The inclusion of spin effects in the binary dynamics for black holes and neutron stars is crucial for the computation of gravitational wave observables. Worldline supersymmetric models have been shown to be particularly efficient at this task up to quadratic order in spin, but progress at higher orders has been hampered by no-go theorems. In this Letter, we propose a novel approach to overcome this problem by extending the supersymmetry beyond minimal coupling. We demonstrate the potential of this approach by computing an “all-order-in-spin,” “linear in curvature,” manifestly supersymmetric Hamiltonian, as well as a “cubic-order-in-spin” Hamiltonian in arbitrary spacetime dimensions. In doing so, we identify a criterion that uniquely determines the Kerr geometry in terms of worldline supersymmetry. Equipped with these Hamiltonians, we demonstrate the exponentiation of three-point and Compton amplitudes using the recently proposed generalized Wilson line approach.

Germany

Domenico Bonocore

Anna Kulesza

Johannes Pirsch

Higher-Spin Effects in Black Hole and Neutron Star Binary Dynamics: Worldline Supersymmetry beyond Minimal Coupling

We present a search for light dark matter particles through their interactions with atomic electrons and nucleons, utilizing PandaX-4T data with an effective exposure of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mn>1.04</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>tonne</mi><mo>·</mo><mi>year</mi></mrow></math> for ionization-only data and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mn>1.20</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>tonne</mi><mo>·</mo><mi>year</mi></mrow></math> for paired data. Our analysis focuses on the energy range (efficiency <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mo>&gt;</mo><mn>0.01</mn></math>) of approximately 0.33 to 3 keV for nuclear recoils and from 0.04 to 0.39 keV for electronic recoils. We establish the most stringent constraints on spin-independent dark matter-nucleon interactions within a mass range of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mn>2.5</mn><mi>–</mi><mn>5.0</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>GeV</mi><mo>/</mo><msup><mrow><mi>c</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math>, spin-dependent neutron-only interactions within <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mn>1.0</mn><mi>–</mi><mn>5.6</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>GeV</mi><mo>/</mo><msup><mrow><mi>c</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math>, and spin-dependent proton-only interactions within <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mn>1.0</mn><mi>–</mi><mn>4.1</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>GeV</mi><mo>/</mo><msup><mrow><mi>c</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math>. Their corresponding limits at <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mn>3</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>GeV</mi><mo>/</mo><msup><mrow><mi>c</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math> are <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mn>1.1</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>43</mn></mrow></msup></math>, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mn>8.4</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>40</mn></mrow></msup></math>, and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mn>2.8</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>38</mn></mrow></msup><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><msup><mrow><mi>cm</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math>, respectively. Additionally, our results improve the upper limits on the dark matter-electron scattering cross section by a factor of 1.5 and 9.3 for heavy and light mediator scenarios, respectively, within <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mn>50</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>MeV</mi><mo>/</mo><msup><mi>c</mi><mn>2</mn></msup></math> to <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mn>10</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>GeV</mi><mo>/</mo><msup><mi>c</mi><mn>2</mn></msup></math>, compared with previous best results. The improved limits reach <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mn>1.5</mn><mo>×</mo><mrow><msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>41</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mn>5.6</mn><mo>×</mo><mrow><msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>37</mn></mrow></msup><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><msup><mrow><mi>cm</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></mrow></math> at <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mn>200</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>MeV</mi><mo>/</mo><msup><mi>c</mi><mn>2</mn></msup></math> for the heavy and light mediators, respectively.

China

Minzhen Zhang

Zihao Bo

Wei Chen

Xun Chen

Yunhua Chen

Chen Cheng

Xiangyi Cui

Manna Deng

Yingjie Fan

Deqing Fang

Xuanye Fu

Zhixing Gao

Yujie Ge

Lisheng Geng

Karl Giboni

Xunan Guo

Xuyuan Guo

Zichao Guo

Chencheng Han

Ke Han

Changda He

Jinrong He

Houqi Huang

Junting Huang

Yule Huang

Ruquan Hou

United States

Xiangdong Ji

Yonglin Ju

Xiaorun Lan

Chenxiang Li

Jiafu Li

Mingchuan Li

Peiyuan Li

Shuaijie Li

Tao Li

Yangdong Li

Zhiyuan Li

Qing Lin

Jianglai Liu

Yuanchun Liu

Congcong Lu

Xiaoying Lu

Lingyin Luo

Yunyang Luo

Yugang Ma

Yajun Mao

Yue Meng

Binyu Pang

Ningchun Qi

Zhicheng Qian

Xiangxiang Ren

Dong Shan

Xiaofeng Shang

Xiyuan Shao

Guofang Shen

Manbin Shen

Wenliang Sun

Xuyan Sun

Yi Tao

Yueqiang Tian

Yuxin Tian

Anqing Wang

Guanbo Wang

Hao Wang

Haoyu Wang

Jiamin Wang

Lei Wang

Meng Wang

Qiuhong Wang

Shaobo Wang

Shibo Wang

Siguang Wang

Wei Wang

Xu Wang

Zhou Wang

Yuehuan Wei

Weihao Wu

Yuan Wu

Mengjiao Xiao

Xiang Xiao

Kaizhi Xiong

Jianqin Xu

Yifan Xu

Shunyu Yao

Binbin Yan

Xiyu Yan

Yong Yang

Peihua Ye

Chunxu Yu

Ying Yuan

Zhe Yuan

Youhui Yun

Xinning Zeng

Peng Zhang

Shibo Zhang

Siyuan Zhang

Shu Zhang

Tao Zhang

Wei Zhang

Yang Zhang

Search for Light Dark Matter with 259 Days of Data in PandaX-4T

The production of identified hadrons in semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering (SIDIS) is sensitive to parton distribution functions and hadron fragmentation functions. Neutrino-induced SIDIS processes probe combinations of these functions differently from their charged-lepton-induced counterparts. We compute charged pion production in (anti)neutrino-induced SIDIS up to second order in perturbative QCD and compare our predictions to precise legacy fixed-target data. We demonstrate the high sensitivity of these data on the parametrization of the fragmentation functions and discuss future SIDIS probes at the LHC Forward Physics Facility.

Switzerland

Leonardo Bonino

Thomas Gehrmann

Markus Löchner

Kay Schönwald

Italy

Giovanni Stagnitto

Identified Hadron Production in Deeply Inelastic Neutrino-Nucleon Scattering

We explore a general mechanism that allows <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>+</mo><mn>1</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi></mrow></math> CFTs to have interesting interface conformal manifolds even in the absence of any continuous internal symmetry or supersymmetry. This is made possible by the breaking of an enhanced continuous symmetry—which is generically noninvertible—arising in the folded theory. We provide several examples and showcase the power of the symmetry-based approach by computing the evolution of the reflection coefficient along the defect conformal manifold. We also discuss higher-dimensional generalizations and we comment on no-go theorems.

United Kingdom

Andrea Antinucci

Christian Copetti

Belgium

Giovanni Galati

France

Giovanni Rizi

Defect Conformal Manifolds from Phantom Noninvertible Symmetries

The equation of state of deconfined strongly interacting matter at high densities remains an open question, with effects from quark pairing in the preferred color-flavor-locked (CFL) ground state possibly playing an important role. Recent studies suggest that at least large pairing gaps in the CFL phase are incompatible with current astrophysical observations of neutron stars. At the same time, it has recently been shown that in two-flavor quark matter, subleading corrections from pairing effects can be much larger than would be naïvely expected, even for comparatively small gaps. In the present Letter, we compute next-to-leading-order corrections to the pressure of quark matter in the CFL phase arising from the gap and the strong coupling constant, incorporating neutron-star equilibrium conditions and current state-of-the-art perturbative QCD results. We find that the corrections are again quite sizable, and they allow us to constrain the CFL gap in the quark energy spectrum to <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><msub><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>CFL</mi></mrow></msub><mo>≲</mo><mn>140</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>MeV</mi></mrow></math> at a baryon chemical potential <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>μ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>2.6</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>GeV</mi></mrow></math>, even when allowing for a wide range of possible behaviors for the dependence of the gap on the chemical potential.

Andreas Geißel

Tyler Gorda

Jens Braun

Color Superconductivity under Neutron-Star Conditions at Next-to-Leading Order

We report on a search for axion dark matter in the frequency range near 5.9 GHz, conducted using the haloscope technique. The experiment employed an 8-cell microwave resonator designed to extend the accessible frequency range by a multifold factor relative to conventional single-cell configurations, while maintaining a large detection volume. To enhance sensitivity, a flux-driven Josephson parametric amplifier operating near the quantum noise limit was utilized, together with a sideband-summing method that coherently combines mirrored spectral components generated by the Josephson parametric amplifier. Data were acquired over the frequency range 5.83–5.94 GHz. With no statistically significant excess observed, we exclude axion-photon couplings <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>g</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>a</mi><mi>γ</mi><mi>γ</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math> down to <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mn>1.2</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>14</mn></mrow></msup><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>GeV</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></mrow></math> at a 90% confidence level. The achieved sensitivity approaches the Kim-Shifman-Vainshtein-Zakharov benchmark prediction, setting the most stringent limits to date in this range.

South Korea

Saebyeok Ahn

Çağlar Kutlu

Soohyung Lee

SungWoo Youn

Sergey V. Uchaikin

Sungjae Bae

Sweden

Junu Jeong

Japan

Arjan F. van Loo

Yasunobu Nakamura

Seongjeong Oh

Jihn E. Kim

Yannis K. Semertzidis

Probing Kim-Shifman-Vainshtein-Zakharov Axion Dark Matter near 5.9 GHz Using an 8-Cell Cavity Haloscope

We define the “squared amplitudes” in planar Aharony-Bergman-Jafferis-Maldacena theory, analogous to those in <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mi mathvariant="script">N</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>4</mn></mrow></math> super-Yang-Mills (SYM) theory. Surprisingly, the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mi>n</mi></mrow></math>-point <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>L</mi></math>-loop integrands with fixed <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mi>N</mi><mo>≔</mo><mi>n</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>L</mi></mrow></math> are unified in a single generating function. Similar to the SYM four-point half–Bogomol’nyi-Prasad-Sommerfield correlator integrand, the generating function enjoys a hidden <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>S</mi><mi>N</mi></msub></math> permutation symmetry in the dual space, allowing us to write it as a linear combination of weight-3 planar <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>f</mi></math> graphs. Remarkably, through Gram identities it can also be represented as a linear combination of “bipartite” <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>f</mi></math> graphs that manifest the important property that no odd-multiplicity amplitude exists in the theory. The generating function and these properties are explicitly checked against squared amplitudes for all <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>n</mi></math> with <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>N</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>4</mn></math>, 6, 8. By drawing analogies with SYM, we conjecture some “graphical rules” the generating function satisfies, and exploit them to bootstrap a unique <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>N</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>10</mn></math> result, which provides new results for <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>n</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>10</mn></math> squared tree amplitudes, as well as integrands for <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>n</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>L</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>=</mo><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>4</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>6</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>,</mo><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>6</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>4</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math>. Our results strongly suggest the existence of a “bipartite correlator” in Aharony-Bergman-Jafferis-Maldacena theory that unifies all squared amplitudes and satisfies physical constraints underlying these graphical rules.

Song He

Canxin Shi

Yichao Tang

Yao-Qi Zhang

Hidden Permutation Symmetry of Squared Amplitudes in Aharony-Bergman-Jafferis-Maldacena Theory

We discover a surprising relationship between exceptional effective field theories (EFTs) in de Sitter space and a notion of generalized energy conservation (GEC) of an <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mi>S</mi></mrow></math> matrix defined in an extended Poincaré patch of four-dimensional de Sitter. By demanding that such an <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mi>S</mi></mrow></math> matrix has support only when the total energies of in and out states are equal, we constrain the coupling constants in theories of self-interacting scalars living in the exceptional series of de Sitter representations. We rediscover the theories of Dirac-Born-Infeld (DBI) and special Galileon, and when increasing the conformal dimension, we find evidence for new exceptional theories where the four-point scalar self-interactions are uniquely fixed in terms of a single coupling constant. We conjecture that for each integer conformal dimension <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi><mo>≥</mo><mn>4</mn></math>, there is at least one exceptional EFT that can be entirely fixed by GEC.

Zong-Zhe Du

David Stefanyszyn

New Exceptional Effective Field Theories in de Sitter Space from Generalized Energy Conservation

We present the first lattice QCD calculations of the isovector helicity transverse momentum-dependent parton distribution function (TMDPDF) and the flavor-dependent unpolarized TMDPDFs for up and down quarks in the proton. Our computations utilize domain-wall fermion discretization with physical quark masses. Employing Coulomb-gauge-fixed quark correlation functions within the large-momentum effective theory framework, we access nonperturbative transverse quark separations <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>b</mi><mi>T</mi></msub></math> up to approximately 1 fm, corresponding to transverse momenta as low as 200 MeV. Based on the quasi-TMD factorization theorem, we construct renormalization-group–invariant ratios that are equal to the corresponding light-cone TMDPDF ratios. At moderate <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>x</mi></math>, our results reveal that the isovector helicity and unpolarized TMDPDFs exhibit nearly identical transverse structure up to a normalization factor, and the unpolarized distributions display only mild flavor dependence. These findings not only support key trends observed in recent global analyses but also provide robust, nonperturbative constraints that can distinguish between different parameterizations. This Letter establishes a first-principles benchmark for TMDPDFs, offering valuable input for ongoing and future experimental efforts to map the proton’s three-dimensional structure.

Dennis Bollweg

Xiang Gao

Swagato Mukherjee

Yong Zhao

Lattice QCD Benchmark of Proton Helicity and Flavor-Dependent Unpolarized Transverse Momentum-Dependent Parton Distribution Functions at Physical Quark Masses

We introduce generalized pinning fields in conformal field theory that model a large class of critical impurities at large distance, enriching the familiar universality classes. We provide a rigorous definition of such defects as certain unbounded operators on the Hilbert space and prove that when inserted on codimension-one surfaces they factorize the spacetime into two halves. The factorization channels are further constrained by symmetries in the bulk. As a corollary, we solve such critical impurities in the 2D minimal models and establish the factorization phenomena previously observed for localized mass deformations in the 3D <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>N</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math> model.

Fedor K. Popov

Yifan Wang

Factorizing Defects from Generalized Pinning Fields