Within the method of parity-projected QCD sum rules, we study the mass spectra of light hybrid baryons with <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>I</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msup><mi>J</mi><mi>P</mi></msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>/</mo><mn>2</mn><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>/</mo><msup><mn>2</mn><mo>±</mo></msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>,</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>/</mo><mn>2</mn><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>/</mo><msup><mn>2</mn><mo>±</mo></msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>,</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>/</mo><mn>2</mn><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>/</mo><msup><mn>2</mn><mo>±</mo></msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>,</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>/</mo><mn>2</mn><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>/</mo><msup><mn>2</mn><mo>±</mo></msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math> by constructing the local <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>q</mi><mi>q</mi><mi>q</mi><mi>g</mi></math> interpolating currents. We calculate the correlation functions up to dimension eight condensates at the leading order of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>α</mi><mi>s</mi></msub></math>. The stable QCD Lapalce sum rules can be established for the positive-parity <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>N</mi><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>/</mo><msup><mn>2</mn><mo>+</mo></msup></mrow></msub><mo>,</mo><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi><mrow><mn>3</mn><mo>/</mo><msup><mn>2</mn><mo>+</mo></msup></mrow></msub><mo>,</mo><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>/</mo><msup><mn>2</mn><mo>+</mo></msup></mrow></msub></math> and negative-parity <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>N</mi><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>/</mo><msup><mn>2</mn><mo>−</mo></msup></mrow></msub><mo>,</mo><msub><mi>N</mi><mrow><mn>3</mn><mo>/</mo><msup><mn>2</mn><mo>−</mo></msup></mrow></msub><mo>,</mo><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>/</mo><msup><mn>2</mn><mo>−</mo></msup></mrow></msub></math> channels to extract their mass spectra. The lowest-lying hybrid baryons are predicted to be the positive-parity <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>N</mi><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>/</mo><msup><mn>2</mn><mo>+</mo></msup></mrow></msub></math> state around 2.01 GeV. These hybrid baryons mainly decay into conventional baryon plus meson final states. We propose to search for the light hybrid baryons through the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi mathvariant="normal">ϒ</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>ψ</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>3686</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math> decays via the three-gluon emission mechanism in BESIII and BelleII experiments. Hopefully, our studies of the light hybrid baryons will be useful for understanding the excited baryon spectrum and the behavior of gluonic degrees of freedom in QCD.

China

Qi-Nan Wang

Ding-Kun Lian

Wei Chen

Hui-Min Yang

Hua-Xing Chen

United States

J. Ho

Canada

T.G. Steele

Predictions of masses for light hybrid baryons

The dissipative properties of relativistic strongly interacting nuclear matter significantly influence the damping of stellar oscillations and density fluctuations during compact star mergers. In this work, we derive the evolution equation for the bulk viscous pressure in unpaired quark matter under small deviations from equilibrium. Our analysis reveals that it behaves like a two-component Burgers fluid. We identify four key transport coefficients—two relaxation times and two bulk viscosity coefficients—expressed in terms of equilibrium parameters and electroweak nonleptonic and semileptonic decay rates. The transport coefficients are evaluated for two distinct equations of state: one based on perturbative quantum chromodynamics and the other on a modified MIT bag model, valid in different density regimes. We also determine the temperature and density region where nonleptonic electroweak processes dominate the dissipation. Our formulation establishes a new way of describing bulk viscous effects in quark matter, applicable for numerical simulations of compact star mergers.

Spain

José Luis Hernández

Cristina Manuel

Saga Säppi

Laura Tolos

Burgers equation for the bulk viscous pressure of quark matter

In this paper, we propose an experiment, LANSCE-mQ, aiming to detect fractionally charged and millicharged particles (mCPs) using an 800 MeV proton beam fixed target at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) facility at Los Alamos National Laboratory. This search can shed new light on numerous fundamental questions, including charge quantization, the predictions of string theories and grand unification theories, the gauge symmetry of the Standard Model, dark sector models, and the tests of cosmic reheating. We propose to install two-layer scintillation detectors made of plastic (such as EJ-200) or <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>CeBr</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></math> to search for mCPs. Dedicated geant4 detector simulations and in situ measurements have been conducted to obtain a preliminary determination of the background rate. The dominant backgrounds are beam-induced neutrons and coincident dark current signals from the photomultiplier tubes, while beam-induced high-energy photons (<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>γ</mi></math>’s) and cosmic muons are subdominant. We determined that LANSCE-mQ, the dedicated mCP experiment, has the leading mCP sensitivity for mass between <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mo>∼</mo><mn>1</mn></math> and 300 MeV.

United Kingdom

Yu-Dai Tsai

South Korea

Insung Hwang

Ryan Schmitz

Matthew Citron

Kranti Gunthoti

Jacob Steenis

Hoyong Jeong

Hyunki Moon

Jae Hyeok Yoo

Ming Xiong Liu

Proposal for a dedicated search for millicharged and fractionally charged particles at LANL

Most existing and proposed high-energy neutrino experiments have excellent muon charge identification capabilities, enabling the distinction of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>ν</mi><mi>μ</mi></msub></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mover accent="true"><mi>ν</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover><mi>μ</mi></msub></math> charged current interactions. In contrast, distinguishing electrons and positrons from <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>ν</mi><mi>e</mi></msub></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mover accent="true"><mi>ν</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover><mi>e</mi></msub></math> interactions is typically impossible, as they quickly interact within the characteristically dense detector material and fail to reach the spectrometer. In this letter, we propose a compact and cost-effective plastic target, placed right before the spectrometer, to maximize the rate of electrons and positrons that reach the spectrometer before interacting. We demonstrate that, when installed at the FASER experiment, the Forward Physics Facility, or SHiP, this setup could enable the first separate measurement of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>ν</mi><mi>e</mi></msub></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mover accent="true"><mi>ν</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover><mi>e</mi></msub></math> cross sections at high energy. Additionally, this setup opens new opportunities to study forward particle production at collider neutrino experiments, such as constraining forward <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi mathvariant="normal">Λ</mi></math> hyperon production, and, by reducing flux uncertainties, significantly improve limits on nonstandard neutrino interactions in neutral currents.

Germany

Felix Kling

Toni Mäkelä

Josh McFayden

Antielectron neutrinos at high-energy neutrino experiments: Identification strategies and physics potential

We present the magnetic oscillatory resonator for rare-interaction studies (MORRIS) and propose the first tabletop search for non-Newtonian gravity due to a Yukawa-like fifth force using a magnetically levitated particle. Our experiment comprises a levitated submillimeter magnet in a superconducting trap that is driven by a time-periodic source. Featuring short-, medium-, and long-term stages, MORRIS will admit increasing sensitivities to the force coupling strength <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>α</mi></math>, optimally probing screening lengths of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>λ</mi><mo>∼</mo><mn>1</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>mm</mi></math>. Our short-term setup provides a proof-of-principle study, with our medium- and long-term stages respectively constraining <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>α</mi><mo>≲</mo><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>4</mn></mrow></msup></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>α</mi><mo>≲</mo><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>5</mn></mrow></msup></math>, leading over existing bounds. Our projections are readily recastable to concrete models predicting the existence of fifth forces, and our statistical analysis is generally applicable to well-characterized sinusoidal driving forces. By leveraging ultralow dissipation and heavy test masses, MORRIS opens a new window onto tests of small-scale gravity and searches for physics beyond the Standard Model.

Dorian W.P. Amaral

Tim M. Fuchs

Hendrik Ulbricht

Christopher D. Tunnell

Magnetic levitation as a new probe of non-Newtonian gravity

It is well known that in the study of mixing between nonlocal gluon and quark bilinear operators there exists an ambiguity when relating coordinate space and momentum space results. In this work, we show that this ambiguity is due to the lack of a proper regularization prescription of the singularity that arises when the separation between the gluon/quark fields approaches zero. We then demonstrate that dimensional regularization resolves this issue and yields consistent results in both coordinate and momentum space. This prescription is also compatible with lattice extractions of parton distributions from nonlocal operators.

Yao Ji

Poland

Zhuoyi Pang

Fei Yao

Jian-Hui Zhang

Regularization prescription for the mixing between nonlocal gluon and quark operators

Current template-based gravitational-wave searches for compact binary mergers neglect the general relativistic phenomenon of spin-induced orbital precession. Owing to their asymmetric masses, gravitational waves from neutron star–black hole (NSBH) binaries are prime candidates for displaying strong imprints of spin precession. Current searches may therefore miss a significant fraction of the astrophysical population, and the detected NSBH population may be significantly suppressed or biased. Here we report the most sensitive search for NSBH binaries to date by including spin precession for the first time. We analyze data from the entirety of the third LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA gravitational-wave observing run and show that when accounting for spin precession, our search is up to 100% more sensitive than the search techniques currently adopted by the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA collaboration (for systems with strong precessional effects). This allows us to more tightly constrain the rate of NSBH mergers in the local Universe. When focusing on a potentially precessing subpopulation of NSBH mergers, the lack of observed candidates allows us to place an upper limit on the merger rate of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>90</mn></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>79</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><msup><mrow><mi>Gpc</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup><mtext> </mtext><msup><mrow><mi>yr</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math> with 90% confidence. We then show that if there is no preferred direction of component spin, the overall rate of NSBH mergers is on average 16% smaller than previously believed. Finally, we report four new subthreshold NSBH candidates, all with strong imprints of spin precession, but note that these are most likely to be of terrestrial origin.

Ian Harry

Charlie Hoy

Constraining the neutron star–black hole merger rate

In a recent paper, “Nonlocal nucleon matrix elements in the rest frame” [1], it was observed that the next-to-leading order calculations of the renormalization factor can describe, to a few percent accuracy, the logarithm of the lattice quantum chromodynamics (QCD) rest frame matrix elements with separations up to distances of 0.6 fm on multiple lattice spacings. We argue that perturbative QCD breaks down at such a distance scale after resumming the associated large logarithms, while the Ansatz used in the analysis there is not justified in perturbation theory. Besides, we explain the observation in Ref. [1] and demonstrate that the Ansatz fails to describe the data for <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mi>z</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mn>0.3</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>fm</mi></mrow></math>, showing an opposite trend. Finally, although Ref. [1] proposes multiplying the Ansatz by a Gaussian correction model, which is shown to reduce the discrepancy with the data, this does not legitimize the use of perturbative QCD at such distance scales.

Xiang Gao

Jinchen He

Yushan Su

Rui Zhang

Yong Zhao

Comment on “Nonlocal nucleon matrix elements in the rest frame”

We classify and construct supersymmetric solutions of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>D</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>3</mn></math>, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>N</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>2</mn></math> gauged supergravity extended with a Fayet-Iliopoulos term, and null and timelike warped anti–de Sitter (AdS) spacetimes are among them. From the first one, it is possible to obtain a well-defined black hole by periodic identification. We also find charged string solutions that interpolate between two supersymmetric AdS or Minkowski extrema of the scalar potential, one of which corresponds to a horizon with a singularity behind it, and the other which determines the asymptotic geometry.

Türkiye

Nihat Sadik Deger

Ceren Ayse Deral

Supersymmetric null and timelike warped AdS and strings in <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mi>D</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>3</mn></mrow></math>, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>N</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>2</mn></math> gauged supergravity

This paper reports world averages of measurements of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>b</mi></math>-hadron, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>c</mi></math>-hadron, and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>τ</mi></math>-lepton properties obtained by the Heavy Flavor Averaging Group using results available before October 2023. In rare cases, significant results obtained several months later are also used. For the averaging, common input parameters used in the various analyses are adjusted (rescaled) to common values, and known correlations are taken into account. The averages include branching fractions, lifetimes, neutral meson mixing parameters, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi></math> violation parameters, parameters of semileptonic decays, and Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix elements.

Sw. Banerjee

E. Ben-Haim

F. Bernlochner

E. Bertholet

M. Bona

A. Bozek

C. Bozzi

J. Brodzicka

V. Chobanova

M. Chrzaszcz

U. Egede

M. Gersabeck

P. Goldenzweig

N. Gharbi

L. Grillo

K. Hayasaka

T. Humair

D. Johnson

T. Kuhr

O. Leroy

A. Lusiani

H.L. Ma

M. Margoni

R. Mizuk

P. Naik

T. Nanut Petric

A. Pereiro Castro

M. Prim

M. Roney

M. Rotondo

O. Schneider

C. Schwanda

A.J. Schwartz

J. Serrano

B Schwartz

A. Soffer

M. Whitehead

J. Yelton

Averages of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>b</mi></math>-hadron, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>c</mi></math>-hadron, and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>τ</mi></math>-lepton properties as of 2023