In this study, we investigate the possibility of enhancing the di-jet resonance searches by tagging the final state radiation (FSR) jet using an event-level deep neural network. It is found that solely relying on the 4-momenta of the leading three jets allows the algorithm to achieve good discriminating power that can identify the hardest FSR jet in the signal while rejecting other soft jets. Once the invariant mass is corrected with the tagged FSR jet, the mass resolution of the signal is greatly enhanced, and the sensitivity of the search is also improved by more than 10%. By crafting the input variables carefully, the algorithm introduces minimal mass sculpting for the background, and its applicability extends to a broad mass range. This work proves that FSR jet tagging can potentially enhance di-jet resonance searches, suiting various stages of the physics programmes at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC).

China

Bingxuan Liu

Yuxuan Shen

Yuanshunzi Sui

Enhancing di-jet resonance searches via a final-state radiation jet tagging algorithm * Bingxuan Liu is supported by Shenzhen Campus of the Sun Yat-sen University under project 74140-12255011, and by the Young Scientists Fund (C Class) of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (12405122). Both Yuxuan Shen and Yuanshunzi Sui are supported by College Students’ Innovative Entrepreneurial Training Plan Program

We investigated the effect of an isospin chemical potential ( $ \mu_{I} $ ) within the quark-meson model, which approximates quantum chromodynamics (QCD) by modeling low-energy phenomena such as chiral symmetry breaking and phase structure under varying conditions of temperature and chemical potential. Using the functional renormalization group (FRG) flow equations, we calculated the phase diagram in the chiral limit within the two-flavor quark-meson model in a finite $ \mu_{I} $ with $\textit{ρ}$ vector meson interactions. Fluctuation effects significantly decrease the critical chemical potential from the mean-field (MF) value $\mu_{I,{\rm MF}} \gt m_\rho$ to a lower value at which the $\textit{ρ}$ vector meson condensates alongside the chiral condensate once the isospin chemical potential exceeds the critical value $ \mu_{I}^{{\rm{crit}}} $ . This $\textit{ρ}$ condensation was investigated numerically for different meson coupling strengths. The $\textit{ρ}$ meson dominated region is delineated from other phases by a second-order phase transition at lower $ \mu_{I} $ and a first-order transition at slightly higher $ \mu_{I} $ .

Mohammed Osman

Defu Hou

Wentao Wang

United States

Hui Zhang

Functional renormalization group study of $\textit{ρ}$ meson condensate at a finite isospin chemical potential in the quark meson model * Supported in part by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFA1604900). This work is also partly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (12435009, 12275104). Hui Zhang acknowledges the financial support from the Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research (2020B0301030008) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (12047523, 12105107)

We investigate medium-induced modifications to jet substructure observables that characterize hard components in central Pb-Pb collisions at <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msqrt><msub><mi>s</mi><mrow><mi>N</mi><mi>N</mi></mrow></msub></msqrt><mo>=</mo><mn>5.02</mn></mrow></math> TeV. Using a multistage Monte Carlo simulation of in-medium jet shower evolution, we explore flavor-dependent medium effects through simulations of inclusive and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>γ</mi></math>-tagged jets. The results show that quark jets undergo a nonmonotonic modification compared with gluon jets in observables such as the Pb-Pb to <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>p</mi><mtext>−</mtext><mi>p</mi></mrow></math> ratio of the soft drop prong angle <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>r</mi><mi>g</mi></msub></math>, the relative prong transverse momentum <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>k</mi><mrow><mi>T</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>g</mi></mrow></msub></math>, and the groomed mass <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>m</mi><mi>g</mi></msub></math> distributions. Due to this nonmonotonic modification, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>γ</mi></math>-tagged jets, enriched in quark jets, provide surprisingly clear signals of medium-induced structural modifications, distinct from effects dominated by selection bias. Further systematic studies demonstrate that these effects are dominated by recoil medium response. This work highlights the potential of hard substructures in <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>γ</mi></math>-tagged jets as powerful tools for probing the jet-medium interactions in high-energy heavy-ion collisions, in particular by enabling detailed investigations of jet-medium parton scatterings via their associated medium response. All simulations for <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>γ</mi></math>-tagged jet analyses carried out in this paper used triggered events containing at least one hard photon, which highlights the utility of these observables for future Bayesian analysis.

Japan

Y. Tachibana

C. Sirimanna

A. Majumder

A. Angerami

R. Arora

S.A. Bass

Y. Chen

R. Datta

Canada

L. Du

R. Ehlers

Germany

H. Elfner

R.J. Fries

C. Gale

Y. He

B.V. Jacak

P.M. Jacobs

S. Jeon

Y. Ji

F. Jonas

L. Kasper

M. Kordell

A. Kumar

R. Kunnawalkam-Elayavalli

J. Latessa

Y.J. Lee

United Kingdom

R. Lemmon

Brazil

M. Luzum

S. Mak

A. Mankolli

C. Martin

H. Mehryar

T. Mengel

C. Nattrass

J. Norman

C. Parker

J.F. Paquet

J.H. Putschke

H. Roch

G. Roland

B. Schenke

L. Schwiebert

A. Sengupta

C. Shen

M. Singh

D. Soeder

R.A. Soltz

Finland

I. Soudi

J. Velkovska

G. Vujanovic

X.N. Wang

X. Wu

W. Zhao

Effect of recoils on soft-drop-groomed observables in <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>γ</mi></math>-tagged jets in a multistage approach

We produce the gravitational waveforms for the extreme mass ratio inspiral systems (EMRIs) of binary stars moving around central supermassive black hole (SBH), or called B-EMRIs. We calculate the external orbits of the binary stars via the commonly used Hamilton–Jacobi (HJ) approach, and calculate the internal orbits of the binary stars via Lagrangican approach. To improve accuracy we adopt the quadrupole-octupole expression of gravitational wave (GW) and study the contribution of radiation reaction. Compared to the waveforms of EMRIs, there are higher frequency oscillations superposed on the waveforms of B-EMRIs. We perform frequency spectrum analysis of the GW waveforms, and find that higher frequency signals give their prominency in the waveforms of B-EMRIs. To obtain high precise result for future observation of GWs from space-based detector, we take into account gravito-electromagnetic (GEM) force, and compare the waveforms of B-EMRIs with GEM effects against those of B-EMRIs without GEM effects and against those of EMRIs. The result of mismatch shows that the waveforms of B-EMRIs are credibly distinguishable by the space-based GW detectors when GEM force is considered.

Kun Meng

Hongsheng Zhang

Xi-Long Fan

Yong Yuan

Fei Du

Observability of gravitational waves excited by binary stars orbiting around a supermassive black hole by space-based gravitational wave observatory

In this paper, we investigate the dynamical evolution of the innermost stable circular orbit and light ring of a charged black hole under the influence of scalarization dynamics. This is achieved through a series of nonlinear simulations within the framework of the Einstein–Maxwell-dilaton theory. By combining these nonlinear simulations with a $$3+1$$ approach to geodesics in the dynamical spacetime, we derive the conditions for determining the ISCO and light ring in such a dynamical spacetime. Our results demonstrate how the ISCO and light ring evolve as a ‘hairless’ charged black hole transitions to a scalarized state. Moreover, we find that black hole scalarization leads to an increase in the areal radii of both the ISCO and light ring. These findings provide new insights into black hole scalarization, particularly concerning the dynamical evolution of the ISCO and light ring in a dynamically evolving spacetime.

Yu-Peng Zhang

Shao-Wen Wei

Yu-Xiao Liu

Evolution of innermost stable circular orbit and light ring of a charged black hole induced by the scalarization

In this work, we study the gravitational waveforms from the periodic orbits of a massive particle around a dyonic ModMax black hole. We begin with a brief analysis of the spacetime and then examine how its parameters influence the dynamics of a massive neutral particle using the Lagrangian formalism. In particular, we compute the characteristics of marginally bound orbits and innermost stable circular orbits. Our results show that the values of these quantities increase with the black hole charge $\textit{Q}$ and the screening parameter $$\gamma $$ . We then plot various periodic orbits, characterized by the integers ($\textit{z}$,$\textit{w}$,$\textit{v}$). Finally, we present the gravitational waveforms associated with extreme mass ratio inspirals, consisting of a stellar-mass compact object orbiting a supermassive black hole.

Uzbekistan

Mirzabek Alloqulov

Azerbaijan

Sanjar Shaymatov

Bobomurat Ahmedov

Tao Zhu

Gravitational waveforms from periodic orbits around a dyonic ModMax black hole

Flavor hierarchies are organized by a single parameter <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>B</mi><mo>≃</mo><mn>5.357</mn></math> in a single-flavon Froggatt-Nielsen (FN) framework, in which each effective Yukawa entry arises from the sum of three unit-magnitude messenger chains. We present benchmark complex <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi mathvariant="script">O</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>1</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math> Yukawa matrices that reproduce quark and charged-lepton masses at <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>M</mi><mi>Z</mi></msub></math> as powers of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>ε</mi><mo>≡</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>/</mo><mi>B</mi></math>. The organizing principle is a two-over-two (<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mn>2</mn><mo>/</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></math>) lattice of quadrilateral mass ratios, which maps directly to a rational lattice of FN exponents. Sequential dominance preserves the leading-power exponent matrices, while subleading messenger chains generate entry-dependent complex <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi mathvariant="script">O</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>1</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math> coefficients and provide a UV-friendly origin for <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi></math> violation. Neutrino masses are discussed at the level of eigenvalues within the same <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>B</mi><mi>n</mi></msup></math> counting.

Vernon Barger

Two-over-two lattice flavor from a single flavon with three messenger chains

The study of the fully heavy tetraquark state helps to better understand the characteristics of compact exotic hadrons formed by quarks and gluons. In this work, we systematically investigate the mass spectra and decay channels of fully heavy tetraquark states using a diquark-antidiquark model based on the one-gluon exchange process. The tetraquark states are treated as compact diquark-antidiquark configurations, denoted as <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mo stretchy="false">[</mo><mi>Q</mi><mi>Q</mi><mo stretchy="false">]</mo><mo stretchy="false">[</mo><mover accent="true"><mi>Q</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover><mover accent="true"><mi>Q</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover><mo stretchy="false">]</mo></math>, where <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>Q</mi><mo>=</mo><mi>c</mi></math> or <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>b</mi></math>. By properly accounting for the Pauli principle, basis wave functions incorporating flavor, color, and spin are constructed. The required model parameters are derived from fitting conventional hadron experimental values and lattice QCD calculations. We calculate the mass spectra and decays of the fully heavy tetraquarks in the lower <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>S</mi></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>P</mi></math> waves. Our results do not support interpreting <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>X</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>6600</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math>, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>X</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>6900</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math>, and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>X</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>7200</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math> as the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mn>1</mn><mi>S</mi></math>-wave fully charmed tetraquark states. Nevertheless, our analysis suggests that <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>X</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>6200</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math> can be a good candidate for the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mn>1</mn><mi>S</mi></math>-wave fully charmed tetraquark state with quantum numbers <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mn>2</mn><mrow><mo>+</mo><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup></math>. Furthermore, we also identify several narrow fully heavy tetraquark states that may be observable in future experiments.

Xi Xia

Tao Guo

Fully heavy tetraquark states with a diquark-antidiquark configuration

We present a covariant framework for analyzing the interactions and decay rates of axion-like particles (ALPs) that couple to both gluons and quarks. We identify combinations of couplings that are invariant under quark-field redefinitions, and use them to obtain physical expressions for the prominent decay rates of such ALPs, which are compared with previous calculations for scenarios where ALPs couple exclusively to quarks or to gluons. Our framework can be used to obtain ALP decay rates for arbitrary ALP couplings to gluons and quarks across a broad range of ALP masses.

Reuven Balkin

Israel

Ta’el Coren

Yotam Soreq

Mike Williams

A covariant description of the interactions of axion-like particles and hadrons

We present a comprehensive next-to-leading order (NLO) QCD sum rule analysis for light hybrid mesons with $\textit{J}$ = 1 , incorporating condensates up to dimension-8 and NLO corrections to the perturbative, gluon condensate, and four-quark condensate contributions. These corrections are found to be substantial and reveal the necessity of contributions beyond leading order. Employing both Laplace (LSR) and Gaussian (GSR) sum rules, our analysis predicts a mass in the conservative range of 2$\textit{.}$1 – 2$\textit{.}$4 GeV for the light 1 hybrid. These predictions are significantly lower than previous leading-order (LO) estimates (around 2$\textit{.}$9 GeV) and bridge the gap between QCD sum rules and other approaches. Our findings establish the $\textit{ϕ}$(2170) resonance as a prime candidate for the light vector hybrid meson.

Shuang-Hong Li

Zhuo-Ran Huang

Wei Chen

Hong-Ying Jin

Revising the mass of light hybrid mesons: NLO QCD sum rules point to $\textit{ϕ}$(2170) as a prime candidate