We derive and analyze a Schwarzschild-like Anti-de Sitter (AdS) (BH) obtained as a static, spherically symmetric solution of Einstein’s equations sourced by a cloud of strings (CoS) and a dark matter (DM) halo modeled by a Dehnen-type density profile. We first study the geodesic motion of massless and massive test particles, emphasizing how the CoS parameter $$\alpha $$ and the DM halo parameters $$(\rho _s,r_s)$$ influence photon spheres, circular orbits, the BH shadow, and the innermost stable circular orbit (ISCO). We then examine scalar perturbations via the effective potential and the associated quasinormal-mode (QNM) spectra, showing how $$\alpha $$ and $$(\rho _s,r_s)$$ deform oscillation frequencies and damping rates, thereby affecting stability diagnostics. Furthermore, we investigate the thermodynamics in the extended phase space, deriving the Hawking temperature, equation of state, Gibbs free energy, and specific heat capacity, and establishing a consistent first law and Smarr relation with natural work terms for $$\alpha $$ and $$(\rho _s,r_s).$$ We find that the interplay between the CoS and the DM halo produces quantitative and sometimes qualitative changes in both dynamical and thermodynamic properties, including shifts in the Hawking–Page transition and heat-capacity divergences, thereby reshaping the phase structure of Schwarzschild–AdS BHs.

India

Faizuddin Ahmed

Algeria

Abdelmalek Bouzenada

Brazil

Edilberto Silva

AdS black hole solution with a dark matter halo surrounded by a cloud of strings

We compare the fixed-order NLO QCD predictions for the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>p</mi><mi>p</mi><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mi>t</mi><mover accent="true"><mi>t</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover><mi>t</mi><mover accent="true"><mi>t</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover><mo>+</mo><mi>X</mi></math> process in the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mn>4</mn><mo>ℓ</mo></math> decay channel with the parton-shower-based results obtained with the powheg and mc@nlo matching methods. In the first case, NLO QCD corrections are consistently included in both the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>t</mi><mover accent="true"><mi>t</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover><mi>t</mi><mover accent="true"><mi>t</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover></math> production step and the decays of the four top quarks, preserving all spin correlations. In the second approach, higher-order effects in top-quark decays with approximate spin correlations are simulated in the pythia parton-shower framework. Additionally, we analyze the impact of including the so-called matrix element corrections in top-quark decays in both parton-shower matched predictions. The comparison is performed at the integrated and differential fiducial cross-section level for the LHC center-of-mass energy of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msqrt><mi>s</mi></msqrt><mo>=</mo><mn>13.6</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>TeV</mi></math>.

Germany

Manal Alsairafi

Nikolaos Dimitrakopoulos

Malgorzata Worek

Modeling top-quark decays in <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mi>t</mi><mover accent="true"><mrow><mi>t</mi></mrow><mrow><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mrow></mover><mi>t</mi><mover accent="true"><mrow><mi>t</mi></mrow><mrow><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mrow></mover></mrow></math> production at the LHC

Kaniadakis holographic dark energy is a one-parameter extension of the standard HDE framework, in which the horizon entropy is reformulated using Kaniadakis entropy. At the cosmological level, it has been shown to give rise to modified Friedmann equations, leading to a richer phenomenology compared to $$\Lambda $$ CDM. In this work we test the Kanadiakis holography model against multiple late-time observational probes, including Type Ia supernovae from PantheonPlus and Union3, Cosmic Chronometer measurements of the Hubble parameter and Baryon Acoustic Oscillation from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument Data Release 2 (DESI DR2). Using a Bayesian inference approach with MCMC methods, we constrain the cosmological parameters of the model and evaluate its performance against $$\Lambda $$ CDM through the Akaike Information Criterion. We find that Kaniadakis holography can provide a better fit for some data combinations, although $$\Lambda $$ CDM remains slightly statistically favored overall. These results highlight Kaniadakis holography as a competitive alternative to the standard cosmological model, offering valuable insights into the role of generalized entropy in dark energy dynamics.

Spain

Giuseppe Luciano

South Africa

Chile

Andronikos Paliathanasis

Late-time cosmological constraints on Kaniadakis holographic dark energy

In the present work, we perform a combined analysis of the cross sections for $$e^+ e^- \rightarrow K^+ K^-$$ and $$e^+ e^- \rightarrow K_S^0 K_L^0$$ by including the interference between direct coupling process and resonance intermediate process. When setting the isospin factor as a free parameter, we can well reproduce the structures in the cross sections for $$e^+ e^- \rightarrow K^+ K^-$$ and $$e^+ e^- \rightarrow K_S^0 K_L^0,$$ however, the isospin factor deviates with the isospin symmetry conservation predicted value of one. By fixing the isospin factor to be one, we find the cross sections for $$e^+ e^-\rightarrow K^+ K^-$$ can be accurately fitted, while the same model parameters fail to adequately reproduce the observed cross section for the process $$e^+ e^- \rightarrow K_S^0 K_L^0,$$ which indicate that there should be contributions from other vector meson states, such as $$\rho (2150)$$ and $$\omega (2220).$$ The combined analysis with $$\phi (2170),$$ $$\omega (2220)$$ and $$\rho (2150)$$ indicate that the inclusion of $$\rho (2150)$$ can improve the descriptions of the cross sections for $$e^+ e^-\rightarrow K^+ K^-$$ and $$e^+ e^- \rightarrow K_S^0 K_L^0.$$

China

Dian-Yong Chen

Jing Liu

Yu Bai

Chun-Hua Liu

Wen-Biao Yan

Zhao-Xia Meng

A combined analysis of $\textit{Y}$(2240) in the $$e^+ e^- \rightarrow K^+ K^-$$ and $$e^+ e^- \rightarrow K_S^0 K_L^0$$ processes

In this paper, we have studied the consequences of some representative neutrino flavor-symmetry models for tri-resonant leptogenesis (which is realized by having three nearly degenerate right-handed neutrinos). To be specific, we have considered a neutrino flavor-symmetry model realizing the TM1 mixing and modular $$\textrm{A}_4$$ , $$\textrm{S}_4$$ and $$\textrm{A}_5$$ symmetry models that have a right-handed neutrino mass matrix $$M_{\textrm{R}}$$ as shown in Eq. (6) which gives three exactly degenerate right-handed neutrino masses and consequently prohibits the leptogenesis mechanism to work successfully. For these models, we study the scenario that the desired right-handed neutrino mass splittings for leptogenesis to work are generated from the renormalization-group running effects. In such a scenario, we explore the parameter space that allows for the reproduction of the observed baryon-antibaryon asymmetry of the Universe.

Zhi-Cheng Liu

Zhen-hua Zhao

Renormalization group running triggered tri-resonant leptogenesis within neutrino flavor-symmetry models

Domain wall (DW) networks may have formed in the early Universe following the spontaneous breaking of a discrete symmetry. Notably, several particle physics models predict the existence of current-carrying DWs, which can capture and store particles as zero modes on it. In this study, we demonstrate that gravitational waves (GWs) generated by current-carrying DWs with fermionic zeromodes exhibit a novel feature: an additional peak with a distinct spectral shape in the GW spectrum resembling mountains, arising from metastable topological remnants, which we term “spherons.” This distinct signature could be detectable in upcoming GW observatories such as LISA. The results suggest that DW networks in beyond Standard Model scenarios could emit GW signals that are significantly stronger and with greater detectability than previously expected.

Poland

Anish Ghoshal

Japan

Yu Hamada

Gravitational waves created by current-carrying domain walls

In this paper, we utilize the maximum entropy prescription to determine a quantum state of a small collision system at the kinetic freeze-out. We derive expressions for multiplicity-selected particle momentum spectra and correlation functions by applying a fixed particle number constraint to this state. The results of our analysis can be useful for interpreting the multiplicity dependence of the particle momentum spectra and correlations in high-multiplicity <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>p</mi><mi>p</mi></math> collision events at a fixed LHC energy.

Ukraine

S.V. Akkelin

Particle momentum spectra, correlations, and maximum entropy principle in high-multiplicity collision events

We establish direct evidence for the perturbative distinguishability between black hole microstates and thermal states using the AdS/CFT correspondence. In two-dimensional holographic conformal field theories, we obtain the subsystem fidelity and quantum Jensen-Shannon divergence, both of which provide rigorous lower and upper bounds for subsystem trace distance. This result demonstrates that perturbative quantum gravity corrections break semiclassical indistinguishability, thereby supporting the recovery of information even from a small amount of the Hawking radiation.

Jiaju Zhang

Perturbative distinguishability of black hole microstates from AdS/CFT correspondence

We analyze the spectra of general nonminimal second-order operators. To do this, we derive the local part of the trace of the second Seeley-DeWitt heat kernel coefficient for such operators in a completely model-independent way. Afterwards, we provide three examples to show how our result can be applied in practical scenarios. In particular, we emphasize this discussion when dealing with a toy model of dynamical torsion, which is viewed as a simple instance of higher-spin fields. All our results are compatible with the literature, and we provide a Mathematica notebook with the model-independent results that are written in the paper.

Dario Sauro

Heat kernel of nonminimal second-order operators

We formulate a light-front model for the pion that explicitly incorporates the gluonic degree of freedom. In this framework, high-energy scattering off the pion is described by an active gluon, while the remaining constituents are treated as a spectator system with an effective mass. The mass spectrum and light-front wave functions (LFWFs) of the pion are determined by solving two Schrödinger-like equations derived from quantum chromodynamics: the light-front holographic equation in the chiral limit and the ’t Hooft equation. Using the resulting LFWFs, we compute the gluon distributions within pion, including the parton distribution functions in comparison with the available global fits, generalized parton distributions, and transverse momentum-dependent distributions. The present analysis is restricted to the Dokshitzer-Gribov-Lipatov-Altarelli-Parisi domain of the pion’s gluon generalized parton distribution, without explicit construction of the Efremov-Radyushkin-Brodsky-Lepage region. Consequently, the polynomiality condition for full Mellin moments is not satisfied by construction. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the obtained LFWFs provide a good description of the gravitational form factors of pion when compared with the recent lattice QCD results.

Satvir Kaur

Chandan Mondal

Gluon distributions in the pion