We study real-time scalar $$\phi ^4$$ -theory in 2+1 dimensions near criticality. Specifically, we compute the single-particle spectral function and that of the $\textit{s}$-channel four-point function in and outside the scaling regime. The computation is done with the spectral functional Callan–Symanzik equation, which exhibits manifest Lorentz invariance and preserves causality. We extract the scaling exponent $$\eta $$ from the spectral function and compare our result with that from a Euclidean fixed point analysis.

Germany

Konrad Kockler

Jan Pawlowski

Jonas Wessely

Critical scaling for spectral functions

We present a general formula for the amplitude of forward exclusive hadronic processes in the semihard regime of perturbative Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), by means of the $\textit{next-to-leading order}$ eigenfunctions of the Balitsky–Fadin–Kuraev–Lipatov (BFKL) kernel, as constructed by Chirilli and Kovchegov. We discuss some formal subtleties in the check of compatibility with the similar formula based on the use of the $\textit{leading-order}$ BFKL eigenfunctions. Finally, in the specific case of the electroproduction of two light vector mesons, we consider the numerical stability of the amplitude when one or the other set of eigenfunctions is adopted.

Italy

Ada Polizzi

Poland

Michael Fucilla

Alessandro Papa

High-energy factorization via eigenfunctions of the next-to-leading-order BFKL kernel

The concept of complexity related to the celestial systems is elaborated within the context of distinct revised gravity theories. However, its interpretation in $\textit{f}$($\textit{R}$, $\textit{G}$) gravity is the main idea of our manuscript. We assume that the inner configuration of the system is a cylindrically symmetric geometry comprising the anisotropic configuration of matter. In our case study, we determine the revised equations of motion combined with the orthogonal decomposition of the Riemann tensor. The implications of anisotropic pressure and nonhomogeneous energy density are relevant. Decisive results relating to the Tolman mass, Weyl scalar, and the complexity factor are derived by incorporating dark source terms corresponding to the $\textit{f}$($\textit{R}$, $\textit{G}$) theory. Additionally, the structure scalars calculated in our manuscript are employed to derive the expression for the complexity factor, after considering reducing the complexity constraint to obtain the solutions for the specific models. The compact structures with anisotropic pressure and non-homogeneous energy density claim the maximum complexity. However, these fluids might not demonstrate any complexity if the implications of non-homogeneous energy density and anisotropic pressure are eradicated because of dark source terms corresponding to the $\textit{f}$($\textit{R}$, $\textit{G}$) theory.

Pakistan

A. Rehman

Azerbaijan

M. Yousaf

China

Faisal Javed

Thailand

Phongpichit Channuie

Interpretation of complexity associated with cylindrically symmetric configuration in $\textit{f}$($\textit{R}$, $\textit{G}$) theory

We study the theory of massless fields of type II strings arising from the string field theory that uses two string fields, a physical one and an extra one that allows the writing of an action, but whose degrees of freedom ultimately decouple. The mechanism allowing the description of the self-dual five-form of type IIB, anticipated by Sen, is used by the SFT to describe all Ramond-Ramond forms in type IIB and IIA in a manifestly duality-invariant way. We find explicit expressions for the leading terms in the gauge transformation of the RR fields and focus on diffeomorphisms, which are exotic for both the physical and the extra fields, perhaps as needed to describe propagating degrees of freedom that do not gravitate. The algebra of diffeomorphisms includes field-dependent structure constants and only closes on-shell, as predicted by the type II SFT gauge algebra.

United States

Raji Mamade

Barton Zwiebach

Type II RR string fields and exotic diffeomorphisms

The (bosonic) Virasoro minimal string, which relates worldsheet string theory to a deformation of the JT gravity matrix model, provides an interesting example of a tractable matrix/string duality. We explore its $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 1 supersymmetric generalization, the super Virasoro minimal string, which we expect to be dual to a deformation of the $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 1 JT supergravity matrix model. The worldsheet theory is characterized by two copies of super Liouville theory, one with central charge $\textit{c}$ > $$ \frac{27}{2} $$ (the spacelike regime) and another with $\textit{c}$ < $$ \frac{3}{2} $$ (the timelike regime), coupled to worldsheet supergravity and subject to diagonal (Type 0A/B) GSO projection. As a first step, we define the timelike theory, which has hitherto not been bootstrapped, by obtaining its spectrum and structure constants. Furthermore, we also outline the matrix model’s predictions for the worldsheet observables. Curiously, all perturbative amplitudes are predicted to vanish in the 0B theory, while all tree-level amplitudes vanish in the 0A case. Using the worldsheet description, we explicitly verify this prediction (modulo an assumption) only for the simplest of the worldsheet observables, the sphere three-point function. A detailed study of other observables and verification of the duality is deferred for the future.

Mukund Rangamani

Jianming Zheng

Towards the super Virasoro minimal string

We explore the nature of running couplings in the higher derivative linear and nonlinear sigma models and show that the results in dimensional regularization for the physical running couplings do not always match the values quoted in the literature. Heat kernel methods identify divergences correctly, but not all of these divergences are related to physical running couplings. Likewise the running found using the Functional Renormalization Group does not always appear as running couplings in physical processes, even for the case of logarithmic running. The basic coupling of the higher derivative SU(N) nonlinear sigma model does not run at all at one loop, in contrast to published claims for asymptotic freedom. At one loop we describe how to properly identify the physical running couplings in these theories, and provide revised numbers for the higher derivative nonlinear sigma model.

John Donoghue

Brazil

Gabriel Menezes

Higher derivative sigma models

Effective field theories are constrained by the requirement that their constituents never move superluminally on non-trivial backgrounds. In this paper, we study time delays experienced by photons propagating on charged shockwave backgrounds in five dimensions. In the absence of gravity — where the shockwaves are electric fields sourced by boosted charges — we derive positivity bounds for the four-derivative corrections to electromagnetism, reproducing previous results derived from scattering amplitudes. By considering the gravitational shockwaves sourced by Reissner-Nordström black holes, we derive new constraints in the presence of gravity. We observe the by-now familiar weakening of positivity bounds in the presence of gravity, but without the logarithmic divergences present in 4d. We find that the strongest bounds appear by examining the time delay near the horizon of the smallest possible black hole, and discuss on the validity of the EFT expansion in this region. We comment on our bounds in the context of the swampland program as well as their relation with the positivity bounds obtained from dispersion relations.

Sera Cremonini

Canada

Brian McPeak

Mohammad Moezzi

Muthusamy Rajaguru

Causality bounds from charged shockwaves in 5d

Thermal two-point functions in holographic CFTs receive contributions from two parts. One part comes from the identity, the stress tensor and multi-stress tensors and constitutes the stress-tensor sector. The other part consists of contributions from double-trace operators. The sum of these two parts must satisfy the KMS condition — it has to be periodic in Euclidean time. The stress-tensor sector can be computed by analyzing the bulk equations of motions near the AdS boundary and is not periodic by itself. We show that starting from the expression for the stress-tensor sector one can impose the KMS condition to fix the double-trace part, and hence the whole correlator. We perform explicit calculations in the asymptotic approximation, where the stress-tensor sector can be computed exactly. One can either sum over the thermal images of the stress-tensor sector and subtract the singularities or solve for the KMS condition directly and perform the Borel resummation of the resulting double-trace data — the results are the same.

Ireland

Ilija Burić

Ivan Gusev

Andrei Parnachev

Thermal holographic correlators and KMS condition

We investigate anisotropic conformal Carroll field theories and their holographic duals. On the field theory side, we focus on the case with scaling exponent $\textit{z}$ = 0 in two and three spacetime dimensions. These theories exhibit infinite-dimensional symmetry algebras, including supertranslations and superrotations, and are closely related to, but distinct from, Warped Conformal Field Theories. We construct the associated Carrollian stress tensor, derive its transformation properties, and analyse the structure of correlation functions under different choices of vacua. On the gravity side, we identify specific plane-wave spacetime geometries realizing the global anisotropic conformal Carroll symmetries. We propose, for each scaling exponent, a phase space of asymptotically-plane wave spacetimes and show that the residual diffeomorphisms reproduce the expected infinite-dimensional conformal Carroll algebra, establishing a framework for anisotropic Carrollian holography.

Belgium

Emilie Despontin

Stéphane Detournay

Sudipta Dutta

Dima Fontaine

Anisotropic conformal Carroll field theories and their gravity duals

Using the data samples of 102 million Υ(1$\textit{S}$) and 158 million Υ(2$\textit{S}$) events collected by the Belle detector, we search for a pentaquark state in the $\textit{pJ/ψ}$ final state from Υ(1$\textit{,}$ 2$\textit{S}$) inclusive decays. Here, the charge-conjugate $$\overline{p }J/\psi $$ is included. We observe clear $\textit{pJ/ψ}$ production in Υ(1$\textit{,}$ 2$\textit{S}$) decays and measure the branching fractions to be $$\mathcal{B}[\Upsilon (1S)\to pJ/\psi +anything]=[8.1\pm 0.6(stat.)\pm 0.5(syst.)]\times {10}^{-5}$$ and $$\mathcal{B}[\Upsilon (2S)\to pJ/\psi +anything]=[4.3\pm 0.5(stat.)\pm 0.4(syst.)]\times {10}^{-5}$$ . We also measure the cross section of inclusive $\textit{pJ/ψ}$ production in $\textit{e}$ $\textit{e}$ annihilation to be $\textit{σ}$($\textit{e}$ $\textit{e}$ → $\textit{pJ/ψ}$ + $\textit{anything}$) = [108 ± 11($\textit{stat.}$) ± 6($\textit{syst.}$)] fb at $$\sqrt{s}=10.52$$ GeV using an 89$\textit{.}$5 fb continuum data sample. There is no significant $\textit{P}$ (4312) , $\textit{P}$ (4440) or $\textit{P}$ (4457) signal found in the $\textit{pJ/ψ}$ final states in Υ(1$\textit{,}$ 2$\textit{S}$) inclusive decays. We determine the upper limits of $$\mathcal{B}\left[\Upsilon \left({1},{2}S\right)\to {P}_{c}^{+}+anything\right]\cdot \mathcal{B}\left({P}_{c}^{+}\to pJ/\psi \right)$$ to be at the 10 level.

X. Dong

S. Zou

H. Zhang

X. Wang

I. Adachi

J. Ahn

H. Aihara

S. Said

D. Asner

H. Atmacan

R. Ayad

S. Bahinipati

Sw. Banerjee

M. Bessner

V. Bhardwaj

D. Biswas

D. Bodrov

A. Bozek

M. Bračko

P. Branchini

T. Browder

A. Budano

M. Campajola

D. Červenkov

M.C. Chang

P. Chang

B. Cheon

H. Cho

K. Cho

S.K. Choi

Y. Choi

S. Choudhury

S. Das

G. Nardo

G. Pietro

R. Dhamija

F. Capua

J. Dingfelder

Z. Doležal

T. Dong

P. Ecker

D. Epifanov

T. Ferber

D. Ferlewicz

B. Fulsom

R. Garg

V. Gaur

A. Giri

P. Goldenzweig

E. Graziani

T. Gu

Y. Guan

K. Gudkova

C. Hadjivasiliou

H. Hayashii

S. Hazra

M. Hedges

W.S. Hou

C.L. Hsu

K. Inami

N. Ipsita

A. Ishikawa

R. Itoh

M. Iwasaki

W. Jacobs

S. Jia

Y. Jin

D. Kalita

T. Kawasaki

D. Kim

K.H. Kim

Y. Kim

Y.K. Kim

K. Kinoshita

P. Kodyš

A. Korobov

S. Korpar

E. Kovalenko

P. Križan

P. Krokovny

T. Kuhr

R. Kumar

T. Kumita

A. Kuzmin

Y.J. Kwon

Y.T. Lai

T. Lam

J. Lange

D. Levit

L. Li

Y. Li

L. Gioi

J. Libby

D. Liventsev

Y. Ma

M. Masuda

T. Matsuda

S. Maurya

F. Meier

Search for a pentaquark state decaying into $\textit{pJ/ψ}$ in Υ(1$\textit{,}$ 2$\textit{S}$) inclusive decays at Belle