We present a method for obtaining an initial-state parton shower model where the (backward) evolution fully consistent with the (forward) evolution of the collinear parton density used. As a proof-of-concept we use parton densities obtained with the parton branching (PB) approach, and modify the default initial-state shower in 8 with this method to be consistent with them. PB is ideally suited for checking the validity of our method since, in addition to producing collinear parton densities, it also produces the corresponding transverse-dependent (TMD) ones, and these can then be directly compared to the transverse momentum distribution obtained from the parton shower. We show that TMD distributions which we in this way obtain from our modified 8 shower using leading order (LO) parton densities and splitting functions are fully consistent with the corresponding leading order TMD densities. At next-to-leading order (NLO) it is not possible to achieve the same consistency using the built-in LO splitting functions in the shower, but we show that by introducing NLO splitting functions using a reweighting procedure, we can achieve consistency also at NLO. The method presented here, which we have named , can be easily extended to any collinear parton densities, as long as the exact conditions for the evolution are known. With the method we obtain an initial-state parton shower which in principle has no free parameters, and is fully consistent with collinear parton densities at LO and NLO.

Germany

H. Jung

Sweden

L. Lönnblad

M. Mendizabal

Sara Taheri Monfared

A parton shower consistent with parton densities at LO and NLO:

The black hole information paradox has been an important problem in quantum gravity. In the study of evaporating black hole, it has been proposed that the holographic map between the semiclassical effective description in bulk and the fundamental description in boundary cannot be isometric. In this work, we would like to study the reflected entropy in an evaporating black hole model through a nonisometric holographic map. We assume that the evaporating is slow enough that it makes sense to ascribe a slowly varying temperature to the Hawking radiation. We then introduce a two-sided black hole model to canonically purify the semiclassical state. The holographic map to the fundamental description is nonisometric and defined by a Haar random unitary matrix. We show that the entropy of radiation in the model computed in the fundamental description matches the result read from the quantum extremal surface formula and agrees with the Page curve. Furthermore, through a nonisometric holographic map, we study the reflected entropies between different regions, including the one between the black holes on different sides, the one between the radiations distributed symmetrically but disconnectedly, and the one between the black hole and the radiation on a single side. Our results are consistent with the existing ones based on the effective descriptions.

China

Bin Chen

Zhi-jun Yin

Reflected entropy in an evaporating black hole through a nonisometric map

This work investigates the discovery potential for singly produced vectorlike quarks (VLQs) <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>T</mi></math> (<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>Q</mi><mo>=</mo><mo>+</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>/</mo><mn>3</mn><mi>e</mi></math>) and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>Y</mi></math> (<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>Q</mi><mo>=</mo><mo>−</mo><mn>4</mn><mo>/</mo><mn>3</mn><mi>e</mi></math>) decaying to <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>W</mi><mi>b</mi></math> at future <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>μ</mi><mi>p</mi></math> colliders with <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msqrt><mi>s</mi></msqrt><mo>=</mo><mn>5.29</mn></math>, 6.48, and 9.16 TeV, analyzing both leptonic and hadronic <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>W</mi></math> decay channels through detailed detector simulations. The hadronic channel demonstrates superior sensitivity, enabling <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mn>5</mn><mi>σ</mi></math> discovery up to <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>m</mi><mi>T</mi></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>3750</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>GeV</mi></math> (<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>m</mi><mi>Y</mi></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>4100</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>GeV</mi></math>) at 9.16 TeV with <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mn>100</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><msup><mi>fb</mi><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></math>, while exclusion limits reach <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>m</mi><mi>T</mi></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>4500</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>GeV</mi></math> (<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>g</mi><mo>*</mo></msup><mo>≥</mo><mn>0.06</mn></math>) and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>m</mi><mi>Y</mi></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>4800</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>GeV</mi></math> (<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>κ</mi><mi>Y</mi></msub><mo>≥</mo><mn>0.04</mn></math>)—significantly beyond LHC capabilities. At 5.29 TeV, discovery regions cover <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>g</mi><mo>*</mo></msup><mo>∈</mo><mo stretchy="false">[</mo><mn>0.15</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>0.5</mn><mo stretchy="false">]</mo></math> for <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>m</mi><mi>T</mi></msub><mo>∈</mo><mo stretchy="false">[</mo><mn>1500</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>2520</mn><mo stretchy="false">]</mo><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>GeV</mi></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>κ</mi><mi>Y</mi></msub><mo>∈</mo><mo stretchy="false">[</mo><mn>0.12</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>0.5</mn><mo stretchy="false">]</mo></math> for <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>m</mi><mi>Y</mi></msub><mo>∈</mo><mo stretchy="false">[</mo><mn>1700</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>2700</mn><mo stretchy="false">]</mo><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>GeV</mi></math>, with exclusions extending to <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>m</mi><mi>T</mi></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>2750</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>GeV</mi></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>m</mi><mi>Y</mi></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>3020</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>GeV</mi></math>. These results, obtained within a simplified two-parameter framework (<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>m</mi><mrow><mi>T</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>Y</mi></mrow></msub></math> and electroweak couplings <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>g</mi><mo>*</mo></msup></math>), establish <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>μ</mi><mi>p</mi></math> colliders as uniquely powerful tools for probing high-mass VLQ states, particularly in the boosted jet regime.

Jin-Zhong Han

Yao-Bei Liu

United Kingdom

Stefano Moretti

Searching for single production of vectorlike quarks decaying into <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>W</mi><mi>b</mi></math> at a future muon-proton collider

United States

Howard Haber

Portugal

P. Ferreira

Erratum to: RG-stable parameter relations of a scalar field theory in absence of a symmetry

The first search for a heavy neutral spin-1 gauge boson (<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>Z</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>′</mo></mrow></msup></mrow></math>) with nonuniversal fermion couplings produced via vector boson fusion processes and decaying to tau leptons or <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>W</mi></math> bosons is presented. The analysis is performed using LHC data at <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msqrt><mi>s</mi></msqrt><mo>=</mo><mn>13</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>TeV</mi></math>, collected from 2016 to 2018 with the CMS experiment and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mn>138</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><msup><mrow><mi>fb</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math>. The data are consistent with the standard model predictions. Upper limits are set on the product of the cross section for production of the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>Z</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>′</mo></mrow></msup></mrow></math> boson and its branching fraction to <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>τ</mi><mi>τ</mi></math> or <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>W</mi><mi>W</mi></math>. The presence of a <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>Z</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>′</mo></mrow></msup></mrow></math> boson decaying to <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>τ</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup></mrow><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>τ</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo></mrow></msup></mrow></mrow></math> (<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>W</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup></mrow><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>W</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo></mrow></msup></mrow></mrow></math>) is excluded for masses up to 2.45(1.60) TeV, depending on the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>Z</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>′</mo></mrow></msup></mrow></math> boson coupling to standard model weak bosons, and assuming a <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>Z</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>′</mo></mrow></msup></mrow><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>τ</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup></mrow><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>τ</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo></mrow></msup></mrow></mrow></math> (<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>W</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup></mrow><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>W</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo></mrow></msup></mrow></mrow></math>) branching fraction of 50%.

Armenia

A. Hayrapetyan

A. Tumasyan

Austria

W. Adam

J.W. Andrejkovic

L. Benato

T. Bergauer

S. Chatterjee

K. Damanakis

M. Dragicevic

P.S. Hussain

M. Jeitler

N. Krammer

A. Li

D. Liko

I. Mikulec

J. Schieck

R. Schöfbeck

D. Schwarz

M. Sonawane

W. Waltenberger

C.E. Wulz

Belgium

T. Janssen

T. Van Laer

P. Van Mechelen

N. Breugelmans

J. D’Hondt

S. Dansana

A. De Moor

M. Delcourt

F. Heyen

S. Lowette

I. Makarenko

D. Müller

S. Tavernier

M. Tytgat

G.P. Van Onsem

S. Van Putte

D. Vannerom

B. Bilin

B. Clerbaux

A.K. Das

I. De Bruyn

G. De Lentdecker

H. Evard

L. Favart

P. Gianneios

J. Jaramillo

A. Khalilzadeh

F.A. Khan

K. Lee

A. Malara

S. Paredes

M.A. Shahzad

L. Thomas

M. Vanden Bemden

C. Vander Velde

P. Vanlaer

M. De Coen

D. Dobur

G. Gokbulut

Y. Hong

J. Knolle

L. Lambrecht

D. Marckx

K. Mota Amarilo

K. Skovpen

N. Van Den Bossche

J. van der Linden

L. Wezenbeek

A. Benecke

A. Bethani

G. Bruno

C. Caputo

J. De Favereau De Jeneret

C. Delaere

I.S. Donertas

A. Giammanco

A.O. Guzel

Sa. Jain

V. Lemaitre

J. Lidrych

P. Mastrapasqua

T.T. Tran

Brazil

G.A. Alves

E. Coelho

G. Correia Silva

C. Hensel

T. Menezes De Oliveira

C. Mora Herrera

P. Rebello Teles

M. Soeiro

A. Vilela Pereira

W.L. Aldá Júnior

M. Barroso Ferreira Filho

H. Brandao Malbouisson

W. Carvalho

J. Chinellato

E.M. Da Costa

G.G. Da Silveira

D. De Jesus Damiao

Search for a Neutral Gauge Boson with Nonuniversal Fermion Couplings in Vector Boson Fusion Processes in Proton-Proton Collisions at <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msqrt><mi>s</mi></msqrt><mo>=</mo><mn>13</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>TeV</mi></math>

The nature of the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>X</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>3872</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math> and other exotic hadrons has been a subject of extensive investigation since the first observation of the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>X</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>3872</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math> in 2003. While various theoretical models have been proposed, including hadronic molecular and compact tetraquark interpretations, some experimental evidence suggests that the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>X</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>3872</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math> may be a mixture state of a hadronic molecule and a <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>c</mi><mover accent="true"><mi>c</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover></math> core. In this work, we perform a systematic study of the hidden-charm tetraquark candidates <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>X</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>3860</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math>, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>X</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>3872</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math>, and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>Z</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>3930</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math> using a coupled-channel model that incorporates both <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>c</mi><mover accent="true"><mi>c</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover></math> states and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>D</mi></mrow><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mo>*</mo><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></msup><msup><mrow><mover accent="true"><mrow><mi>D</mi></mrow><mrow><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mrow></mover></mrow><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mo>*</mo><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></msup></mrow></math> hadronic molecular components. The <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>c</mi><mover accent="true"><mi>c</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover></math> sector is described based on the constituent quark model predictions for the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>χ</mi><mrow><mi>c</mi><mi>J</mi></mrow></msub><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>2</mn><mi>P</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math> (<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>J</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn></math>, 1, 2) states, while the meson-meson interactions are modeled using pseudoscalar and vector-meson exchange potentials. The model parameters are fixed to reproduce the masses of the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>X</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>3872</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>Z</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>3930</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math>, and the resulting framework is used to predict the mass and structure of the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>J</mi><mrow><mi>P</mi><mi>C</mi></mrow></msup><mo>=</mo><msup><mn>0</mn><mrow><mo>+</mo><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup></math> state associated with the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>X</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>3860</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math>. Our results support the mixture interpretation of these exotic hadrons, exhibiting strong attractions from the transition potential between <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>c</mi><mover accent="true"><mi>c</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>D</mi><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mo>*</mo><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></msup><msup><mover accent="true"><mi>D</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mo>*</mo><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></msup></math> components. The molecular component is found to dominate in the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>X</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>3872</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math>, while the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>c</mi><mover accent="true"><mi>c</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover></math> component plays a more prominent role in the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>X</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>3860</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>Z</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>3930</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math>.

Japan

Kotaro Miyake

Yasuhiro Yamaguchi

Hidden-charm tetraquarks in a mixture model: Coupled-channel analysis with <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>c</mi><mover accent="true"><mi>c</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover></math> and hadronic molecular components

We revisit the exclusion constraints on the parameters of a narrow dark photon set by direct experimental searches. We investigate how a dark photon with a larger decay width impacts these limits, in particular, in the case where the dark photon also decays into light dark matter. As an example, taking the upper limits on the mixing parameter, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>ε</mi></math>, reported by the CMS Collaboration, we find that they could be significantly relaxed. Indeed, even a very modest coupling of the dark photon to dark matter can lead to an increase in the bound on the mixing parameter by an order of magnitude.

Australia

J.R. Felix

A.W. Thomas

X.G. Wang

Relaxing constraints on a broad dark photon

The neutrino oscillation experiments are setting increasingly strong upper bounds on the vector Non-Standard neutrino Interactions (NSI) with matter fields. However, the bounds on the axial NSI are more relaxed, raising the hope that studying the neutral current events at an experiment such as DUNE can give a glimpse on new physics. We build a model that gives rise to axial NSI with large couplings leading to observable deviation from the standard prediction at DUNE. The model is based on a <math altimg='si1.svg'><mi>U</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mn>1</mn><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo></math> gauge symmetry with a gauge boson of mass &#8764;30 GeV which can be discovered at the high luminosity LHC. Combining the LHC and DUNE discoveries, we can unravel the axial form of interaction. The cancellation of anomalies of the gauge group suggests new heavy quarks as well as a dark matter candidate. The new quarks mixed with the first generation quarks can also be discovered at the LHC. Moreover, they provide a seesaw mechanism that explains the smallness of the <italic>u</italic> and <italic>d</italic> quark masses. The dark matter has an axial coupling to the quarks which makes its discovery via spin dependent direct dark matter search experiments possible.

Iran

S. Abbaslu

Y. Farzan

A model for axial non-standard interactions of neutrinos with quarks

We study compact kinks in a modified Christ-Lee model where the potential is a non-analytic function at the minima. The model has two control parameters that determine the order of the potential and its overall shape. We consider cases in which the potential has a double well shape, a triple well shape, as well as cases with a false vacuum. Compact kink solutions and their internal modes are found for each of these cases. We also study the collision of such kinks and their dependence on the solitons velocity and on the potential parameters. Several interesting dynamical processes are reported, such as the formation of central oscillons for some high velocity collisions, absence of outgoing solitons in cases where the potential is given by piece-wise linear functions, and the decoupling of subkinks from the larger kink in cases with false vacuum, leading to the formation of false vacuum bubbles.

F. Hahne

R. Thibes

Compact kinks in a modified Christ-Lee model

Sharing nonlocality refers to whether the postmeasurement state in a Bell test can be reused to demonstrate nonlocality among multiple observers conducting sequential measurements. It has become one of fascinating and challenging topics in the past decade. In this study, we shift the nonlocality sharing scenario to near the Schwarzschild black hole to explore how Hawking radiation affects sequential nonlocality sharing. In the ideal case without Hawking radiation, Alice and Bob share a maximally entangled pure state. Bob measures his half and then passes it to a second Bob, who repeats the measurement process, and so on. Previous studies have shown that Bob can perform an infinite number of measurements to achieve nonlocality sharing with Alice. If only Alice or Bob is affected by Hawking radiation, the number of shares becomes finite and depends on the Hawking temperature. Unfortunately, when both are exposed to Hawking radiation, sharing nonlocality becomes nearly impossible. However, we can overcome this limitation by introducing auxiliary entangled sources. By adding several observers sharing an entangled state with Alice, we form a star network. Our results indicate that with these auxiliary sources, sequential network nonlocality sharing is achievable within this star network.

Shuyuan Yang

Kan He

Sharing quantum nonlocality under Hawking effect of a Schwarzschild black hole