Non-renormalisable versions of <math altimg='si1.svg'><mi>S</mi><mi>O</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mn>10</mn><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo></math> based on irreducible representations with lesser degrees of freedom, are free of running into the catastrophe of non-perturbativity of standard model gauge couplings in contrast to the renormalisable versions having tensors with many degrees of freedom. <math altimg='si2.svg'><msub><mrow><mn>16</mn></mrow><mrow><mi>H</mi></mrow></msub></math> is the smallest representation, participates in Yukawa Lagrangian at the non-renormalisable level, contributing to the charged and neutral fermion masses, and has six distinct scalars with different <math altimg='si3.svg'><mi>B</mi><mo linebreak='goodbreak' linebreakstyle='after'>&#8722;</mo><mi>L</mi></math> charges. We computed the leptoquark and diquark couplings of different pairs of scalars stemming from all possible decomposition of the term resulting from the coupling of <math altimg='si2.svg'><msub><mrow><mn>16</mn></mrow><mrow><mi>H</mi></mrow></msub></math> with the <bold>16</bold> dimensional fermion multiplet of <math altimg='si1.svg'><mi>S</mi><mi>O</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mn>10</mn><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo></math>, i.e. <math altimg='si4.svg'><mfrac><mrow><mn mathvariant='bold'>16</mn><mspace width='0.2em' /><mn mathvariant='bold'>16</mn><mspace width='0.2em' /><msub><mrow><mn>16</mn></mrow><mrow><mi>H</mi></mrow></msub><mspace width='0.2em' /><msub><mrow><mn>16</mn></mrow><mrow><mi>H</mi></mrow></msub></mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant='normal'>&#923;</mi></mrow></mfrac></math>. Computing the tree and loop level contribution of different pairs to the effective dimension six, <math altimg='si3.svg'><mi>B</mi><mo linebreak='goodbreak' linebreakstyle='after'>&#8722;</mo><mi>L</mi></math> conserving operators, it turns out only three pairs, viz <math altimg='si5.svg'><mi>&#963;</mi><mo stretchy='true' maxsize='2.4ex' minsize='2.4ex'>(</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>0</mn><mo stretchy='true' maxsize='2.4ex' minsize='2.4ex'>)</mo><mo linebreak='goodbreak' linebreakstyle='after'>&#8722;</mo><mi>T</mi><mo stretchy='true' maxsize='2.4ex' minsize='2.4ex'>(</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>,</mo><mfrac><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></mfrac><mo stretchy='true' maxsize='2.4ex' minsize='2.4ex'>)</mo></math>, and <math altimg='si6.svg'><mi>H</mi><mo stretchy='true' maxsize='2.4ex' minsize='2.4ex'>(</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>,</mo><mo linebreak='badbreak' linebreakstyle='after'>&#8722;</mo><mfrac><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></mfrac><mo stretchy='true' maxsize='2.4ex' minsize='2.4ex'>)</mo><mo linebreak='goodbreak' linebreakstyle='after'>&#8722;</mo><mi mathvariant='normal'>&#916;</mi><mo stretchy='true' maxsize='2.4ex' minsize='2.4ex'>(</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>,</mo><mfrac><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>6</mn></mrow></mfrac><mo stretchy='true' maxsize='2.4ex' minsize='2.4ex'>)</mo></math>, and <math altimg='si7.svg'><mi>H</mi><mo linebreak='goodbreak' linebreakstyle='after'>&#8722;</mo><mi>T</mi></math> can induce proton decay at tree level. Assuming that the Yukawa couplings of the <math altimg='si2.svg'><msub><mrow><mn>16</mn></mrow><mrow><mi>H</mi></mrow></msub></math> are comparable to those of the <math altimg='si8.svg'><msub><mrow><mover accent='true'><mrow><mn>126</mn></mrow><mo>&#8254;</mo></mover></mrow><mrow><mi>H</mi></mrow></msub></math> of a realistic <math altimg='si1.svg'><mi>S</mi><mi>O</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mn>10</mn><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo></math> model and setting the cutoff scale to the Planck scale typically constrains the <math altimg='si3.svg'><mi>B</mi><mo linebreak='goodbreak' linebreakstyle='after'>&#8722;</mo><mi>L</mi></math> breaking scale to be <math altimg='si9.svg'><mn>4</mn><mo>&#8764;</mo><mn>5</mn></math> orders of magnitude less than the cutoff scale (&#923;). Moreover, analysing the branching pattern of the leading two-body decay modes of the proton, we observed a preference for the proton to decay into second-generation mesons due to the hierarchical nature of Yukawa couplings. In a realistic <math altimg='si1.svg'><mi>S</mi><mi>O</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mn>10</mn><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo></math> scenario, we find that <math altimg='si10.svg'><msub><mrow><mi>M</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>T</mi></mrow></msub><mo linebreak='goodbreak' linebreakstyle='after'>&gt;</mo><msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>8</mn></mrow></msup></math> TeV, while <math altimg='si11.svg'><msub><mrow><mi>M</mi></mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant='normal'>&#916;</mi></mrow></msub></math> could be as light as a few TeV <italic>s</italic>.

India

Saurabh K. Shukla

Constraining scalars of 16 <inf><italic>H</italic></inf> through proton decays in non-renormalisable <italic>SO</italic>(10) models

We present the psalter software for efficiently computing the mass and energy of the particle spectrum for any (e.g., higher-rank) tensor field theory in the wolfram language. The user must provide a Lagrangian density which is expanded quadratically in the fields around a Minkowski vacuum, is linear in the coupling coefficients, and otherwise built from the partial derivative and Minkowski metric. psalter automatically computes the spin-projection operators, saturated propagator, bare masses, residues of massive and massless poles, and overall unitarity conditions in terms of the coupling coefficients. The constraints on the source currents and total number of gauge symmetries are produced as a by-product. We provide examples from scalar, vector, tensor, and gauge theories of gravity. Each example, including spectra of higher-spin modified gravity theories, may be obtained on a personal computer in a matter of minutes. The software is also parallelized for use on high-performance computing resources. The initial release allows for parity-preserving operators constructed from fields of up to rank three: this functionality will be extended in future versions. psalter is a contribution to the xact project.

United Kingdom

W. Barker

Estonia

C. Marzo

C. Rigouzzo

Particle spectrum for any tensor Lagrangian

We develop the pole-skipping structure in de Sitter (dS) spacetime and find that their leading frequencies satisfy the relation <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>ω</mi><mrow><mi>d</mi><mi>S</mi></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mi>i</mi><mn>2</mn><mi>π</mi><msub><mi>T</mi><mrow><mi>d</mi><mi>S</mi></mrow></msub><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>−</mo><mi>s</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math>, where <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>T</mi><mrow><mi>d</mi><mi>S</mi></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>/</mo><mn>2</mn><mi>π</mi><mi>L</mi></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>s</mi></math> denotes spin. In the two-dimensional dS spacetime, the pole-skipping points near the cosmic horizon <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>r</mi><mo>=</mo><mi>L</mi></math> for the scalar field of spin 0 and the fermionic field of spin <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mn>2</mn></mfrac></math> correspond one to one with those in the classical limit as <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>λ</mi><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mn>0</mn></math> in double-scaled Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model when the temperature is infinite (<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mrow><mi>DSSYK</mi></mrow><mi>∞</mi></msub></math>). This provides a numerical correspondence between quantum gravity in the static patch of two-dimensional dS spacetime and a one-dimensional quantum system, which we consider as a realization of the DS/dS correspondence.

China

Haiming Yuan

Xian-Hui Ge

South Korea

Keun-Young Kim

Pole skipping in two-dimensional de Sitter spacetime and double-scaled SYK model

The charge-velocity-dependent one-scale model is an extension of the canonical velocity-dependent one-scale model that explicitly incorporates additional degrees of freedom on the string world sheet, such as arbitrary currents and charges, expected in physically realistic models. A previous paper [<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.110.023540">Phys. Rev. D 110, 023540 (2024)</a>] started an in-depth classification of its possible asymptotic scaling solutions, with the goal of identifying distinguishing features which may be tested against numerical simulations or future observations. This earlier analysis restricted itself to unbiased solutions; in the present work we relax this assumption, allowing for the possibility of energy loss biases between the bare string and the charge/current or between the charge and the current themselves. We find additional scaling solutions, some of which are parametric extensions of the unbiased ones, while others are new scaling branches that do not exist in the unbiased case. Overall, it remains the case that there are three broad classes of solutions, mainly depending on the balance between the expansion rate and the available energy loss mechanisms. Our results enable a quantitative calibration of the model, using forthcoming high-resolution numerical simulations.

Portugal

F.C.N.Q. Pimenta

C.J.A.P. Martins

Scaling solutions for current-carrying cosmic string networks. II. Biased solutions

We systematically investigate theoretical uncertainties in perturbative analyses of first-order electroweak phase transitions (EWPTs). Utilizing the Standard Model effective field theory framework, we quantify the gauge dependence, renormalization scheme, and scale dependencies in predicting phase-transition parameters across both zero and finite chemical potential regimes. Our key findings reveal that: (1) The gauge-parameter dependence and the chemical potential are subdominant, and (2) Baryon number preservation criteria and phase transition observables exhibit pronounced sensitivity to the renormalization scale in the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mover accent="true"><mi>MS</mi><mo stretchy="true">¯</mo></mover></math> scheme. Comparative analyses with the on-shell scheme demonstrate that within strongly first-order EWPT parameter spaces, the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mover accent="true"><mi>MS</mi><mo stretchy="true">¯</mo></mover></math> scheme predicts enhanced phase transition strengths and prolonged transition durations.

Yongzhao Zhu

Jie Liu

Renhui Qin

Ligong Bian

Theoretical uncertainties in first-order electroweak phase transitions

Helicity selection rules can suppress the leading contributions from dimension-6 operators in the Standard Model effective field theory (SMEFT), reducing sensitivity to potential new physics. This paper explores how the interference contributions from the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>τ</mi></math> lepton’s anomalous dipole moment is restored in different observables, in particular comparing the sensitivity to SMEFT operators of quantum information observable and more traditional spin correlations. We compute the sensitivity of various observables—including entanglement measures, Bell inequality violations, and quantum uncertainties—to new physics effects using Monte Carlo simulations. Spin correlation observables are found to outperform both the integrated cross section and quantum information observables in sensitivity to both <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi></math>-conserving and -violating effects, improving the sensitivity to the scale of new physics by up to a factor of 3. Our results suggest that quantum information observables are suboptimal probes for resurrecting the interference, and more in general to disentangle the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi></math> properties of new physics.

Germany

Prisco Lo Chiatto

Interference resurrection of the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mi>τ</mi></mrow></math> dipole through quantum tomography

In this article, we probe the trilinear <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>R</mi></math>-parity violating (RPV) supersymmetric (SUSY) scenarios with specific nonzero interactions in the light of neutrino oscillation, Higgs, and flavor observables. We attempt to fit the set of observables using a state-of-the-art Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) setup and study its impact on the model parameter space. Our main objective is to constrain the trilinear couplings individually, along with some other SUSY parameters relevant to the observables. We present the constrained parameter regions in the form of marginalized posterior distributions on different two-dimensional parameter planes. We perform our analyses with two different scenarios characterized by our choices for the lightest SUSY particle (LSP), bino, and stop. Our results indicate that the lepton number violating trilinear couplings <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>λ</mi><mrow><mi>i</mi><mn>33</mn></mrow></msub></math> (<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>i</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn></math>, 2) and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mi>λ</mi><mrow><mi>j</mi><mn>33</mn></mrow><mo>′</mo></msubsup></math> (<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>j</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn></math>, 2, 3) can be at most of the order of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>4</mn></mrow></msup></math> or even smaller while <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>tan</mi><mi>β</mi></math> is restricted to below 15 even when <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mn>3</mn><mi>σ</mi></math> allowed regions are considered. We further comment on the possible LHC signatures of these LSPs focusing on and around the best-fit regions.

Arghya Choudhury

Sourav Mitra

Arpita Mondal

Subhadeep Mondal

Markov chain Monte Carlo analysis to probe trilinear <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>R</mi></math>-parity violating SUSY scenarios and possible LHC signatures

We present a study of the transverse size of parton showers and their diminishing interaction with the medium in the high virtuality stage of jet evolution. We consider the process of a hard quark produced in deep inelastic scattering off a large nucleus. Single gluon radiation from this quark, in the absence of scattering, is rederived using wave packets. This allows for a derivation of the quantum uncertainty size of the hard quark, at the point of splitting. This uncertainty size is then incorporated within a Monte Carlo shower routine yielding transverse shower sizes noticeably larger than the classical antenna size of the shower. No clear relation is found between the full uncertainty size of the shower and the virtuality of the originating parton. The single gluon emission from the hard quark is then reanalyzed for the case of single rescattering off the remainder of the nucleus. A relation is derived between the jet transport coefficient <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mover accent="true"><mi>q</mi><mo>̂</mo></mover></math> and the gluon Transverse momentum-dependent parton distribution function (gTMDPDF). Solving this relation, for a simple case, clearly demonstrates the weakening of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mover accent="true"><mi>q</mi><mo>̂</mo></mover></math> with the virtuality of the hard splitting parton.

United States

Canada

Amit Kumar

Abhijit Majumder

Chathuranga Sirimanna

Japan

Yasuki Tachibana

Modified coherence and the transverse extent of jets

Without invoking any cumulant determination at the input level, we present here the first calculations of direct estimates of the Lee-Yang zeros of the QCD partition function in (<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mn>2</mn><mo>+</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></math>)-flavor QCD. These zeros are obtained in the complex isospin chemical potential <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>μ</mi><mi>I</mi></msub></math> plane using the unbiased exponential resummation formalism on <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>N</mi><mi>τ</mi></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>8</mn></math> lattices and with physical quark masses. For different temperatures, we illustrate the stability of the zeros closest to the origin from which we subsequently procure the radius of convergence estimates. From the temperature-dependence study of the real and imaginary parts of these zeros, we try estimating one of the possible critical points forming the second-order pion condensate critical line in the isospin phase diagram. Further, we compare these resummed estimates with the corresponding Mercer-Roberts estimates of the subsequent Taylor series expansions of the first three partition function cumulants. We also outline comparisons between resummed and Taylor series results of these cumulants for real and imaginary values of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>μ</mi><mi>I</mi></msub></math> and highlight the behavior of different expansion orders within and beyond the obtained resummed estimates of the radius of convergence. We also reestablish that this resummed radius of convergence can efficiently capture the onset of the overlap problem for finite real <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>μ</mi><mi>I</mi></msub></math> simulations.

Sabarnya Mitra

Estimates of Lee-Yang zeros and a possible critical point on the pion condensate boundary in the QCD isospin phase diagram using an unbiased exponential resummation on the lattice

Minimally doubled fermions realize one pair of Dirac fermions on the lattice. Similarities to staggered fermions exist, namely, spin and taste degrees of freedom become intertwined, and a peculiar nonsinglet chiral symmetry and ultralocality are maintained. However, charge conjugation, some space-time reflection symmetries and isotropy are broken by the cutoff. We address the most simple variant, Karsten-Wilczek (KW) fermions, in its parallel and in its perpendicular version. We derive the correct spin-taste representation from first principles. The spin-taste representation on the quark level permits construction of local or extended hadron interpolating operators for any spin-taste combination, albeit with contamination by parity partners and taste-symmetry breaking. We classify all interpolating operators for mesons and diquarks, and give examples for baryons. We also discuss the appropriate discretizations for taste-singlet or taste-isovector mass or chemical potential terms. We explain the counterterms in the spin-taste framework, and derive generic constraints on the parametric form and cutoff effects from the KW determinant and hadronic correlation functions. We derive how and why nonperturbative tuning schemes for the counterterms work, and obtain analytic, assumption-free, nonperturbative predictions for taste-symmetry breaking and other hadronic properties from first principles. In particular, we identify the origin and nature of two different types of taste-symmetry breaking cutoff effects. The few available numerical results for KW fermions validate these predictions.

Johannes Heinrich Weber

Spin-taste representation of minimally doubled fermions from first principles: Karsten-Wilczek fermions