We propose a scenario in which the matter-antimatter asymmetry arises following the post-electroweak spontaneous breaking of baryon (B) number symmetry. This B-symmetry undergoes a first-order phase transition, which can be sufficiently violent to generate gravitational waves across a broad parameter space. Specifically, we explore a concrete realization of this mechanism that induces a Majorana mass for the neutron, rather than the neutrino. We demonstrate that this model exhibits rich phenomenology, including the generation of gravitational waves from baryon first-order phase transitions (B-FOPTs) and implications for neutron-antineutron oscillations.

China

Italy

Andrea Addazi

Baryon violating first order phase transitions and gravitational waves

We explore superoscillations within the context of classical and quantum field theories, presenting novel solutions to Klein–Gordon’s, Dirac’s, Maxwell’s and Einstein’s equations. In particular, we illustrate a procedure of second quantization of fields and how to construct a Fock space which encompasses Superoscillating states. Furthermore, we extend the application of superoscillations to quantum tunnelings, scatterings and mixings of particles, squeezed states and potential advancements in laser interferometry, which could open new avenues for experimental tests of quantum gravity effects. By delving into the relationship among superoscillations and phenomena such as Hawking radiation, the black hole (BH) information and the Firewall paradox, we propose an alternative mechanism for information transfer across the BH event horizon.

Qingyu Gan

Superoscillations in high energy physics and gravity

We explore the possibility of detecting resonant conversions of high frequency gravitational waves to radio-signals. We show how the graviton-photon transitions, from Gertsenshtein effect, can be resonantly amplified in a cosmological stochastic magnetic background. In particular, we found parametric resonances for both the monochromatic and scale invariant power spectrum models of magnetic field fluctuations. Our results substantially departs from those predicted in resonance-less magnetic domain-like models in a large region of magnetic and oscillation wavelength scales. Resonances can be tested by radio telescopes such as ARCADE 2 and EDGES as a probe of high frequency gravitational wave sources and new physics models for magnetogenesis. Analysis are performed with a robust perturbative approach in discrete scheme for including cosmological decoherence in graviton-photon oscillations.

Salvatore Capozziello

Resonant graviton-photon transitions with cosmological stochastic magnetic field

We show that the so-called chaos bound, proposed by Maldacena, Shenker &amp; Stanford, can be violated in <math><mi>f</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>T</mi><mo>)</mo></math> teleparallel gravity. In particular, it is possible to select a new gravitational Lyapunov parameter, controlling chaotization of circular trajectories, in black hole photo-sphere, that can exceed the Maldacena, Shenker &amp; Stanford thermal bound. This feature alters the standard quasi-normal modes and ringdown phase after black hole merging with intriguing implications for future gravitational wave detections and black hole shadow measurements. It is a general characteristic for several gravitational theories beyond standard General Relativity.

Black hole shadow and chaos bound violation in ( ) Teleparallel Gravity

We suggest an appealing strategy to probe a large class of scenarios beyond the Standard Model simultaneously explaining the recent CDF II measurement of the W boson mass and predicting first-order phase transitions (FOPT) testable in future gravitational-wave (GW) experiments. Our analysis deploys measurements from the GW channels and high energy particle colliders. We discuss this methodology focusing on the specific example provided by an extension of the Standard Model of particle physics that incorporates an additional scalar  $$\textrm{SU}(2)_\textrm{L}$$  <math> <mrow> <mtext>SU</mtext> <msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mtext>L</mtext> </msub> </mrow> </math>   triplet coupled to the Higgs boson. We show that within this scenario a strong electroweak FOPT is naturally realised consistently with the measured W boson mass-shift. Potentially observable GW signatures imply the triplet mass scale to be TeV-ish, consistently with the value preferred by the W mass anomaly. This model can be tested in future space-based interferometers such as LISA, DECIGO, BBO, TianQin, TAIJI projects and in future colliders such as FCC, ILC, CEPC.

Antonino Marcianò

Portugal

António Morais

Sweden

Roman Pasechnik

Hao Yang

CDF II W-mass anomaly faces first-order electroweak phase transition

We further analyze phenomenological implications of double axion monodromy inflation proposed in Ref. (D'Amico et al. [13]), in gravitational wave physics. We show that in addition to chiral gravitational waves (GW) originating from gauge field instability, the model also predicts significant amount of non-chiral, scalar-induced gravitational waves, both peaking at around the same frequencies. We find that although chiral GW density has much larger peak, non-chiral GWs can dominate away from the peak as they decay at a slower rate. This provides an interesting GW signature to be probed by future space-based interferometers such as LISA and DECIGO.

Kazakhstan

Medeu Abishev

Aigerim Abylayeva

Thailand

Yermek Aldabergenov

Daulet Berkimbayev

More on gravitational waves from double monodromy inflation

In light of the recent <math><msub><mi>R</mi><msup><mi>K</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mo>*</mo><mo>)</mo></mrow></msup></msub></math> data on neutral current flavor anomalies in <math><mi>B</mi><mo>→</mo><msup><mi>K</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mo>*</mo><mo>)</mo></mrow></msup><msup><mo>ℓ</mo><mo>+</mo></msup><msup><mo>ℓ</mo><mo>−</mo></msup></math> decays, we reexamine their quantitative interpretation in terms of an extended 331 gauge theory framework. We achieve this by adding two extra lepton species with novel 331 charges, while ensuring that the model remains anomaly-free. In contrast to the canonical 331 models, the gauge charges of the first and second lepton families differ from each other, allowing lepton-flavor universality violation. We further expand the model by adding the neutral fermions required to provide an adequate description for small neutrino masses.

Giulia Ricciardi

Simone Scarlatella

India

Rahul Srivastava

Spain

José W. F. Valle

Interpreting <math><mi>B</mi></math> anomalies within an extended 331 gauge theory

We propose a novel model of the modified (Starobinsky-like) old-minimal-type supergravity coupled to a chiral matter superfield, that can simultaneously describe multi-field inflation, primordial black hole (PBH) formation, dark matter (DM), and spontaneous supersymmetry (SUSY) breaking after inflation in a Minkowski vacuum. The PBH masses in our supergravity model of double slow-roll inflation, with a short phase of “ultra-slow-roll” between two slow-roll phases, are close to  $$10^{18}$$  <math> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mn>18</mn> </msup> </math>   g. We find that a significant PBH fraction in the allowed mass window can be supplemented by spontaneous SUSY breaking in the vacuum with the gravitino mass close to the scalaron (inflaton) mass M of the order  $$10^{13}$$  <math> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mn>13</mn> </msup> </math>   GeV. Our supergravity model favors the composite nature of DM as a mixture of PBH and heavy gravitinos as the lightest SUSY particles. The composite DM significantly relaxes fine-tuning needed for the whole PBH-DM. The PBH-DM fraction is derived, and the second-order gravitational wave background induced by the enhanced scalar perturbations is calculated. Those gravitational waves may be accessible by the future space-based gravitational interferometers.

Japan

Russia

Sergei Ketov

Inflation, SUSY breaking, and primordial black holes in modified supergravity coupled to chiral matter

In order to reveal the nature of dark matter, it is crucial to detect its non-gravitational interactions with the standard model particles. The traditional dark matter searches focused on the so-called weakly interacting massive particles. However, this paradigm is strongly constrained by the null results of current experiments with high precision. Therefore there is a renewed interest of searches for heavy dark matter particles above TeV scale. The Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) with large effective area and strong background rejection power is very suitable to investigate the gamma-ray signals induced by dark matter annihilation or decay above TeV scale. In this document, we review the theoretical motivations and background of heavy dark matter. We review the prospects of searching for the gamma-ray signals resulted from dark matter in the dwarf spheroidal satellites and Galactic halo for LHAASO, and present the projected sensitivities. We also review the prospects of searching for the axion-like particles, which are a kind of well motivated light pseudo-scalars, through the LHAASO measurement of the very high energy gamma-ray spectra of astrophysical sources.

Xiao-Jun Bi

Konstantin Belotsky

Vitaly Beylin

France

Marco Cirelli

Brazil

Arman Esmaili

Nicolao Fornengo

Qing-Yu Gan

Norway

Michael Kachekriess

Maxim Khlopov

Vladimir Korchagin

Alexander Korochkin

Vladimir Kuksa

Antonino Marciano

Switzerland

Andrei Neronov

Paolo Panci

Roman Pasechnick

CERN

United States

Alexander Sakharov

Filippo Sala

Giuseppe Di Sciascio

Dimiri Semikoz

Pasquale Dario Serpico

Nikolay Volchanskiy

Peng-Fei Yin

Chapter 5 Dark Matter and New Physics Beyond the Standard Model with LHAASO

We derive a universal expression for the gravitational radiation energy spectrum dE  GW /dω at sub-leading order emitted from a generic gravitational hard scattering of multi-particles or multi-bodies. Our result includes all   <math> <mi>O</mi> </math>  $$ \mathcal{O} $$ (ω) corrections to the gravitational radiation flux from a generic 2 → N collision, in both the cases of massless and massive particles/bodies. We also show the dependence of the radiation energy flux by the quantum spin in case of particle collisions. Then, we consider the specific case of a gravitational elastic scattering of two massive bodies, i.e. m + M → m + M with m, M the masses of the two bodies respectively. We demonstrate that in this case all   <math> <mi>O</mi> </math>  $$ \mathcal{O} $$ (ω) contributions to the energy flux exactly cancel each others. Nevertheless, we also show that, for a 2 → 2 inelastic scattering, the inclusion of sub-leading soft gravitons leads to a not zero radiation flux, having a simple expression in certain asymptotic regimes. Our results can be applied to the case of Black Hole collisions with possible testable implications in gravitational waves physics.

Kaiqiang Zeng

Soft gravitational radiation from multi-body collisions