study, we present a procedure to derive theoretical upper bounds on the kinetic mixing parameter <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msup><mi>ɛ</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mrow><mo>(</mo><msub><mi>M</mi><mi>U</mi></msub><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math> by analyzing dilepton spectra from heavy-ion collisions across a broad energy range, from SIS to LHC energies. Our analysis is based on the microscopic parton-hadron-string dynamics (PHSD) transport approach, which successfully reproduces the measured dilepton spectra in <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>p</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>p</mi></mrow><mo>,</mo><mo> </mo><mrow><mi>p</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>A</mi></mrow></math>, and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>A</mi></mrow></math> collisions across the same energy range. Besides the dilepton channels resulting from interactions and decays of standard model particles (such as mesons and baryons), the PHSD has been extended to include the decay of hypothetical dark photons into dileptons, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>U</mi><mo>→</mo><msup><mi>e</mi><mo>+</mo></msup><msup><mi>e</mi><mo>−</mo></msup></mrow></math>. The production of these dark photons occurs via Dalitz decays of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msup><mi>π</mi><mn>0</mn></msup><mo>,</mo><mo> </mo><mi>η</mi><mo>,</mo><mo> </mo><mi>ω</mi><mo>,</mo><mo> </mo><msup><mi>η</mi><mo>′</mo></msup></math>, and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi></math> resonances; direct decays of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>ρ</mi><mo>,</mo><mo> </mo><mi>ω</mi></math>, and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>ϕ</mi></math>; the kaon mode <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msup><mi>K</mi><mo>+</mo></msup><mo>→</mo><msup><mi>π</mi><mo>+</mo></msup><mi>U</mi></mrow></math>; and thermal <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>q</mi><mover accent="true"><mi>q</mi><mo>¯</mo></mover></mrow></math> annihilation in the quark-gluon plasma. Our results show that high-precision measurements of dilepton spectra in heavy-ion collisions provide a sensitive and competitive probe of dark photons in the MeV to multi-GeV mass range. Furthermore, we quantify the experimental accuracy required to constrain the remaining viable parameter space of kinetic mixing in dark photon scenarios.

A.W. Romero Jorge

E. Bratkovskaya

T. Song

L. Sagunski

Constraints on kinetic mixing of dark photons from dilepton spectra

We present an updated deep neural network model for inclusive electron–carbon scattering. Using the bootstrap model [B. E. Kowal et al., <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.110.025501">Phys. Rev. C 110, 025501 (2024)</a>], we incorporate recent experimental data, as well as older measurements in the deep inelastic scattering region, to derive a reoptimized posterior model. We examine the impact of these new inputs on model predictions and associated uncertainties. Finally, we evaluate the resulting cross-section predictions in the kinematic range relevant to the Hyper-Kamiokande and DUNE experiments.

Poland

Beata E. Kowal

Krzysztof M. Graczyk

Artur M. Ankowski

Rwik Dharmapal Banerjee

Jose L. Bonilla

Hemant Prasad

Jan T. Sobczyk

Re-optimization of a deep neural network model for electron-carbon scattering using new experimental data

The mean transverse momentum <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mo>〈</mo><msub><mi>p</mi><mi>T</mi></msub><mo>〉</mo></mrow></math> of hadrons has been observed experimentally and in numerical simulations to have a power-law dependence on the hadronic multiplicity <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>N</mi></math> in ultracentral relativistic heavy-ion collisions: <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mrow><mo>〈</mo><msub><mi>p</mi><mi>T</mi></msub><mo>〉</mo></mrow><mo>∝</mo><msup><mi>N</mi><msub><mi>b</mi><mi>UC</mi></msub></msup></mrow></math>. It has been put forward that this exponent <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>b</mi><mi>UC</mi></msub></math> is the speed of sound of quark-gluon plasma measured at a temperature determined from <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mo>〈</mo><msub><mi>p</mi><mi>T</mi></msub><mo>〉</mo></mrow></math>. We study step by step the connection between (i) the energy and entropy of hydrodynamic simulations and (ii) experimentally measurable observables. We show that an argument based on energy and entropy should yield an exponent equal to the pressure over energy density <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>P</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>ɛ</mi></mrow></math>, rather than the speed of sound <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msubsup><mi>c</mi><mi>s</mi><mn>2</mn></msubsup></math>; however, we also observe that <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mo>〈</mo><msub><mi>p</mi><mi>T</mi></msub><mo>〉</mo></mrow></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>N</mi></math> are not sufficiently accurate proxies for the energy and entropy to make this possible in practice. From simulations, we find that the exponent <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>b</mi><mi>UC</mi></msub></math> is significantly different whether the “effective volume” is strictly constant or not, a condition that cannot be enforced experimentally. Additional tests using a modified equation of state find that the exponent <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>b</mi><mi>UC</mi></msub></math> exhibits a variable degree of correlations with the speed of sound and with <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>P</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>ɛ</mi></mrow></math>, but is not an accurate measurement of either quantity in general.

Lorenzo Gavassino

Henry Hirvonen

Jean-Francois Paquet

Mayank Singh

Brazil

Gabriel Soares Rocha

Feasibility of measuring the speed of sound of the quark-gluon plasma from the multiplicity and mean <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>p</mi><mi>T</mi></msub></math> of ultracentral heavy-ion collisions

The nucleon exhibits a rich internal structure governed by quantum chromodynamics (QCD), where its electric charge arises from valence quarks, while its spin and mass emerge from complex interactions among valence quarks, sea (anti)quarks, and gluons. At the advent of QCD, an alternative hypothesis emerged suggesting, at high energies, the transport of a nucleon's baryon number could be traced by a nonperturbative configuration of gluon fields connecting its three valence quarks, forming a <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>Y</mi></math>-shaped topology known as the gluon junction. Recent measurements by the STAR experiment are compatible with this scenario. In light of these measurements, this study aims to explore the mechanisms of baryon transport in high-energy nuclear collisions using the pythia-8 framework, which incorporates a state-of-the-art hadronization model with advanced color flow (CF) and color reconnection (CR) mechanisms that mimic signatures of a baryon junction. Within this model setup, we investigate (i) the rapidity slope of the net-baryon distributions in photon-included processes <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>γ</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>p</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></math> and (ii) baryon over charge transport in the isobaric <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>Ru</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>Ru</mi></mrow><mo> </mo><mtext>and</mtext><mo> </mo><mrow><mi>Zr</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>Zr</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></math> collisions. Our study highlights the importance of the CF and CR mechanisms in pythia-8, which play a crucial role in baryon transport. The results show that the CF and CR schemes significantly affect the isobaric baryon-to-charge ratio, leading to different predictions for baryon stopping and underscoring the need to account for CF and CR effects in comparisons with experimental measurements.

Niseem Magdy

Prithwish Tribedy

Chun Yuen Tsang

Zhangbu Xu

Understanding baryon stopping at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider top energies

In our previous work [<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.101.014003">Phys. Rev. C 101, 014003 (2020)</a>], we analyzed all available data on differential cross sections and spin density matrix elements for the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>γ</mi><mi>p</mi><mo>→</mo><msup><mi>K</mi><mrow><mo>*</mo><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup><mi mathvariant="normal">Λ</mi></mrow></math> reaction using an effective Lagrangian approach. There, the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>t</mi></math>-channel <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>K</mi><mo>,</mo><mo> </mo><msup><mi>K</mi><mo>*</mo></msup></math>, and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>κ</mi></math> exchanges, the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>u</mi></math>-channel <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi mathvariant="normal">Λ</mi><mo>,</mo><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">Σ</mi></math>, and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msup><mi mathvariant="normal">Σ</mi><mo>*</mo></msup></math> exchanges, the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>s</mi></math>-channel <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>N</mi><mo>,</mo><mo> </mo><mrow><mi>N</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>2060</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow><mn>5</mn><mo>/</mo><msup><mn>2</mn><mo>−</mo></msup></mrow></math>, and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>N</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>2000</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow><mn>5</mn><mo>/</mo><msup><mn>2</mn><mo>+</mo></msup></mrow></math> exchanges, and the interaction current were taken into account in constructing the reaction amplitudes. It was found that, overall, the agreement of the theoretical results with the corresponding data is fairly good. However, noticeable discrepancies between the model results and the data on spin density matrix elements <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>ρ</mi><mn>00</mn></msub></math> are still observed in the center-of-mass energy region around <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>W</mi><mo>≈</mo><mn>2.08</mn></mrow></math> GeV, indicating the need for additional reaction mechanisms. On the other hand, the hidden-strange pentaquark-like state <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>N</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>2080</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow><mn>3</mn><mo>/</mo><msup><mn>2</mn><mo>−</mo></msup></mrow></math>, which is proposed to be a <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msup><mi>K</mi><mo>*</mo></msup><mi mathvariant="normal">Σ</mi></mrow></math> molecular state as the strange partner of the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msub><mi>P</mi><mi>c</mi></msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>4457</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math> hadronic molecule, has been found to play quite active roles in reproducing the data for <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msup><mi>K</mi><mrow><mo>*</mo><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup><msup><mi mathvariant="normal">Σ</mi><mn>0</mn></msup></mrow><mo>,</mo><mo> </mo><mrow><msup><mi>K</mi><mrow><mo>*</mo><mn>0</mn></mrow></msup><msup><mi mathvariant="normal">Σ</mi><mo>+</mo></msup></mrow></math>, and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>ϕ</mi><mi>p</mi></mrow></math> photoproduction reactions. Based on these observations, in the present work, we reanalyze the data for the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>γ</mi><mi>p</mi><mo>→</mo><msup><mi>K</mi><mrow><mo>*</mo><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup><mi mathvariant="normal">Λ</mi></mrow></math> reaction by incorporating the pentaquark-like state <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>N</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>2080</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow><mn>3</mn><mo>/</mo><msup><mn>2</mn><mo>−</mo></msup></mrow></math> in our previously proposed model. The results show that, with the inclusion of the contributions of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>N</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>2080</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow><mn>3</mn><mo>/</mo><msup><mn>2</mn><mo>−</mo></msup></mrow></math>, the quality of the theoretical description of the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>γ</mi><mi>p</mi><mo>→</mo><msup><mi>K</mi><mrow><mo>*</mo><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup><mi mathvariant="normal">Λ</mi></mrow></math> data can be considerably improved. In particular, the data on spin density matrix elements <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>ρ</mi><mn>00</mn></msub></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>Re</mi><mspace width="0.16em"></mspace><msub><mi>ρ</mi><mn>10</mn></msub></mrow></math> in the near-threshold energy region are significantly better reproduced. This achievement indicates that the hypothesis of the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>N</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>2080</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow><mn>3</mn><mo>/</mo><msup><mn>2</mn><mo>−</mo></msup></mrow></math> molecular state is compatible with the available data for the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>γ</mi><mi>p</mi><mo>→</mo><msup><mi>K</mi><mrow><mo>*</mo><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup><mi mathvariant="normal">Λ</mi></mrow></math> reaction. The reaction mechanism of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>γ</mi><mi>p</mi><mo>→</mo><msup><mi>K</mi><mrow><mo>*</mo><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup><mi mathvariant="normal">Λ</mi></mrow></math> is analyzed and the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>N</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>2080</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow><mn>3</mn><mo>/</mo><msup><mn>2</mn><mo>−</mo></msup></mrow><mo>,</mo><mo> </mo><mrow><mi>N</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>2060</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow><mn>5</mn><mo>/</mo><msup><mn>2</mn><mo>−</mo></msup></mrow><mo>,</mo><mo> </mo><mrow><mi>N</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>2000</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow><mn>5</mn><mo>/</mo><msup><mn>2</mn><mo>+</mo></msup></mrow></math>, and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>K</mi></math> exchanges are found to provide dominant contributions.

Wen-Ya Tian

Neng-Chang Wei

Yu-Fei Wang

Fei Huang

Bing-Song Zou

Effects of the hadronic molecule <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>N</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>2080</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow><mn>3</mn><mo>/</mo><msup><mn>2</mn><mo>−</mo></msup></mrow></math> on <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msup><mi>K</mi><mrow><mo>*</mo><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup><mi mathvariant="normal">Λ</mi></mrow></math> photoproduction