<p>As a strong candidate for new physics beyond the Standard Model, the exotic charged gauge boson <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>W</mi><mo>′</mo></msup></math> has attracted extensive research interest. In this work, we investigate the interactions of the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>W</mi><mo>′</mo></msup></math> boson at the electron-proton colliders. The process <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>e</mi><mo>−</mo></msup><mi>u</mi><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><msub><mi>ν</mi><mi>e</mi></msub><mi>d</mi></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>e</mi><mo>−</mo></msup><mi>u</mi><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><msup><mi>e</mi><mo>±</mo></msup><mi>j</mi><mi>j</mi><mi>j</mi></math> with <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>t</mi></math>-channel <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>W</mi><mo>′</mo></msup></math> exchange are studied. The polarization of the initial-state electrons has a significant impact on the cross section of the studied process, while the angular distribution of the final-state leptons serves as an important observable for the interactions of the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>W</mi><mo>′</mo></msup></math> boson. In some specific regions of the parameter space, the detectable mass range for the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>W</mi><mo>′</mo></msup></math> boson can reach around 10 TeV, and the coupling strength can achieve a precision of approximately 1% relative to the interaction strength of the Standard Model. Especially, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>e</mi><mo>−</mo></msup><mi>u</mi><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><msup><mi>e</mi><mo>+</mo></msup><mi>j</mi><mi>j</mi><mi>j</mi></math> process is forbidden within the Standard Model, which would constitute important evidence in the search for the left-right symmetric model.</p>

China

Xinyi Yan

Honglei Li

Zhi-Long Han

Fei Huang

Ruiyu Xing

Study the property of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>W</mi><mo>′</mo></msup></math> at future <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>e</mi><mo>−</mo></msup><mi>p</mi></math> collider

Measurements of properties of top quark-antiquark pair production in association with a W boson in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV are presented, using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb , recorded by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC. Events are selected based on the presence of either two leptons with the same electric charge or three leptons, and multiple jets and b-tagged jets. We present measurements of differential production cross sections as a function of kinematic variables sensitive to different aspects of the process modeling, using a multivariate discriminator in the two-lepton selection region and a simple selection-based method in the three-lepton region. The normalized cross section measurements are generally consistent with the standard model expectations, while we observe larger values compared to the expectations in the absolute cross section measurements, consistent with previous inclusive cross section measurements. In addition, we measure the leptonic charge asymmetry of this process, obtaining an observed value of $$ {A}_c^{\ell }=-{0.19}_{-0.18}^{+0.16} $$ , consistent with the expectation of $\textit{−}$0.085 $\textit{±}$ 0.006 predicted by next-to-leading order simulations.

Armenia

A. Hayrapetyan

V. Makarenko

A. Tumasyan

Austria

W. Adam

J. Andrejkovic

L. Benato

T. Bergauer

M. Dragicevic

C. Giordano

P. Hussain

M. Jeitler

N. Krammer

A. Li

D. Liko

I. Mikulec

J. Schieck

D. Schwarz

R. Schöfbeck

M. Shooshtari

M. Sonawane

W. Waltenberger

C.E. Wulz

Belgium

T. Janssen

H. Kwon

D. Ocampo Henao

T. Laer

P. Mechelen

J. Bierkens

N. Breugelmans

J. D’Hondt

S. Dansana

A. Moor

M. Delcourt

F. Heyen

Y. Hong

P. Kashko

S. Lowette

I. Makarenko

D. Müller

J. Song

S. Tavernier

M. Tytgat

G. Onsem

S. Putte

D. Vannerom

B. Bilin

B. Clerbaux

A. Das

I. Bruyn

G. Lentdecker

H. Evard

L. Favart

P. Gianneios

A. Khalilzadeh

F. Khan

A. Malara

M. Shahzad

L. Thomas

M. Bemden

C. Vander Velde

P. Vanlaer

F. Zhang

M. Coen

D. Dobur

G. Gokbulut

J. Knolle

L. Lambrecht

D. Marckx

K. Skovpen

N. Bossche

J. Linden

J. Vandenbroeck

L. Wezenbeek

S. Bein

A. Benecke

A. Bethani

G. Bruno

A. Cappati

J. De Favereau De Jeneret

C. Delaere

A. Giammanco

A. Guzel

V. Lemaitre

J. Lidrych

P. Malek

P. Mastrapasqua

S. Turkcapar

Brazil

G. Alves

M. Barroso Ferreira Filho

E. Coelho

C. Hensel

T. Menezes De Oliveira

C. Mora Herrera

P. Rebello Teles

M. Soeiro

E. Tonelli Manganote

A. Vilela Pereira

W. Aldá Júnior

H. Brandao Malbouisson

W. Carvalho

Measurements of $$ \textrm{t}\overline{\textrm{t}}\textrm{W} $$ differential cross sections and the leptonic charge asymmetry at $$ \sqrt{s}=13 $$ TeV

A model-independent measurement of the differential production cross section of the Higgs boson decaying into a pair of W bosons, with a final state including two jets produced in association, is presented. In the analysis, events are selected in which the decay products of the two W bosons consist of an electron, a muon, and missing transverse momentum. The model independence of the measurement is maximized by employing a discriminating variable, developed through machine learning, that is agnostic to the signal hypothesis. The analysis is based on proton-proton collision data at $$ \sqrt{s}=13 $$ TeV collected with the CMS detector from 2016–2018, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb . The production cross section is measured as a function of the difference in azimuthal angle between the two jets. The differential cross section measurements are used to constrain Higgs boson couplings within the standard model effective field theory framework.

M. Matthewman

Model-independent measurement of the Higgs boson associated production with two jets and decaying to a pair of W bosons in proton-proton collisions at $$ \sqrt{s}=13 $$ TeV

<p>Understanding the source of the universe’s asymmetry between matter and antimatter is one of the major open questions in particle physics. In this work, the sensitivity of novel machine-learning-based inference techniques to <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi></math>-odd and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi></math>-even <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>H</mi><mi>W</mi><mi>W</mi></math> anomalous couplings is studied in the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>W</mi><mi>H</mi><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mo>ℓ</mo><mi>ν</mi><mi>b</mi><mover accent="true"><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover></math> channel (<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mo>ℓ</mo><mo>=</mo><mi>e</mi><mo>,</mo><mrow><mi>μ</mi></mrow></mrow></math>), within the standard model effective field theory framework. Two machine-learning simulation-based inference (SBI) methods are explored: a per-event likelihood-ratio estimator, which directly approximates the ratio of probability densities between competing hypotheses, is benchmarked against a per-event optimal-observable estimator optimized for sensitivity to the parameters of interest. Both approaches are also compared to traditional summary statistics, in this case histograms of kinematic and angular observables, as commonly used in experimental analyses. SBI methods provide tighter constraints than one-dimensional summary statistics, though their performance is comparable to two-dimensional histogram analysis. The optimal-observable approach remains promising for its ability to probe multiple couplings simultaneously. Restricting the analysis to a region of high <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>S</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>B</mi></math> also enhances sensitivity to <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi></math>-odd operators while preserving sensitivity to <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi></math>-even operators, which histogram analyses often lose. Although the likelihood-ratio estimator sometimes struggles with likelihood minima and shapes, optimizations that target its robustness could make it more sensitive than both the optimal-observable estimator and the histogram method. These results underscore the potential of advanced simulation-based inference techniques, encouraging further exploration with LHC Run 3 data to surpass current ATLAS and CMS sensitivities.</p>

Portugal

Marta Silva

Ricardo Barrué

Inês Ochoa

Patricia Conde Muíño

Searching for <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>H</mi><mi>W</mi><mi>W</mi></math> anomalous couplings with simulation-based inference

Building on the work of Gang, Kang, and Kim [ ], we propose 3D bulk dual field theories for 2D $$ \mathcal{N}=1 $$ supersymmetric minimal models $\textit{SM}$($\textit{P}$, $\textit{Q}$) and $\textit{W}$ algebra minimal models $\textit{W}$ ($\textit{P}$, $\textit{Q}$). We associate to $\textit{SM}$($\textit{P}$, $\textit{Q}$) a Seifert fibered space $\textit{S}$ (($\textit{P}$, $\textit{P}$ − $\textit{R}$), ($\textit{Q}$, $\textit{S}$), (3, 1)) with $\textit{PS}$ − $\textit{QR}$ = 2, and for $\textit{W}$ ($\textit{P}$, $\textit{Q}$) a Seifert fibered space $\textit{S}$ (($\textit{P}$, $\textit{P}$ − $\textit{R}$), ($\textit{Q}$, $\textit{S}$), ($\textit{N}$+1, −2$\textit{N}$ − 1)) with $\textit{PS}$ − $\textit{QR}$ = 1, and realize the bulk theory via the 3D-3D correspondence. For the unitary series, the bulk theory flows in the IR to a gapped phase which, under suitable boundary conditions, supports the unitary chiral minimal model on the boundary. For the non-unitary series, the bulk theory flows to the 3D $$ \mathcal{N}=4 $$ superconformal field theory whose topological twist yields a non-unitary topological field theory supporting the non-unitary chiral minimal model on the boundary under appropriate boundary conditions. We also propose UV gauge theory descriptions of the bulk theories obtained by gluing $\textit{T}$[SU($\textit{n}$)] building blocks. For $\textit{SM}$($\textit{P}$, $\textit{Q}$), we provide non-trivial consistency checks — matching between various bulk partition functions and boundary conformal data — while for $\textit{W}$ ($\textit{P}$, $\textit{Q}$), we present preliminary checks and leave further consistency checks for future work.

United States

South Korea

Seungjoo Baek

Heesu Kang

Non-hyperbolic 3-manifolds and bulk field theories for supersymmetric/$\textit{W}$

In this study, we investigate a scenario based on the effects of the Loop Quantum Gravity (LQG) on the electromagnetic sector of the Standard Model of Fundamental Interactions and Particle Physics (SM). Starting from a post-Maxwellian version of electromagnetism that includes LQG effects, we derive and discuss the influence of LQG parameters on classical quantities such as the components of the stress-tensor. Furthermore, we inspect the propagation of electromagnetic waves and examine the optical properties of the QED vacuum in this scenario. Among these, we contemplate the combined effect of the LQG parameters and a homogeneous background magnetic field on the propagation of electromagnetic waves by considering issues such as group velocities and refractive indices of the QED vacuum, in detail. Finally, with the aid of the previously analyzed LQG-extended photonic dispersion relations, we re-discuss the kinematics of the Compton effect and conclude that an interesting nonlinear profile emerges in the wavelengths of the incoming and deflected photons.

P.A.L. Mourão

G.L.L.W. Levy

J.A. Helayël-Neto

Reassessing aspects of LQG-modified dispersion relations of photons * P. A. L. Mourão is support by CAPES. G. L. L. W. L. Levy is support by the Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), Grant No. E-26/202.437/2024.

Inspired by the observation of the ${\eta}_{t}$ meson at the LHC and the promising prospect of the ${\eta}_{t}$ meson available at the approaching HL-LHC, branching ratios for the ${\eta}_{t}$ ${\to}$ $f\bar{f}$ , $gg$ , ${\gamma}{\gamma}$ , $W^{+}W^{-}$ , $Z^{0}Z^{0}$ , $Z^{0}{\gamma}$ , and $Z^{0}H$ decays are roughly estimated. It is found that tens of opposite-charge dilepton events from the ${\eta}_{t}$ ${\to}$ $W^{+}W^{-}$ decay and hundreds of events from the ${\eta}_{t}$ ${\to}$ $Z^{0}H$ ${\to}$ ${\ell}^{+}{\ell}^{-}H$ decay using the single $Z^{0}$ boson tagging method are expected to be accessible. This estimation provides a reference for future experimental study on the ${\eta}_{t}$ meson.

Yueling Yang

Bingbing Yang

Jiazhi Li

Zhaojie Lü

Junfeng Sun

Searching for the toponium ${{\boldsymbol\eta}_{\boldsymbol t}}$ with the ${{\boldsymbol\eta}_{\boldsymbol t}}$ ${\boldsymbol\to}$ ${{\boldsymbol W}^{\bf +}{\boldsymbol W}^{\bf -}}$ decay * Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (12275068, 12275067), the National Key R&D Program of China (2023YFA1606000), the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province (252300421491, 242300420250), and the Science and Technology R&D Program Joint Fund Project of Henan Province (225200810030), as well as the Science and Technology Innovation Leading Talent Support Program of Henan Province (254200510039)

One-loop contributions for the decay process $ H^{\pm} \rightarrow W^{\pm}Z $ within the Two-Higgs-Doublet Model (THDM) are computed in the general $ {\cal{R}}_{\xi} $ gauge, and its phenomenological applications at future muon–TeV colliders are investigated. Analytic results are confirmed by several consistency tests, including those of $\textit{ξ}$-independence, renormalization-scale stability, and the ultraviolet finiteness of the one-loop amplitude. We first perform an updated parameter scan of the Type-X THDM in phenomenological studies. The production of charged Higgs boson pairs at future muon–TeV colliders is then investigated through two processes: $ \mu^+\mu^- \rightarrow H^+H^- \rightarrow W^{\pm}W^{\mp}Zh $ and $ \mu^+\mu^- \rightarrow \gamma\gamma \rightarrow H^+H^- \rightarrow W^{\pm}W^{\mp}Zh $ . Both signal events and their significance are evaluated considering the corresponding Standard Model backgrounds. We find that the signal significances can exceed $ 5\sigma $ at several benchmark points in the viable parameter space of the Type-X THDM.

Vietnam

Dzung Tri Tran

Quang Hoang-Minh Pham

Khoa Ngo-Thanh Ho

Khiem Hong Phan

One-loop expressions for ${H^\pm \rightarrow W^\pm Z} $ and their implications at muon-TeV colliders * This research is funded by Vietnam National Foundation for Science and Technology Development (NAFOSTED) (103.01-2023.16)

We construct, for the first time, new static non-extremal five-dimensional black hole solutions (without or with squashed horizons) endowing with four different electric charge parameters in the $\textit{D}$ = 5, $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 2 supergravity coupled to $\textit{three}$ vector multiplets with a specific pre-potential $$ \mathcal{V} $$ = $\textit{STU}$ – $\textit{W}$ $\textit{U}$ ≡ 1. When the fourth charge parameter disappears, the solution simplify reduces to the three-charge static black hole solution previously presented in ref. [1], which belongs to the solution to the $\textit{D}$ = 5, $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 2 supergravity coupled to $\textit{two}$ vector multiplets (also notably known as the $\textit{STU}$ model). We parameterize the model in such a simple fashion that not only can one easily recover the static three-charge solution but also it is very convenient to study their thermodynamical properties of the obtained black hole solutions in the case without a squashing horizon. We then show that the thermodynamical quantities perfectly obey both the differential first law and integral Smarr formula of thermodynamics. Finally, we also extend to present its generalizations with squashed horizons or including a nonzero cosmological constant.

Di Wu

Shuang-Qing Wu

Four-charge static non-extremal black holes in the five-dimensional $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 2, $\textit{STU}$ − $\textit{W}$ 2 $\textit{U}$ supergravity

In this paper, we investigate thermodynamical aspects of a novel static non-extremal black hole solution in the five-dimensional anti-de Sitter (AdS) space carrying four independent electric charge parameters and with a negative cosmological constant, within the framework of $$D=5$$ , $$\mathcal {N}= 2$$ gauged supergravity coupled to three vector multiplets specified by the pre-potential $$\mathcal {V}= STU -W^2U \equiv 1$$ . A central outcome of our work is the demonstration that the thermodynamics of this solution consistently satisfies both the differential and integral forms of the mass formulae of black hole thermodynamics. When the fourth charge is set to zero, our configuration reduces to the known three-charge static non-extremal AdS $$_5$$ black hole within the gauged $\textit{STU}$ model, and its thermodynamic behavior connects smoothly to that limit. Finally, we also provide a brief discussion about topological classifications of its thermodynamics.

Thermodynamics and topological classifications of static non-extremal four-charge AdS black hole in the five-dimensional $$\mathcal {N}= 2$$ , $$STU-W^2U$$ gauged supergravity