The first evidence for the decay <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>B</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo></mrow></msup><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><msup><mrow><mi>D</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>*</mo><mo>*</mo><mn>0</mn></mrow></msup><msup><mrow><mi>τ</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo></mrow></msup><msub><mrow><mover accent="true"><mrow><mi>ν</mi></mrow><mrow><mo stretchy="true">¯</mo></mrow></mover></mrow><mrow><mi>τ</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math> is obtained using proton-proton collision data collected by the LHCb experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mn>9</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><msup><mi>fb</mi><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></math>, at centre-of-mass energies of 7, 8, and 13 TeV. Here, the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>D</mi><mrow><mo>*</mo><mo>*</mo><mn>0</mn></mrow></msup></math> meson represents any of the three excited charm mesons <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>D</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>2420</mn><msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mn>0</mn></msup></math>, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mi>D</mi><mn>2</mn><mo>*</mo></msubsup><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>2460</mn><msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mn>0</mn></msup></math>, and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mi>D</mi><mn>1</mn><mo>′</mo></msubsup><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>2400</mn><msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mn>0</mn></msup></math>. The <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>B</mi><mo>−</mo></msup><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mrow><msup><mi>D</mi><mrow><mo>*</mo><mo>*</mo><mn>0</mn></mrow></msup><msup><mi>τ</mi><mo>−</mo></msup><msub><mover accent="true"><mi>ν</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover><mi>τ</mi></msub></mrow></math> signal is measured with a significance of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mn>3.5</mn><mi>σ</mi></math>, including systematic uncertainties. The combined branching fraction <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mi mathvariant="script">B</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msup><mrow><mi>B</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo></mrow></msup><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><msubsup><mrow><mi>D</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>*</mo><mo>*</mo><mn>0</mn></mrow></msubsup><msup><mrow><mi>τ</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo></mrow></msup><msub><mrow><mover accent="true"><mrow><mi>ν</mi></mrow><mrow><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mrow></mover></mrow><mrow><mi>τ</mi></mrow></msub><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>×</mo><mi mathvariant="script">B</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msubsup><mrow><mi>D</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>*</mo><mo>*</mo><mn>0</mn></mrow></msubsup><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><msup><mrow><mi>D</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>*</mo><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup><msup><mrow><mi>π</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo></mrow></msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math>, where <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mi>D</mi><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>*</mo><mo>*</mo><mn>0</mn></mrow></msubsup></math> denotes both <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>D</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>2420</mn><msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mn>0</mn></msup></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mi>D</mi><mn>2</mn><mo>*</mo></msubsup><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>2460</mn><msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mn>0</mn></msup></math> contributions, is measured to be <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mo stretchy="false">[</mo><mn>0.051</mn><mo>±</mo><mn>0.013</mn><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>stat</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow><mo>±</mo><mn>0.006</mn><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>syst</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow><mo>±</mo><mn>0.009</mn><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>ext</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo stretchy="false">]</mo><mo>%</mo></mrow></math>, where the last uncertainty reflects that of the branching fraction of the normalization channel <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>B</mi><mo>−</mo></msup><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mrow><msubsup><mi>D</mi><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>*</mo><mo>*</mo><mn>0</mn></mrow></msubsup><msup><msubsup><mi>D</mi><mi>s</mi><mo>−</mo></msubsup><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mo>*</mo><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></msup></mrow></math>. The ratio between the tauonic and muonic semileptonic <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>B</mi></math> decays, with the latter taken from world average values, is also determined and found to be <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mi mathvariant="script">R</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msubsup><mrow><mi>D</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>*</mo><mo>*</mo><mn>0</mn></mrow></msubsup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>=</mo><mn>0.13</mn><mo>±</mo><mn>0.03</mn><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>stat</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow><mo>±</mo><mn>0.01</mn><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>syst</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow><mo>±</mo><mn>0.02</mn><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>ext</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math>.

Netherlands

R. Aaij

United Kingdom

A.S.W. Abdelmotteleb

Switzerland

C. Abellan Beteta

F. Abudinén

T. Ackernley

United States

A.A. Adefisoye

Spain

B. Adeva

M. Adinolfi

P. Adlarson

France

C. Agapopoulou

C.A. Aidala

Z. Ajaltouni

S. Akar

K. Akiba

Italy

P. Albicocco

Germany

J. Albrecht

CERN

F. Alessio

Z. Aliouche

P. Alvarez Cartelle

R. Amalric

Brazil

S. Amato

J.L. Amey

Y. Amhis

China

L. An

L. Anderlini

M. Andersson

A. Andreianov

P. Andreola

M. Andreotti

D. Andreou

A. Anelli

D. Ao

F. Archilli

M. Argenton

Costa Rica

S. Arguedas Cuendis

A. Artamonov

M. Artuso

E. Aslanides

R. Ataíde Da Silva

M. Atzeni

B. Audurier

D. Bacher

I. Bachiller Perea

S. Bachmann

M. Bachmayer

J.J. Back

P. Baladron Rodriguez

V. Balagura

A. Balboni

W. Baldini

L. Balzani

H. Bao

J. Baptista de Souza Leite

C. Barbero Pretel

M. Barbetti

I.R. Barbosa

R.J. Barlow

M. Barnyakov

S. Barsuk

W. Barter

M. Bartolini

J. Bartz

J.M. Basels

Poland

S. Bashir

G. Bassi

B. Batsukh

P.B. Battista

A. Bay

A. Beck

M. Becker

F. Bedeschi

I.B. Bediaga

N.A. Behling

S. Belin

K. Belous

I. Belov

I. Belyaev

G. Benane

G. Bencivenni

E. Ben-Haim

A. Berezhnoy

R. Bernet

S. Bernet Andres

A. Bertolin

C. Betancourt

F. Betti

J. Bex

Ia. Bezshyiko

J. Bhom

M.S. Bieker

N.V. Biesuz

P. Billoir

A. Biolchini

M. Birch

F.C.R. Bishop

A. Bitadze

A. Bizzeti

T. Blake

F. Blanc

J.E. Blank

Evidence for <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>B</mi><mo>−</mo></msup><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><msup><mi>D</mi><mrow><mo>*</mo><mo>*</mo><mn>0</mn></mrow></msup><msup><mi>τ</mi><mo>−</mo></msup><mover accent="true"><msub><mi>ν</mi><mi>τ</mi></msub><mo stretchy="true">¯</mo></mover></math> Decays

In this Letter we continue the investigation of RG flows between Virasoro minimal models of two-dimensional conformal field theories that are protected by noninvertible symmetries. RG flows leaving unbroken a subcategory of noninvertible symmetries are associated with anomaly matching conditions that we employ systematically to map the space of flows between minimal models beyond the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><msub><mrow><mi mathvariant="double-struck">Z</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></math>-symmetric proposed recently in the literature. We introduce a family of nonlinear integral equations that appear to encode the exact finite-size, ground-state energies of these flows, including nonintegrable cases, such as the recently proposed <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mi mathvariant="script">M</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>k</mi><mi>q</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>I</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>q</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mi mathvariant="script">M</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>k</mi><mi>q</mi><mo>−</mo><mi>I</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>q</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math>. Our family of NLIEs encompasses and generalizes the integrable flows known in the literature: <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>ϕ</mi><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>3</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></msub></math>, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>ϕ</mi><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>5</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></msub></math>, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>ϕ</mi><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>2</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></msub></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>ϕ</mi><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>1</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></msub></math>. This work uncovers a new interplay between exact solvability and noninvertible symmetries. Furthermore, our nonperturbative description provides a nontrivial test for all the flows conjectured by anomaly matching conditions, but so far not observed by other means.

Federico Ambrosino

Stefano Negro

Minimal Model Renormalization Group Flows: Noninvertible Symmetries and Nonperturbative Description

We present the first extraction of transverse-momentum-dependent distributions of unpolarized quarks from experimental Drell-Yan data using neural networks to parametrize their nonperturbative part. We show that neural networks outperform traditional parametrizations providing a more accurate description of data. This Letter establishes the feasibility of using neural networks to explore the multidimensional partonic structure of hadrons and paves the way for more accurate determinations based on machine-learning techniques.

Alessandro Bacchetta

Valerio Bertone

Chiara Bissolotti

Matteo Cerutti

Marco Radici

Simone Rodini

Lorenzo Rossi

Neural-Network Extraction of Unpolarized Transverse-Momentum-Dependent Distributions

We present the first study of anti-isolated Upsilon decays to two muons (<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">ϒ</mi><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><msup><mrow><mi>μ</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup><msup><mrow><mi>μ</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo></mrow></msup></mrow></math>) in proton-proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider. Using a machine learning (ML)-based anomaly detection strategy, we “rediscover” the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">ϒ</mi></mrow></math> in 13 TeV CMS Open Data from 2016, despite overwhelming anti-isolated backgrounds. We elevate the signal significance to <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mn>6.4</mn><mi>σ</mi></mrow></math> using these methods, starting from <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mn>1.6</mn><mi>σ</mi></mrow></math> using the dimuon mass spectrum alone. Moreover, we demonstrate improved sensitivity from using an ML-based estimate of the multifeature likelihood compared to traditional “cut-and-count” methods. This is the first ever detection of anti-isolated Upsilons, which can be useful in the study of heavy-flavor fragmentation in quantum chromodynamics. Our Letter demonstrates that it is possible and practical to find real signals in experimental collider data using ML-based anomaly detection, and we distill a readily accessible benchmark dataset from the CMS Open Data to facilitate future anomaly detection developments.

Rikab Gambhir

Radha Mastandrea

Benjamin Nachman

Jesse Thaler

Isolating Unisolated Upsilons with Anomaly Detection in CMS Open Data

The quest to discover new 3D CFTs has been intriguing for physicists. For this purpose, fuzzy sphere regularization that studies interacting quantum systems defined on the lowest Landau level on a sphere has emerged as a powerful tool. In this Letter, we discover a series of new CFTs with global symmetry <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>Sp</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>N</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math> in the fuzzy sphere models that are closely related to the SO(5) deconfined phase transition, and are related to a <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mi>Sp</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>N</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>/</mo><mo stretchy="false">[</mo><mi>Sp</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>M</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>×</mo><mi>Sp</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>N</mi><mo>−</mo><mi>M</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo stretchy="false">]</mo></mrow></math> nonlinear sigma model with a Wess-Zumino-Witten term. We numerically verify the emergent conformal symmetry by observing the integer-spaced conformal multiplets, the quality of conformal generators, and studying the finite-size scaling of the conformality. We discuss possible candidates for these newly discovered CFTs, the most plausible ones being Chern-Simons-matter theories which have <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>N</mi></math> flavors of gapless bosons or fermions coupled to a non-Abelian [viz. Sp(1), Sp(2), etc.] Chern-Simons gauge field. Our Letter provides new avenues for studying interacting CFTs in 3D, possibly facilitating the nonperturbative study of critical gauge theories and previously undiscovered CFTs.

Canada

Zheng Zhou

Yin-Chen He

3D Conformal Field Theories with <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mi>Sp</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>N</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math> Global Symmetry on a Fuzzy Sphere

We revisit the problem of a charged particle scattering off of an Aharonov-Bohm cosmic string. A classic computation gave an infinite total scattering cross section, leading to a Callan-Rubakov-like enhancement which can have important implications on baryon number asymmetry in the early Universe. However, unlike the Callan-Rubakov effect, the Aharonov-Bohm interaction is topological and thus it is surprising that it leads to such a dramatic dynamical effect for single particle scattering. We reexamine this old problem through the modern lens of generalized global symmetries by embedding Aharanov-Bohm strings in a discrete gauge theory. We show that the scattering cross section is suppressed by the core size and there is thus no Callan-Rubakov-like enhancement.

T. Daniel Brennan

Jaipratap Singh Grewal

Eric Y. Yang

Revisiting Scattering Enhancement from the Aharonov-Bohm Effect

By analyzing <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>2712.4</mn><mo>±</mo><mn>14.3</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>×</mo><msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>6</mn></mrow></msup><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>ψ</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>3686</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math> events collected with the BESIII detector operating at the BEPCII collider, the decays <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>χ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>c</mi><mn>0</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mn>3</mn><msubsup><mrow><mi>K</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>S</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msubsup><msup><mrow><mi>K</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>±</mo></mrow></msup><msup><mrow><mi>π</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>∓</mo></mrow></msup></mrow></math> are observed for the first time with statistical significances greater than <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mn>10</mn><mi>σ</mi></math>. The branching fractions of these decays are determined to be <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mi mathvariant="script">B</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msub><mrow><mi>χ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>c</mi><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mn>3</mn><msubsup><mrow><mi>K</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>S</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msubsup><msup><mrow><mi>K</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>±</mo></mrow></msup><msup><mrow><mi>π</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>∓</mo></mrow></msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>=</mo><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>7.95</mn><mo>±</mo><mn>0.50</mn><mo>±</mo><mn>0.65</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>×</mo><msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>5</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math>, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mi mathvariant="script">B</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msub><mrow><mi>χ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>c</mi><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mn>3</mn><msubsup><mrow><mi>K</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>S</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msubsup><msup><mrow><mi>K</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>±</mo></mrow></msup><msup><mrow><mi>π</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>∓</mo></mrow></msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>=</mo><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>2.62</mn><mo>±</mo><mn>0.08</mn><mo>±</mo><mn>0.19</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>×</mo><msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>4</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math>, and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mi mathvariant="script">B</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msub><mrow><mi>χ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>c</mi><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mn>3</mn><msubsup><mrow><mi>K</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>S</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msubsup><msup><mrow><mi>K</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>±</mo></mrow></msup><msup><mrow><mi>π</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>∓</mo></mrow></msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>=</mo><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>1.72</mn><mo>±</mo><mn>0.07</mn><mo>±</mo><mn>0.15</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>×</mo><msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>4</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math>, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic.

M. Ablikim

Russia

M.N. Achasov

Sweden

X.C. Ai

R. Aliberti

A. Amoroso

Q. An

Y. Bai

JINR

O. Bakina

Y. Ban

H.R. Bao

V. Batozskaya

Mongolia

K. Begzsuren

N. Berger

M. Berlowski

M. Bertani

D. Bettoni

F. Bianchi

E. Bianco

A. Bortone

I. Boyko

R.A. Briere

A. Brueggemann

H. Cai

M.H. Cai

X. Cai

A. Calcaterra

G.F. Cao

N. Cao

Türkiye

S.A. Cetin

X.Y. Chai

J.F. Chang

G.R. Che

Y.Z. Che

G. Chelkov

C. Chen

C.H. Chen

Chao Chen

G. Chen

H.S. Chen

H.Y. Chen

M.L. Chen

S.J. Chen

S.L. Chen

S.M. Chen

T. Chen

X.R. Chen

X.T. Chen

Y.B. Chen

Y.Q. Chen

Z.J. Chen

Z.K. Chen

Observation of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>χ</mi><mrow><mi>c</mi><mi>J</mi></mrow></msub><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mn>3</mn><msubsup><mi>K</mi><mi>S</mi><mn>0</mn></msubsup><msup><mi>K</mi><mo>±</mo></msup><msup><mi>π</mi><mo>∓</mo></msup></math>