High-precision regression of physical parameters from black hole images generated by General Relativistic Ray Tracing (GRRT) is essential for investigating spacetime curvature and advancing black hole astrophysics. However, owing to limitations in observational resolution, high observational costs, and imbalanced distributions of positive and negative samples, black hole images often suffer from data scarcity, sparse parameter spaces, and complex structural characteristics. These factors pose significant challenges to conventional regression methods based on simplified physical models. To overcome these challenges, this study introduces the Multiscale Adaptive Network (MANet), a novel regression framework grounded in deep learning. MANet integrates an Adaptive Channel Attention (ACA) module to selectively enhance features in physically informative regions. Meanwhile, a Multiscale Enhancement Feature Pyramid (MEFP) is employed to capture fine-grained spatial structures, such as photon rings and accretion disks, while alleviating information loss due to downsampling. Experimental evaluations on GRRT-simulated datasets demonstrate that MANet substantially improves parameter estimation accuracy and generalization capability in high-dimensional parameter spaces, outperforming existing baseline approaches. This framework presents a promising avenue for high-precision parameter regression in Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) data analysis and broader astrophysical imaging applications characterized by sparse and noisy data.

China

Jialei Wei

Ao Liu

Dejiang Li

Cuihong Wen

Physical parameter regression from black hole images using a multiscale adaptive neural network * Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province under grant No. 2023JJ30384; the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants No. 12374408; the University Students' Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program Project

Since neutrino oscillation was observed, several experiments have been built to measure its parameters. NuMI Off-axis <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>ν</mi><mi>e</mi></msub></math> Appearance (<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>NO</mi><mi>ν</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">A</mi></math>) and Tokai-to-Kamioka (T2K) are two long-baseline experiments dedicated to measuring mainly the mixing angle <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>θ</mi><mn>23</mn></msub></math>, the charge-parity (<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi></math>) conjugation phase <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>δ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">CP</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math>, and the mass ordering. However, there is a tension in current data. The T2K allowed region is in conflict with the region allowed by <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>NO</mi><mi>ν</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">A</mi></math>. We propose a nonstandard charged current interaction (CC-NSI) in neutrino production to relieve this tension. The CC-NSI is computed through quantum field theory formalism, where we derive perturbative analytical formulae considering CC-NSI in the pion decay. Within this new approach, we can alleviate <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>NO</mi><mi>ν</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">A</mi></math> and T2K tension for CC-NSI complex parameters of order <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup></math>. We show the new phase has a degeneracy to the Dirac <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi></math> phase of the form <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>δ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">CP</mi></mrow></msub><mo>±</mo><mi>ϕ</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1.5</mn><mi>π</mi></mrow></math>, being a possible source of violation of charge-parity symmetry.

Spain

Brazil

Adriano Cherchiglia

Japan

Pedro Pasquini

O.L.G. Peres

F.F. Rodrigues

R.R. Rossi

E.S. Souza

Alleviating the present tension between T2K and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>NO</mi><mi>ν</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">A</mi></math> with nonstandard neutrino interactions

Logarithmic corrections to the entropy of extremal black holes have proven effective in precisely matching the microscopic degeneracies obtained from string-theoretic as well as a non-perturbative quantum correction manifests as an exponential term in the black hole entropy. In this work, we extend the universal relation proposed by Goon and Penco by deriving a generalized form where entropy is not just the Bekenstein–Hawking entropy. Our analysis treats entropy as a general function of the horizon radius, and with the help of that, we formulate the generalized universal relation. We show that, in the case of Bekenstein–Hawking entropy, the generalized relation coincides with the original universal relation by Goon and Penco. Furthermore, we explore the implications of logarithmic and exponential corrections to entropy and test the validity of the generalized universal relation under these modifications.

India

Ankit Anand

Quantum corrections and extremality: a generalized universal relation

The infinite series of 4D <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi mathvariant="script">N</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>2</mn></math> superconformal field theories with central charge relation <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>a</mi><mrow><mn>4</mn><mi mathvariant="normal">D</mi></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><msub><mi>c</mi><mrow><mn>4</mn><mi mathvariant="normal">D</mi></mrow></msub></math> are closely related to the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi mathvariant="script">N</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>4</mn></math> super Yang-Mills theory. In this paper, we study the modular properties of their associated vertex operator algebras <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi mathvariant="double-struck">V</mi><mo stretchy="false">[</mo><msub><mi mathvariant="script">T</mi><mrow><mi>p</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>N</mi></mrow></msub><mo stretchy="false">]</mo></math>, where <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi mathvariant="script">T</mi><mrow><mi>p</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>N</mi></mrow></msub></math> are those <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>a</mi><mo>=</mo><mi>c</mi></math> theories with an <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>S</mi><mi>U</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>N</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math> gauge group. We exploit the closed-form formula for the Schur index of the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi mathvariant="script">N</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>4</mn></math> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>S</mi><mi>U</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>N</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math> theories <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi mathvariant="script">T</mi><mrow><mi>S</mi><mi>U</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>N</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></msub></math> to derive the space of characters of the vertex operator algebra <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi mathvariant="double-struck">V</mi><mo stretchy="false">[</mo><msub><mi mathvariant="script">T</mi><mrow><mi>p</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>N</mi></mrow></msub><mo stretchy="false">]</mo></math> and the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mi>S</mi></mrow></math>, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mi>T</mi></mrow></math> matrices, and find the (nonmonic) modular linear differential equations that constrain the module characters when possible. We investigate the geometric interpretation of some of these modular data from the viewpoint of 4D mirror symmetry. Using insights from the flavored modular differential equation and defect index, we investigate a map between module characters of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi mathvariant="double-struck">V</mi><mo stretchy="false">[</mo><msub><mi mathvariant="script">T</mi><mrow><mi>S</mi><mi>U</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>N</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></msub><mo stretchy="false">]</mo></math> and those of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi mathvariant="double-struck">V</mi><mo stretchy="false">[</mo><msub><mi mathvariant="script">T</mi><mrow><mi>p</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>N</mi></mrow></msub><mo stretchy="false">]</mo></math>.

Yiwen Pan

Peihe Yang

Modularity, 4d mirror symmetry, and vertex operator algebra modules of 4D <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mi mathvariant="script">N</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></math> SCFTs with <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>a</mi><mo>=</mo><mi>c</mi></math>

In this work we consider the calculation of the imaginary part of the dispersion relations of the propagating modes in a model of a charged scalar Bose-Einstein (BE) condensate, as well as the contribution to the imaginary part of the longitudinal component of the photon polarization tensor and the dielectric constant. In that model, two modes correspond to the transverse photon polarizations, while the other two modes are combinations of the longitudinal photon and the massive scalar field, which we denote as the (<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mo>±</mo></mrow></math>) modes. The dispersion relations of the transverse modes have the usual form for transverse photons in a plasma, and we do not consider them here any further. In a previous work we determined the real part of the dispersion relations of the (<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mo>±</mo></mrow></math>) modes, as well as the real part of the longitudinal component of the polarization tensor and dielectric constant, which have some unique features. In the appropriate limit, those results reproduce the results obtained for the dielectric constant and dispersion relation in nonrelativistic models of the BE condensation of charged scalars. Here we determine, in the same model, their imaginary part. The results can be useful in physical contexts involving the electrodynamics of a charged scalar BE condensate, and can serve as benchmark results for further exploration.

Puerto Rico

José F. Nieves

Mexico

Sarira Sahu

Plasmon damping in a charged Bose-Einstein condensate model

In this article, we study the rare decay process in which a Higgs boson decays into a <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>Z</mi></math> boson and a photon. In the first part of the paper, we analyze the Standard Model (SM) contributions to the corresponding decay width, including the full leading-order result, two-loop <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>O</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msub><mi>α</mi><mi>s</mi></msub><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math> QCD corrections, and the recently reported two-loop <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>O</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>α</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math> electroweak corrections, evaluated under four different <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>α</mi></math> renormalization schemes. The dependence on the Higgs boson mass is studied within the experimentally allowed range reported by the LHC. In the considered schemes, a non-negligible variation of about 4% is found when the mass is varied within its current experimental uncertainty. In the second part of the paper, we analyze the leading-order contributions to the same process within the minimal supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM). The spectrum of soft SUSY-breaking parameters and SUSY particle masses at the electroweak scale, which enter the computation of the one-loop amplitudes contributing to the decay width, is obtained by evolving the grand unified theory (GUT)-scale parameters of a radiatively driven natural supersymmetry (RNS) model with nonuniversal Higgs boson masses. Variations of the RNS parameters can enhance the average SM prediction by up to <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mo>∼</mo><mn>20</mn><mo>%</mo></math>, reaching a value of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mo>∼</mo><mn>7.5</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>keV</mi></math>, while still satisfying the Higgs boson mass constraint. However, this comes at the cost of allowing a moderately large fine-tuning parameter, with values exceeding 100, thereby placing the model outside its most natural parameter region. The predicted decay width in the RNS scenario is closer to the recent ATLAS RUN <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mn>2</mn><mo>+</mo><mn>3</mn></mrow></math> combined measurement than the average SM expectation.

Colombia

E.A. Reyes R.

C.A. Lopez A.

O.R. Torrijo G.

United States

D.G. Melo P.

Rare Higgs boson decay into a photon and a <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mi>Z</mi></mrow></math> boson in radiatively driven natural supersymmetry

We construct integrated and unintegrated vertex operators for the type II superstring using the B-RNS-GSS formalism. The construction is done in flat spacetime background for both type II superstrings and type IIB superstring in a $$AdS_5\times S^5$$ background.

Chile

Osvaldo Chandia

A note on type II superstring vertex operators in the B-RNS-GSS formalism

We study the entanglement entropy of a free massive scalar field at its ground state in (3 + 1)-dimensional AdS space in global coordinates. We consider spherical entangling surfaces centered at the origin of AdS. We determine the structure of the UV-divergent terms in the entanglement entropy and compute the numerical values of the respective coefficients. We confirm the connection between the coefficient of the logarithmic term and the conformal anomaly.

Greece

K. Boutivas

D. Katsinis

I. Papadimitriou

G. Pastras

N. Tetradis

Entanglement entropy of a scalar field in anti-de Sitter space

Gauged fermionic projected entangled pair states (GFPEPS) and their Gaussian counterpart (GGFPEPS) are a novel type of lattice gauge theory Ansatz state that combine ideas from the Monte Carlo and tensor network communities. In particular, computation of observables for such states boils down to a Monte Carlo integration over possible gauge field configurations that have probabilities dictated by a fermionic tensor network contraction that accounts for the matter in that background configuration. Crucially, this probability distribution is positive definite and real so that there is no sign problem.

Israel

Gertian Roose

Erez Zohar

Gauging a superposition of fermionic Gaussian projected entangled pair states to get lattice gauge theory eigenstates

We use the Grassmann tensor renormalization group method to investigate the $\textit{N}$ = 2 Schwinger model with the staggered fermions in the presence of a 2$\textit{π}$ periodic $\textit{θ}$ term in a broad range of mass. The method allows us to deal with the massive staggered fermions straightforwardly and to study the $\textit{θ}$ dependence of the free energy and topological charge in the thermodynamic limit. Our calculation provides consistent results with not only the analytical solution in the large mass limit but also the previous Monte Carlo studies in the small mass regime. Our numerical results also suggest that the $\textit{N}$ = 2 Schwinger model on a lattice has a different phase structure, than the model in the continuum limit.

Hayato Kanno

Shinichiro Akiyama

Kotaro Murakami

Shinji Takeda

Grassmann tensor renormalization group for the massive Schwinger model with a $\textit{θ}$ term using staggered fermions