We explore the properties of vector dark matter (DM) particles that predominantly interact with Standard Model (SM) electroweak gauge bosons using an effective field theory approach. The study emphasizes effective contact interactions, invariant under the SM gauge group, between vector DM and SM-neutral electroweak gauge bosons. Focusing on interaction terms up to dimension-eight, we establish constraints on the model parameters based on the observed DM relic density and indirect detection signals. We also examine the prospects for dark matter-nucleon scattering in direct detection experiments. In addition, we analyze the sensitivity of low-energy LEP data to the pair production of light DM particles (with masses up to 80 GeV). Finally, we assess the potential of the proposed International Linear Collider to probe these effective operators through the detection of DM particles produced in association with mono-photons.

India

Hrishabh Bharadwaj

Exploring vector dark matter via effective interactions

We study the new $Z'$ boson as a portal for the production of Higgs bosons $h_0$ and $H_0$ predicted by the Bestest Little Higgs Model through Higgs-strahlung processes $\mu^+\mu^- \to (Z, Z') \to Zh_0, ZH_0$ . We focus on the resonant and nonresonant effects of the $Zh_0, ZH_0$ signals. In our analysis, we consider the center-of-mass energies of $\sqrt{s}=3, 4, 6, 10, 30$ TeV and integrated luminosities of ${\cal{L}}=2, 4, 6, 10, 30$ ${ {\rm{ab}}^{-1}}$ projected for a future muon collider. The possibility of performing precision measurements for Higgs bosons $h_0$ and $H_0$ is very promising for the future muon collider. Furthermore, our results may be useful to the High Energy Physics community. Complementarily, we generate and provide the Feynman rules necessary for studying processes $\mu^+\mu^- \to (Z, Z') \to Zh_0, ZH_0$ .

J.M. Martínez-Martínez

A. Gutiérrez-Rodríguez

E. Cruz-Albaro

M.A. Hernández-Ruíz

New $\textit{Z}$' boson of the bestest little Higgs model as a portal to signatures of Higgs bosons $\textit{h}$ $_{0}$ and $\textit{H}$ $_{0}$ at the future muon collider

We provide a comprehensive comparison of linear amplifiers and microwave photon counters in axion dark matter experiments. The study is done assuming a range of realistic operating conditions and detector parameters, over the frequency range between 1 and 30 GHz. As expected, photon counters are found to be advantageous under low background, at high frequencies (<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>ν</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mn>5</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>GHz</mi></math>), if they can be implemented with robust wide-frequency tuning or a very low dark count rate. Additional noteworthy observations emerging from this study include: (1) an expanded applicability of off-resonance photon background reduction, including the single-quadrature state squeezing, for scan rate enhancements; (2) a much broader appeal for operating the haloscope resonators in the overcoupling regime, up to <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>β</mi><mo>∼</mo><mn>10</mn></math>; (3) the need for a detailed investigation into the cryogenic and electromagnetic conditions inside haloscope cavities to lower the photon temperature for future experiments; (4) the necessity to develop a distributed network of coupling ports in high-volume axion haloscopes to utilize these potential gains in the scan rate.

United States

Chao-Lin Kuo

Chelsea L. Bartram

Aaron S. Chou

Taj A. Dyson

Noah A. Kurinsky

Gray Rybka

Sephora Ruppert

Osmond Wen

Matthew O. Withers

Andrew K. Yi

Cheng Zhang

Maximizing quantum enhancement in axion dark matter experiments

Axionlike particles (ALPs) can be produced in gamma ray bursts, altering the polarization of the electromagnetic emission in these events. For the first time, we derive bounds on the axion-photon coupling from polarization measurements of GRB 221009A, performing a full calculation of the Stokes parameters, as it is typically done in the astrophysics community. Within astrophysical uncertainties, our limits on the axion-photon coupling are competitive with complementary probes in the axion mass range <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>9</mn></mrow></msup><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>eV</mi><mo>≲</mo><msub><mrow><mi>m</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>a</mi></mrow></msub><mo>≲</mo><msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>8</mn></mrow></msup><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>eV</mi></mrow></math>, further allowing to probe motivated parameter space of ALP dark matter.

Germany

Boris Betancourt Kamenetskaia

Mexico

Nissim Fraija

Gonzalo Herrera

Polarization measurements as a probe of axion-photon coupling: A study of GRB 221009A

We investigate <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi mathvariant="normal">Λ</mi></math> production in semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering using a polarized lepton beam and find that the spin transfer is significantly suppressed by target fragmentation. As further demonstrated by a model estimation, experimental data can be well described once the target fragmentation is taken into account, which alleviates the tension with calculations solely based on current fragmentation. Our findings suggest that, at the energies of existing fixed-target experiments, the separation of current and target fragmentation regions is not distinct. Spin transfer as well as other spin effects offers a sensitive probe into the origin of the produced hadron.

China

Xiaoyan Zhao

Zuo-tang Liang

Tianbo Liu

Ya-jin Zhou

Suppression of Spin Transfer to <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi mathvariant="normal">Λ</mi></math> Hyperon in Deep-Inelastic Scattering

Energy correlators have recently come to the forefront of jet substructure studies at colliders due to their remarkable properties: they naturally separate physics at different scales, are robust to contamination from soft radiation, and offer a direct connection with quantum field theory. The current parametrization used for energy correlators, however, is based on redundant pairwise angles with complex phase space restrictions. In this Letter, we introduce a new parametrization of energy correlators that features a simpler phase space structure and preserves information about the orientation of jet constituents. Further, our parametrization drastically reduces the computational cost to compute energy correlators on experimental data; whereas the time to compute a traditional projected <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>N</mi></math>-point energy correlator scales as <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>M</mi><mi>N</mi></msup><mo>/</mo><mi>N</mi><mo>!</mo></math> on a jet with <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>M</mi></math> particles, our new parametrization achieves a scaling of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>M</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mi>ln</mi><mi>M</mi></math>, remarkably independently of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>N</mi></math>. Even for <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>N</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>3</mn></math>, this improved scaling is particularly important for studies of heavy ion collisions, and higher values of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>N</mi></math> will enable new qualitative understanding of gauge theories. Theoretical calculations for our new energy correlators differ from those of traditional parametrizations only at next-to-next-to-leading logarithmic accuracy and beyond, and we expect that our simpler phase space structure will simplify those calculations. We also discuss how to extend our parametrization to resolved <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>N</mi></math>-point energy correlators that encode angular distances between greater numbers of particles, yielding intuitive visualizations of jet substructure that are qualitatively different for different jet samples. We propose two possible generalizations for probing multiprong jets and testing jet scaling behavior.

Samuel Alipour-fard

Netherlands

Ankita Budhraja

Jesse Thaler

Wouter J. Waalewijn

New Angles on Energy Correlators

In this work, we investigate the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>S</mi></math>- and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>P</mi></math>-wave interactions of the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>D</mi><msup><mover accent="true"><mi>D</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover><mo>*</mo></msup></math> system within the framework of the quasipotential Bethe-Salpeter equation, with the aim of exploring possible molecular states and their corresponding pole trajectories. The interaction potentials are constructed using the one-boson-exchange model, incorporating the exchanges of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>π</mi></math>, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>η</mi></math>, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>ρ</mi></math>, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>ω</mi></math>, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>σ</mi></math>, and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>J</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>ψ</mi></math> mesons, based on heavy quark effective Lagrangians. The poles of the scattering amplitude are analyzed and their evolution on two Riemann sheets is systematically traced as the cutoff parameter increases up to 5 GeV. We identify four molecular states arising from the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>S</mi></math>-wave <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>D</mi><msup><mover accent="true"><mi>D</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover><mo>*</mo></msup></math> interaction. Among them, the bound state with quantum numbers <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>I</mi><mi>G</mi></msup><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msup><mi>J</mi><mrow><mi>P</mi><mi>C</mi></mrow></msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>=</mo><msup><mn>0</mn><mo>+</mo></msup><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msup><mn>1</mn><mrow><mo>+</mo><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math> corresponds well to the experimentally observed <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>X</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>3872</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math>, while its isovector partner with <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>I</mi><mi>G</mi></msup><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msup><mi>J</mi><mrow><mi>P</mi><mi>C</mi></mrow></msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>=</mo><msup><mn>1</mn><mo>−</mo></msup><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msup><mn>1</mn><mrow><mo>+</mo><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math> is found to exist only as a virtual state. Additionally, a <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mn>0</mn><mo>−</mo></msup><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msup><mn>1</mn><mrow><mo>+</mo><mo>−</mo></mrow></msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math> state appears as a bound state. The isovector <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mn>1</mn><mrow><mo>+</mo><mo>−</mo></mrow></msup></math> state, which may be associated with the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>Z</mi><mi>c</mi></msub><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>3900</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math>, is observed to evolve from a bound state to a virtual state as the interaction strength decreases. For the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>P</mi></math>-wave <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>D</mi><msup><mover accent="true"><mi>D</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover><mo>*</mo></msup></math> interaction, the structure <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>G</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>3900</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math> recently observed at BESIII is likely connected to a <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mn>0</mn><mo>−</mo></msup><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msup><mn>1</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mo>−</mo></mrow></msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math> state. A <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mn>0</mn><mo>+</mo></msup><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msup><mn>0</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math> state is also predicted in this channel. Both can appear as either resonance or bound/virtual state depending on the interaction strength.

Xiao-Xiao Chen

Zuo-Ming Ding

Jun He

Pole trajectories from <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>S</mi></math>- and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>P</mi></math>-wave <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>D</mi><msup><mover accent="true"><mi>D</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover><mo>*</mo></msup></math> interactions

We advance the study of pure de Sitter supergravity by introducing a finite formulation of unimodular supergravity via the super-Stückelberg mechanism. Building on previous works, we construct a complete four-dimensional action of spontaneously broken <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi mathvariant="script">N</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn></math> supergravity to all orders in the Stückelberg fields, which allows for de Sitter solutions. The introduction of finite supergravity transformations extends the super-Stückelberg procedure beyond the second order, offering a recursive solution to all orders in the Goldstino sector. This work bridges the earlier perturbative approaches and the complete finite theory, opening new possibilities for de Sitter vacua in supergravity models and eventually string theory.

Austria

Sukṛti Bansal

United Kingdom

Silvia Nagy

Antonio Padilla

Ivonne Zavala

Stückelberg path to pure de Sitter supergravity

Light, weakly coupled bosonic particles such as axions can mediate long range monopole-dipole interactions between matter and spins. We propose a new experimental method to detect such a force exerted by the spin of electrons on a freely falling atom using atom interferometry. The intrinsic advantages of atom interferometry, such as the freely falling nature of the atom and the well-defined response of the atom to external magnetic fields, should enable the proposed method to overcome systematic effects induced by vibrations, magnetic fields, and gravity. This approach is most suited to probe forces with a range <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mo>≳</mo><mn>10</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>cm</mi></math>. With current technology, our proposed setup could potentially extend probes of such forces by an order of magnitude beyond present laboratory limits.

Mahiro Abe

Jason M. Hogan

David E. Kaplan

Chris Overstreet

Surjeet Rajendran

Search for monopole-dipole interactions with atom interferometry

This article explores particle number diffusion in relativistic hydrodynamics using kinetic theory with a modified collision kernel that incorporates the momentum dependence of the particle relaxation time. Starting from the Boltzmann equation within the extended relaxation time approximation (ERTA), we derive second-order evolution equations for the dissipative number current and calculate the associated transport coefficients. The sensitivity of transport coefficients to the particle momentum dependence of the collision timescale of the microscopic interactions in the hot QCD medium is analyzed. For a conformal, number-conserving system, we compare the ERTA-modified transport coefficients for particle diffusion with exact results derived from scalar field theory. With an appropriate parametrization of the relaxation time, we demonstrate the consistency of our analysis and assess the degree of agreement of the results with the exact solutions from scalar field theory. The relaxation times for the shear and number diffusion evolution equations are seen to be distinct in general when the momentum dependence of the relaxation time is taken into consideration.

Sunny Kumar Singh

Poland

Samapan Bhadury

Manu Kurian

Vinod Chandra

Particle number diffusion in second-order relativistic dissipative hydrodynamics with momentum-dependent relaxation time