We present a determination of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix element <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mo stretchy="false">|</mo><msub><mi>V</mi><mrow><mi>c</mi><mi>b</mi></mrow></msub><mo stretchy="false">|</mo></math> from the decay <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>B</mi><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mi>D</mi><mo>ℓ</mo><msub><mi>ν</mi><mo>ℓ</mo></msub></math> using a <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mn>365</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><msup><mi>fb</mi><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></math> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>e</mi><mo>+</mo></msup><msup><mi>e</mi><mo>−</mo></msup><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">ϒ</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>4</mn><mi>S</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mi>B</mi><mover accent="true"><mi>B</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover></math> data sample recorded by the Belle II experiment at the SuperKEKB collider. The semileptonic decay of one <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>B</mi></math> meson is reconstructed in the modes <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>B</mi><mn>0</mn></msup><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><msup><mi>D</mi><mo>−</mo></msup><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><msup><mi>K</mi><mo>+</mo></msup><msup><mi>π</mi><mo>−</mo></msup><msup><mi>π</mi><mo>−</mo></msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><msup><mo>ℓ</mo><mo>+</mo></msup><msub><mi>ν</mi><mo>ℓ</mo></msub></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>B</mi><mo>+</mo></msup><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><msup><mover accent="true"><mi>D</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover><mn>0</mn></msup><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><msup><mi>K</mi><mo>+</mo></msup><msup><mi>π</mi><mo>−</mo></msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><msup><mo>ℓ</mo><mo>+</mo></msup><msub><mi>ν</mi><mo>ℓ</mo></msub></math>, where <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mo>ℓ</mo></math> denotes either an electron or a muon. Charge conjugation is implied. The second <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>B</mi></math> meson in the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi mathvariant="normal">ϒ</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>4</mn><mi>S</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math> event is not reconstructed explicitly. Using an inclusive reconstruction of the unobserved neutrino momentum, we determine the recoil variable <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>w</mi><mo>=</mo><msub><mi>v</mi><mi>B</mi></msub><mo>·</mo><msub><mi>v</mi><mi>D</mi></msub></math>, where <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>v</mi><mi>B</mi></msub></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>v</mi><mi>D</mi></msub></math> are the four-velocities of the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>B</mi></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>D</mi></math> mesons. We measure the total decay branching fractions to be <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mi mathvariant="script">B</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msup><mrow><mi>B</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msup><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><msup><mrow><mi>D</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo></mrow></msup><msup><mrow><mo>ℓ</mo></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup><msub><mrow><mi>ν</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>ℓ</mo></mrow></msub><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>=</mo><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>2.06</mn><mo>±</mo><mn>0.05</mn><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mrow><mi>stat</mi></mrow><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>±</mo><mn>0.10</mn><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mrow><mi>sys</mi></mrow><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>%</mo></mrow></mrow></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi mathvariant="script">B</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msup><mi>B</mi><mo>+</mo></msup><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><msup><mover accent="true"><mi>D</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover><mn>0</mn></msup><msup><mo>ℓ</mo><mo>+</mo></msup><msub><mi>ν</mi><mo>ℓ</mo></msub><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>=</mo><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>2.31</mn><mo>±</mo><mn>0.04</mn><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mrow><mi>stat</mi></mrow><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>±</mo><mn>0.09</mn><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mrow><mi>sys</mi></mrow><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>%</mo></mrow></math>. We probe lepton flavor universality by measuring <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi mathvariant="script">B</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>B</mi><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mi>D</mi><mi>e</mi><msub><mi>ν</mi><mi>e</mi></msub><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>/</mo><mi mathvariant="script">B</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>B</mi><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mi>D</mi><mi>μ</mi><msub><mi>ν</mi><mi>μ</mi></msub><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>=</mo><mrow><mn>1.020</mn><mo>±</mo><mn>0.020</mn><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mrow><mi>stat</mi></mrow><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>±</mo><mn>0.022</mn><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mrow><mi>sys</mi></mrow><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math>. Fitting the partial decay branching fraction as a function of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>w</mi></math> and using the average of lattice QCD calculations of the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>B</mi><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mi>D</mi></math> form factor, we obtain <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mo stretchy="false">|</mo><msub><mi>V</mi><mrow><mi>c</mi><mi>b</mi></mrow></msub><mo stretchy="false">|</mo><mo>=</mo><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>39.2</mn><mo>±</mo><mn>0.4</mn><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mrow><mi>stat</mi></mrow><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>±</mo><mn>0.6</mn><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mrow><mi>sys</mi></mrow><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>±</mo><mn>0.5</mn><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mrow><mi>th</mi></mrow><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>×</mo><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math>.

I. Adachi

K. Adamczyk

L. Aggarwal

H. Ahmed

Y. Ahn

H. Aihara

N. Akopov

S. Alghamdi

M. Alhakami

A. Aloisio

K. Amos

M. Angelsmark

N. Anh Ky

C. Antonioli

D.M. Asner

H. Atmacan

T. Aushev

V. Aushev

M. Aversano

R. Ayad

V. Babu

H. Bae

N.K. Baghel

S. Bahinipati

P. Bambade

Sw. Banerjee

M. Barrett

M. Bartl

J. Baudot

A. Baur

A. Beaubien

F. Becherer

J. Becker

J.V. Bennett

F.U. Bernlochner

V. Bertacchi

M. Bertemes

E. Bertholet

M. Bessner

S. Bettarini

B. Bhuyan

F. Bianchi

T. Bilka

D. Biswas

A. Bobrov

D. Bodrov

A. Bondar

G. Bonvicini

J. Borah

A. Boschetti

A. Bozek

M. Bračko

P. Branchini

R.A. Briere

T.E. Browder

A. Budano

S. Bussino

Q. Campagna

M. Campajola

L. Cao

G. Casarosa

C. Cecchi

M.C. Chang

P. Cheema

L. Chen

B.G. Cheon

K. Chilikin

J. Chin

K. Chirapatpimol

H.E. Cho

K. Cho

S.J. Cho

S.K. Choi

S. Choudhury

I. Consigny

L. Corona

J.X. Cui

E. De La Cruz-Burelo

S.A. De La Motte

G. De Pietro

R. de Sangro

M. Destefanis

A. Di Canto

J. Dingfelder

Z. Doležal

I. Domínguez Jiménez

T.V. Dong

X. Dong

K. Dugic

G. Dujany

P. Ecker

J. Eppelt

R. Farkas

P. Feichtinger

T. Ferber

T. Fillinger

C. Finck

G. Finocchiaro

F. Forti

A. Frey

Determination of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mo stretchy="false">|</mo><msub><mi>V</mi><mrow><mi>c</mi><mi>b</mi></mrow></msub><mo stretchy="false">|</mo></math> using <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>B</mi><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mi>D</mi><mo>ℓ</mo><msub><mi>ν</mi><mi>l</mi></msub></math> decays at Belle II

We present a detailed numerical and analytical study of the out-of-equilibrium dynamics of Model G, the dynamical universality class relevant to the chiral phase transition. We perform numerical 3D stochastic (Langevin) simulations of the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mi>O</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>4</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math> critical point for large lattices in the chiral limit. We quench the system from the high-temperature unbroken phase to the broken phase and study the nonequilibrium dynamics of pion fields. Strikingly, the nonequilibrium evolution of the two-point functions exhibits a regime of growth, a parametrically large enhancement, and a subsequent slow relaxation to equilibrium. We analyze our numerical results using dynamic critical scaling and mean-field theory. The growth of the two-point functions is determined by the nonlinear dynamics of an ideal non-Abelian superfluid, which is a limit of Model G that reflects the broken chiral symmetry. We also relate the nonequilibrium two-point functions to a long-lived parametric enhancement of soft pion yields relative to thermal equilibrium following a quench.

Germany

United States

Adrien Florio

Italy

Eduardo Grossi

Aleksas Mazeliauskas

Slovenia

Alexander Soloviev

Derek Teaney

Quenching through the QCD chiral phase transition

Top quark electroweak interactions serve as a sensitive probe for beyond-Standard-Model physics, potentially exhibiting significant deviations from Standard Model predictions and offering crucial tests of fundamental symmetries in ultraviolet physics. This paper investigates their measurement through deep inelastic scattering (DIS) processes involving top quark loops at the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC), within the Standard Model effective field theory framework. We demonstrate that left-handed electron beam polarization can significantly enhance DIS cross sections for these interactions compared to right-handed scenario, highlighting the pivotal role of high polarization at the EIC in constraining these couplings. Compared to direct <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>p</mi><mi>p</mi><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mi>t</mi><mover accent="true"><mi>t</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover><mi>Z</mi></math> measurements at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), DIS measurements could significantly improve these coupling constraints and effectively resolve parameter space degeneracies present in LHC data. Moreover, the expected precision from the EIC’s high-luminosity phase matches that of LEP electroweak precision measurements, underscoring the EIC’s significant potential to probe top quark properties.

China

Xu-Hui Jiang

Yiming Liu

Bin Yan

Probing top-quark electroweak couplings indirectly at the Electron-Ion Collider

We present a fully backreacted Einstein-Maxwell-Dilaton–flavor model with dynamical light and strange sectors, calibrated to lattice QCD using a machine-learning–assisted spectral method. The model reproduces the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mn>2</mn><mo>+</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></math>-flavor equation of state and chiral dynamics with quantitative accuracy, and maps the Columbia plot with a tricritical point at <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><msubsup><mrow><mi>m</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>s</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>tri</mi></mrow></msubsup><mo>≃</mo><mn>21</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>MeV</mi></mrow></math> and a critical mass <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>m</mi><mi>c</mi></msub><mo>≃</mo><mn>0.785</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>MeV</mi></math>, consistent with lattice results. At finite density, it yields a crossover-to-first-order transition and predicts a critical endpoint at <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>T</mi><mi>C</mi></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>75.4</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>MeV</mi></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>μ</mi><mi>C</mi></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>768</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>MeV</mi></math>, within the reach of heavy-ion experiments. These findings establish a unified holographic framework for the QCD phase structure across quark masses and baryon density, providing the first consistent and quantitative description of both deconfinement and chiral transitions within a single holographic model.

Jin-Yang Shen

Xin-Yi Liu

Jin-Rui Wu

Yue-Liang Wu

Zhen Fang

Toward a holographic realization of the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mn>2</mn><mo>+</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></math>-flavor QCD phase structure

We propose a new inverse seesaw model based on hidden local <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>U</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>1</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math> symmetry framework where the inverse seesaw mechanism is induced at one loop level. A Majorana mass term of singlet fermion is forbidden by the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>U</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>1</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math> symmetry and it is generated at one-loop level by introducing relevant particle contents to get loop diagram, inducing inverse seesaw mechanism. The same particle contents also contribute to lepton magnetic(electric) dipole moment and lepton flavor violating decays without chiral suppression. We can then obtain sizable muon anomalous magnetic dipole moment that accommodate with deviation from the standard model prediction. The constraints from lepton flavor violating decays and electron magnetic(electric) dipole moment are also discussed to explore testability of the model.

Takaaki Nomura

Japan

Hiroshi Okada

Radiative inverse seesaw model with hidden <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>U</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>1</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math> gauge symmetry enhancing lepton <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>g</mi><mo>−</mo><mn>2</mn></math>

We construct an exact solution in four-dimensional Einstein-Maxwell-dilaton theory describing multicentered rotating black holes carrying both electric and magnetic charges obtained via dimensional reduction from five-dimensional Einstein gravity. This generalizes the Majumdar-Papapetrou solution to the rotating case and extends the recent multicentered rotating black hole solutions of Teo and Wan to configurations with unequal electric and magnetic charges. The resulting spacetimes are free of curvature singularities, conical defects, Dirac-Misner strings, and closed timelike curves, both on and outside the horizons, provided that the black holes have either aligned or antialigned spin orientations.

Shinya Tomizawa

Jun-ichi Sakamoto

Ryotaku Suzuki

Asymmetric dyonic multicentered rotating black holes

We investigate photon-hadron transverse energy-energy correlation (TEEC) and azimuthal correlations in the forward rapidity region for proton-proton and proton-lead collisions within the small <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>x</mi></math> saturation formalism based on the color glass condensate (CGC), supplemented by the initial-state and final-state parton shower simulation and hadronization using CASCADE. The study was performed in light of the upcoming FoCal detector of ALICE and the ATLAS detector upgrades with the extended pseudorapidity coverage. We predict a significant difference, at hadron-level, between the normalized TEECs in proton-proton and proton-lead collisions. Having a direct access to partonic subprocesses we also directly investigate the impact of the parton shower and hadronization on the TEEC. The ordinary azimuthal <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>γ</mi></math>-hadron correlations show substantial suppression for proton-lead collision, as predicted earlier at parton level.

Poland

Ishita Ganguli

Piotr Kotko

Transverse energy-energy and azimuthal correlations in forward <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>γ</mi></math>-hadron production in proton-proton and proton-lead collisions at the LHC

Within the framework of the thermal soft-wall model of AdS/QCD, we investigate phenomenological properties of pions at finite temperature. This includes the electromagnetic form factor <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>F</mi><mi>π</mi></msub><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msup><mi>Q</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>,</mo><mi>T</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math>, the thermal mass <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>M</mi><mi>π</mi></msub><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>T</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math>, charge radius <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>r</mi><mi>π</mi></msub><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>T</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math>, the generalized parton distribution (GPD) <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>H</mi><mi>π</mi></msub><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>,</mo><msup><mi>Q</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>,</mo><mi>T</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math>, the charge density <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>ρ</mi><mi>π</mi></msub><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>b</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>T</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math> of the pion, the pion-nucleon coupling constant <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>g</mi><mrow><mi>π</mi><mi>N</mi><mi>N</mi></mrow></msub><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>T</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math>, and pion-<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi></math> baryon coupling constant <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>g</mi><mrow><mi>π</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi></mrow></msub><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>T</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math> coupling constant at finite temperature. The thermal pion form factor is extrapolated from the zero-temperature case. Subsequently, the GPD is obtained at finite temperature from this form factor. The above-mentioned quantities were analyzed using a thermal dilaton field in the five-dimensional anti–de Sitter action. Moreover, we determine the theoretical expression for the temperature-dependent pion-nucleon coupling constant, and the pion-<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi></math> baryon coupling constant using thermal profile functions of the nucleon, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi></math> baryon and the pion. Our results show that the values of these quantities decrease with increasing temperature and vanish near the critical temperature <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>T</mi><mi>c</mi></msub></math>, except for the pion radius, which diverges at <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>T</mi><mi>c</mi></msub></math>. Our results reproduce expected features of low-energy hadron dynamics, thus validating the phenomenological utility of the thermal soft-wall model.

Azerbaijan

Narmin Nasibova

Xerxes D. Arsiwalla

Pion phenomenology from the thermal soft-wall model of holographic QCD

We employ deep learning within holographic duality to investigate <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>T</mi></math>-linear resistivity, a hallmark of strange metals. Utilizing physics-informed neural networks, we incorporate boundary data for <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>T</mi></math>-linear resistivity and bulk differential equations into a loss function. This approach allows us to derive dilaton potentials in Einstein-Maxwell-dilaton-axion theories, capturing essential features of strange metals, such as <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>T</mi></math>-linear resistivity and linear specific heat scaling. We also explore the impact of the resistivity slope on dilaton potentials. Regardless of slope, dilaton potentials exhibit universal exponential growth at low temperatures, driving <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>T</mi></math>-linear resistivity and matching infrared geometric analyses. At a specific slope, our method rediscovers the Gubser-Rocha model, a well-known holographic model of strange metals. Additionally, the robustness of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>T</mi></math>-linear resistivity at higher temperatures correlates with the asymptotic Anti-de Sitter behavior of the dilaton coupling to the Maxwell term. Our findings suggest that deep learning could help uncover mechanisms in holographic condensed matter systems and advance our understanding of strange metals.

South Korea

Byoungjoon Ahn

Spain

Hyun-Sik Jeong

Chang-Woo Ji

Keun-Young Kim

Kwan Yun

Deep learning-based holography for <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>T</mi></math>-linear resistivity

The deuteron “D” is the simplest nucleus with the spin <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mi>S</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></math>, therefore its electromagnetic structure is completely described by three different form factors: the charge <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>G</mi><mi>C</mi></msub><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>t</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math>, magnetic <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>G</mi><mi>M</mi></msub><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>t</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math>, and quadrupole <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>G</mi><mi>Q</mi></msub><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>t</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math>, where <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>t</mi><mo>=</mo><mo>−</mo><msup><mi>q</mi><mn>2</mn></msup></math> is the momentum transfer squared of the electrons or the deuterons in the elastic scattering of electrons on deuterons. All three deuteron form factors are theoretically related to the functions <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>A</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>t</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math>, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>B</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>t</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math>, and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>T</mi><mn>20</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>t</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math> to be numerically evaluated with errors, whereby <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>A</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>t</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>B</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>t</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math> in a measurement of the differential cross section of elastic scattering of unpolarized electrons on unpolarized deuterons, and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>T</mi><mn>20</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>t</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math> in measurements of the elastic scattering of the longitudinally polarized electrons, respectively also on the polarized deuteron target. The obtained data are utilized to fix parameters of the deuteron electromagnetic form factors to be constructed in the form of the unitary and analytic model. Afterwards these form factors are analytically continued into the timelike region, with the aim to predict artificial behavior of the total cross section <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>σ</mi><mi>tot</mi></msub><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msup><mi>e</mi><mo>+</mo></msup><msup><mi>e</mi><mo>−</mo></msup><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mi>D</mi><mover accent="true"><mi>D</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>s</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math>. By means of the latter, artificial data with errors on the deuteron “effective” electromagnetic form factor are produced theoretically. Finally, such data render a possibility to investigate the deuteron damped oscillation regular structures.

Slovakia

A.Z. Dubničková

S. Dubnička

P. Weisenpacher

Damped oscillation regular structures from the deuteron effective electromagnetic form factor data