We propose a novel realization of the linear seesaw model with a non-invertible selection rule, assisted by $\mathbb{Z}_3$ symmetry. In our framework, Dirac mass matrices are generated at the one-loop level, breaking the non-invertible symmetry, while the symmetry remains intact at tree level. In addition to active neutrino masses, the model exhibits rich and testable phenomenology, including non-unitarity constraints, lepton flavor violation, lepton anomalous magnetic moments, and a dark matter candidate. After describing our model, we carry out a numerical analysis and present results for our physical parameters.

China

Hiroshi Okada

Slovenia

India

Yutaro Shoji

A novel realization of linear seesaw model in a non-invertible selection rule with the assistance of ${\mathbb{Z}_3}$ symmetry * Hiroshi Okada is supported by Zhongyuan Talent (Talent Recruitment Series) Foreign Experts Project. Yutaro Shoji is supported by the Slovenian Research Agency under the research grant J1-4389

We investigate the behavior of the nonradial gravity-pulsation discontinuity <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>g</mi></math>-mode in neutron stars with a strong first-order phase transition which give rise to hybrid star configurations. These modes are of utmost relevance, since they can be potentially excited in isolated as well as binary neutron star systems in the inspiral phase, thus allowing us to indirectly detect the presence of a deconfinement transition. In order to do this, we consider four categories of hybrid stars that present distinctive features in their equations of state. We employ the constant speed of sound parametrization, which accounts for a sharp phase transition between confined hadronic matter and deconfined quark matter. Then, working within the relativistic Cowling approximation to obtain the frequencies of nonradial oscillations, we find that, depending on the hybrid star category, the relations between discontinuity <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>g</mi></math>-mode frequencies and masses as well as tidal deformabilities display a highly distinct behavior across the diverse hybrid star categories that appear in the slow hadron-quark conversion regime. This distinct phenomenology provides smoking-gun evidence to clearly distinguish and further classify hybrid stars with a strong transition from purely hadronic stars using upcoming gravitational-wave data. In addition, we present for each of the categories studied the relation between the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>g</mi></math>-mode frequency and the normalized energy density jump. Finally, we present a novel universal relation for the discontinuity <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>g</mi></math>-mode able to encompass the four categories, including long branches of slow stable hybrid stars and address its asteroseismological capability.

Argentina

M.C. Rodriguez

Brazil

José C. Jiménez

Ignacio F. Ranea-Sandoval

Classification of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>g</mi></math>-modes for neutron stars with a strong transition: Novel universal relation including slow stable hybrid stars

We systematically study the mass spectra of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>S</mi></math>-wave singly heavy tetraquark states <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>Q</mi><mi>q</mi><mover accent="true"><mi>q</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover><mover accent="true"><mi>q</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover></math> (<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mi>Q</mi><mo>=</mo><mi>c</mi></mrow></math>, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mi>b</mi></mrow></math>; <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>q</mi><mo>=</mo><mi>u</mi></math>, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mi>d</mi></mrow></math>, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mi>s</mi></mrow></math>) in a mass splitting model. We adopt the assumption that the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>X</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>4140</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math> is the lowest <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>J</mi><mrow><mi>P</mi><mi>C</mi></mrow></msup><mo>=</mo><msup><mn>1</mn><mrow><mo>+</mo><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>c</mi><mi>s</mi><mover accent="true"><mi>c</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover><mover accent="true"><mi>s</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover></math> tetraquark and use this state as a reference to determine the mass splittings. According to the obtained results, we also estimate the rearrangement decay widths of the tetraquarks within a simple scheme. We find that the recently observed states <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mi>T</mi><mrow><mi>c</mi><mover accent="true"><mi>s</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover><mn>0</mn></mrow><mi>a</mi></msubsup><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>2900</mn><msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mrow><mo>+</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>/</mo><mn>0</mn></mrow></msup></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mi>T</mi><mrow><mi>c</mi><mi>s</mi><mn>0</mn></mrow><mo>*</mo></msubsup><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>2900</mn><msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mn>0</mn></msup></math> by the LHCb Collaboration can be consistently interpreted as the second highest <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>I</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msup><mi>J</mi><mi>P</mi></msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msup><mn>0</mn><mo>+</mo></msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>c</mi><mi>n</mi><mover accent="true"><mi>s</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover><mover accent="true"><mi>n</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover></math> (<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mi>n</mi><mo>=</mo><mi>u</mi></mrow></math>, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mi>d</mi></mrow></math>) and the higher <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>I</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msup><mi>J</mi><mi>P</mi></msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msup><mn>0</mn><mo>+</mo></msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>c</mi><mi>s</mi><mover accent="true"><mi>n</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover><mover accent="true"><mi>n</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover></math> tetraquark states, respectively. We predict several narrow tetraquark candidates: the lowest <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>c</mi><mi>n</mi><mover accent="true"><mi>s</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover><mover accent="true"><mi>n</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>c</mi><mi>s</mi><mover accent="true"><mi>n</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover><mover accent="true"><mi>n</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover></math> with <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>I</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msup><mi>J</mi><mi>P</mi></msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msup><mn>0</mn><mo>+</mo></msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mn>0</mn><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msup><mn>1</mn><mo>+</mo></msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math>, and their bottom counterparts. The obtained information from mass spectrum and rearrangement decay properties will help search for the new singly heavy tetraquark states.

Zi-Long Man

Yu-Nan Liu

Yan-Rui Liu

<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mi>T</mi><mrow><mi>c</mi><mover accent="true"><mi>s</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover><mn>0</mn></mrow><mi>a</mi></msubsup><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>2900</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math>, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><msubsup><mrow><mi>T</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>c</mi><mi>s</mi><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>*</mo></mrow></msubsup><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>2900</mn><msup><mrow><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math>, and other singly-heavy tetraquark states

In this paper, we investigate the generation of gravitational waves (GWs) from a first-order QCD confinement-deconfinement phase transition under an external magnetic field from holography. We analyze the GW spectra across both hard-wall and soft-wall models for Jouguet detonations and nonrunaway scenarios. Our results indicate that increasing the magnetic field shifts the spectral peak to lower frequencies. The predicted GW signals are potentially detectable by observatories such as IPTA, SKA, BBO, and NANOGrav. Decomposing the spectra reveals that sound waves typically dominate the signal around the peak frequency, bubble collisions prevail at spectral extremities, and the contribution from magnetohydrodynamic turbulence is significant only for nonrunaway bubble scenarios at high frequencies. This work suggests that magnetized QCD phase transitions are viable cosmological sources for observable GW backgrounds, offering a potential pathway to constrain primordial magnetic fields through future pulsar timing array observations.

Man-Man Sun

Man-Li Tian

Zhou-Run Zhu

Gravitational waves from a holographic first-order QCD phase transition with a magnetic field

An effective field theory framework is developed to study the interaction of heavy quarks in strongly coupled quark-gluon plasma (QGP). The latter is treated as a relativistic non-dissipative colorless fluid which can be studied using a derivatively coupled effective field theory based on previous work. Coupling this to heavy quarks provides a systematic way to obtain the interaction between the heavy quark and phonons, excitations of the fluid. In particular we calculate the quasiparticle width of heavy quark to phonon and phonon-heavy quark scattering in a thermal medium.

United States

Andreas Kirchner

Berndt Müller

Jyotirmoy Roy

Chathuranga Sirimanna

A new effective field theory for heavy quarks in the quark-gluon plasma

Quantum energy teleportation (QET) has been studied in continuum field theory and in lattice many-body systems, but the relation between the two within a single interacting model is still not well understood. To address this question, we consider the massive Thirring model, equivalently the sine-Gordon theory. In the continuum, the trigonometric measurement is a weak binary positive operator-valued measure (POVM), and its leading signal is set by a conserved-current correlator in the bosonized theory, with both gapless behavior and gapped large-distance asymptotics. On the lattice, the conventional protocol does not access this neutral current sector. For Alice’s local measurement, a lattice <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mi>U</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>1</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math> selection rule removes the neutral current contribution from Bob’s subsystem, and the separated signal lies in charged sectors. On the same lattice Hamiltonian we construct a neutral current protocol whose weak signal is exactly a coarse-grained current correlator and whose extracted energy scales quadratically with the measurement strength. This identifies the neutral sector shared by the lattice and continuum descriptions, while separating it from the charged sector that governs the conventional qubit protocol.

Kazuki Ikeda

Quantum energy teleportation across a lattice and the continuum

We perform a quantum probing of colliding plane-wave spacetimes. In particular, we consider the Khan-Penrose and the Ferrari-Ibáñez solutions, which admit a strong and a weak singularity after the two waves collide. While we find that, like Schwarzschild, for the Khan-Penrose solution the singularity cannot be probed by quantum-field theory, the Ferrari-Ibáñez singularity can be traversed. Our results culminate in a quantum Weyl conjecture: The significant geometric property to classify spacetimes with respect to quantum probes is given by the Coulomb part of the Weyl tensor. We then use this conjecture to sketch a possible backreaction scenario for plane waves.

Germany

Ivo Sachs

Spain

Marc Schneider

Probing of colliding wave spacetimes and a quantum Weyl conjecture

We explore a portal vectorlike lepton (pVLL) extension of the Standard Model (SM) and study its implications for Higgs and vector-boson associated production (<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>h</mi><mi>V</mi></math>, with <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>V</mi><mo>=</mo><mi>Z</mi></math>-boson or dark photon) at a future muon collider facility. We show that while the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>μ</mi><mo>+</mo></msup><msup><mi>μ</mi><mo>−</mo></msup><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mi>h</mi><mi>Z</mi></math> production rate remains close to its SM prediction in a wide range of parameter space, the rate for <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>μ</mi><mo>+</mo></msup><msup><mi>μ</mi><mo>−</mo></msup><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mi>h</mi><msub><mi>γ</mi><mi>d</mi></msub></math> can be substantially enhanced owing to the nondecoupling nature of the interaction involving the heavy lepton, the muon and the dark photon. We demonstrate that the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>h</mi><msub><mi>γ</mi><mi>d</mi></msub></math> production rate can exceed the corresponding <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>h</mi><mi>Z</mi></math> rate by a factor of 1–100 within the perturbative unitarity limit, making it a promising channel for probing Higgs interactions and potential new physics effects. We also examine the role of the pVLL state in the context of dark matter (DM) phenomenology and identify regions of parameter space consistent with the observed relic abundance by extending the simplified setup with a viable DM candidate. The <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>h</mi><msub><mi>γ</mi><mi>d</mi></msub></math> production can also be used to constrain the dark photon mass (<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>m</mi><msub><mi>γ</mi><mi>d</mi></msub></msub></math>) and/or the dark gauge coupling (<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>g</mi><mi>d</mi></msub></math>) consistent with various constraints including the current muon <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>g</mi><mo>−</mo><mn>2</mn></math> measurements within the pVLL framework. We perform a detailed collider analysis of the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>h</mi><msub><mi>γ</mi><mi>d</mi></msub></math> process in the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>b</mi><mover accent="true"><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover><mo>+</mo></math> missing energy final state. A <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mn>2</mn><mi>σ</mi></math> exclusion limit for <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>m</mi><msub><mi>γ</mi><mi>d</mi></msub></msub></math> up to 80 GeV is obtained assuming <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>g</mi><mi>d</mi></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>0.05</mn></math>, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>sin</mi><msub><mi>θ</mi><mi>L</mi></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>4</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>5</mn></mrow></msup></math>, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>sin</mi><msub><mi>θ</mi><mi>s</mi></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>0.05</mn></math>, for a heavy lepton mass <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mo>∼</mo><mn>3</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>TeV</mi></math> at a 3 TeV muon collider with an integrated luminosity of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mn>1</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><msup><mrow><mi>ab</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math>.

Krishna Tewary

Sanjoy Biswas

Shivam Verma

Implications of a portal vectorlike lepton on associated Higgs boson production at a multi-TeV muon collider

We simulate a self-interacting three-flavor neutrino system within a core-collapse supernova using a hybrid classical-quantum algorithm on a qutrit computer. Based on the Dirac-Frenkel evolution equations, we employ a variation of the quantum-assisted simulator to calculate the system’s time evolution operator by performing qutrit Hadamard tests to find expectation values of unitary operators in the Hamiltonian. The time evolution simulation is then done classically. We find that the hybrid algorithm produces results comparable to an exact numerical integration out to times of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mi>t</mi><mo>≈</mo><mn>30</mn><msubsup><mrow><mi>ω</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msubsup></mrow></math> with time step <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mi>δ</mi><mi>t</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0.005</mn><msubsup><mrow><mi>ω</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msubsup></mrow></math>, where <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>ω</mi><mn>0</mn></msub></math> is the energy scale of the single neutrino vacuum oscillations. We discuss the lessons learned in simulating neutrino systems using this hybrid quantum-classical algorithm, along with the advantages it offers over quantum Trotterization.

Daniel J. Heimsoth

Pooja Siwach

A. Baha Balantekin

Three-flavor supernova neutrino simulation using a hybrid quantum-classical algorithm with qutrits

We apply harmonic analysis to study the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>T</mi><mover accent="true"><mi>T</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover></math>-deformed torus partition function. We first express the CFT partition functions in terms of Maass waveforms, including the Eisenstein series and cusp forms. These basis functions turn out to deform in a very simple way under the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>T</mi><mover accent="true"><mi>T</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover></math> deformation. The spectral decomposition provides a numerically stable and efficient method to compute the partition function at finite values of the deformation parameter <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>λ</mi></math>, allowing us to clearly resolve the analytic structure of the partition function as a function of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>λ</mi></math>. The resulting deformed partition function exhibits a Hagedorn singularity. Building on the harmonic analysis approach, we propose a natural analytic continuation beyond the Hagedorn singularity, which enables us to compute the full partition function for any value of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>λ</mi></math>.

Jie Gu

United Kingdom

Jue Hou

Yunfeng Jiang

Beyond Hagedorn: A Harmonic Approach to <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mi>T</mi><mover accent="true"><mrow><mi>T</mi></mrow><mrow><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mrow></mover></mrow></math> Deformation