We show that the lattice glueball masses <italic>M<inf>G</inf></italic> versus <italic>N</italic> in SU( <italic>N</italic>) and Sp(2 <italic>N</italic>) Yang-Mills theories scale as <math altimg='si38.svg'><mrow><mfrac><msub><mi>M</mi><mi>G</mi></msub><msqrt><mi>&#963;</mi></msqrt></mfrac><mo>&#8764;</mo><msqrt><mfrac><mrow><msub><mi>C</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>a</mi><mi>d</mi><mi>j</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow><mrow><msub><mi>C</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>f</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></mfrac></msqrt></mrow></math>, with <italic>&#963;</italic> the fundamental string tension and <italic>C</italic> <inf>2</inf>( <italic>adj</italic>) and <italic>C</italic> <inf>2</inf>( <italic>f</italic>) the quadratic Casimir of the gauge algebra in the adjoint and fundamental representations. This scaling behaviour is followed by the great majority of available lattice glueball states, and may set constraints on <italic>SU</italic>(3) models by imposing a specific behaviour at <italic>N</italic>&#8239;&#8800;&#8239;3. The observed scaling is compatible with two assumptions: (1) The glueball masses are proportional to the square root of the adjoint string tension, <math altimg='si39.svg'><mrow><msub><mi>M</mi><mi>G</mi></msub><mo>&#8764;</mo><msub><msqrt><mi>&#963;</mi></msqrt><mrow><mi>a</mi><mi>d</mi><mi>j</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math>; (2) The string tension follows the Casimir scaling, i.e. <math altimg='si40.svg'><mrow><msub><mi>&#963;</mi><mrow><mi>a</mi><mi>d</mi><mi>j</mi></mrow></msub><mo linebreak='goodbreak'>=</mo><mfrac><mrow><msub><mi>C</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>a</mi><mi>d</mi><mi>j</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow><mrow><msub><mi>C</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>f</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></mfrac><mi>&#963;</mi></mrow></math>. In a constituent gluon picture, our results suggest a low-lying glueball spectrum made of two transverse constituent gluons bound by an adjoint string, completed by three transverse constituent gluons bound by a Y-junction of adjoint strings rather than a <math altimg='si41.svg'><mrow><mstyle mathvariant='normal'><mi>&#916;</mi></mstyle><mo linebreak='goodbreak'>&#8722;</mo></mrow></math>shaped junction of fundamental strings.

Belgium

Fabien Buisseret

Cyrille Chevalier

Spain

Vincent Mathieu

Claude Semay

Casimir scaling in glueballs in SU( <italic>N</italic>) and Sp(2 <italic>N</italic>) gauge theories: Hints from constituent approaches

Gravitational waves sourced by amplified scalar perturbations are a common prediction across a wide range of cosmological models. These scalar curvature fluctuations are inherently nonlinear and typically non-Gaussian. We argue that the effects of non-Gaussianity may not always be adequately captured by an expansion around a Gaussian field, expressed through nonlinear parameters such as <italic>f</italic> <inf>NL</inf>. As a consequence, the resulting amplitude of the stochastic gravitational wave background may differ significantly from predictions based on the standard quadratic source model routinely used in the literature.

Italy

Switzerland

A.J. Iovino

S. Matarrese

G. Perna

A. Ricciardone

A. Riotto

How well do we know the scalar-induced gravitational waves?

While significant effort has been devoted to precision calculations of the production of two Higgs bosons via gluon fusion, the treatment of their decays in this process has only recently begun to attract attention. It has been found that fixed-order QCD corrections to fiducial di-Higgs decay rates involving the $$b\overline{b }$$ decay channel can be substantial. Considering $$HH\to b\overline{b }\gamma \gamma $$ , we show that such corrections arise predominantly from sensitivity to soft and collinear QCD radiation at fixed order, and that they are largely washed out once parton showers are included.

Germany

Jens Braun

Duarte Fontes

Gudrun Heinrich

Do large QCD corrections to di-Higgs decay survive parton showering? A study of $$HH\to b\overline{b }\gamma \gamma $$

Holographic models that consider classical vector fields in a 5-d background provide effective descriptions for heavy vector meson spectra. This is true both in vacuum and a thermal medium, such as quark gluon plasma. However, the manner in which these phenomenological models work is unclear. In particular, what is the role of the fifth dimension, and what is the relation between the holographic 5-d background and physical (4-d) heavy mesons? Hadrons, in contrast to leptons, are composite particles with some internal structure that depends on the energy at which they are observed. In this study, a static meson is represented by a heavy quark-antiquark pair with an interaction described by a Nambu Goto string existing in the same 5-d background that provides field solutions leading to masses and decay constants of charmonium states. The resulting interaction potential is linear for large distances, with a string tension consistent with the effective Cornell potential. Introducing temperature $\textit{T}$ in the background, it is found for the $J/\psi$ case that there is a deconfining transition at some critical value of $\textit{T}$. The obtained results indicate that the 5-d background effectively represents the internal structure of the (static) charmonium (quasi) states.

Brazil

Nelson R.F. Braga

Yan F. Ferreira

William S. Cunha

Holography and the internal structure of charmonium * The authors are partially supported by CNPq — Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnologico, by FAPERJ — Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro and by Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior — Brasil (CAPES), Finance Code 001

<p>The quest to discover new 3D CFTs has been intriguing for physicists. For this purpose, fuzzy sphere regularization that studies interacting quantum systems defined on the lowest Landau level on a sphere has emerged as a powerful tool. In this Letter, we discover a series of new CFTs with global symmetry <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>Sp</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>N</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math> in the fuzzy sphere models that are closely related to the SO(5) deconfined phase transition, and are related to a <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mi>Sp</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>N</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>/</mo><mo stretchy="false">[</mo><mi>Sp</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>M</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>×</mo><mi>Sp</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>N</mi><mo>−</mo><mi>M</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo stretchy="false">]</mo></mrow></math> nonlinear sigma model with a Wess-Zumino-Witten term. We numerically verify the emergent conformal symmetry by observing the integer-spaced conformal multiplets, the quality of conformal generators, and studying the finite-size scaling of the conformality. We discuss possible candidates for these newly discovered CFTs, the most plausible ones being Chern-Simons-matter theories which have <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>N</mi></math> flavors of gapless bosons or fermions coupled to a non-Abelian [<i>viz.</i> Sp(1), Sp(2), etc.] Chern-Simons gauge field. Our Letter provides new avenues for studying interacting CFTs in 3D, possibly facilitating the nonperturbative study of critical gauge theories and previously undiscovered CFTs.</p>

Canada

Zheng Zhou

Yin-Chen He

3D Conformal Field Theories with <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mi>Sp</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>N</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math> Global Symmetry on a Fuzzy Sphere

In general yes, but also not quite. It is known that if the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy is replaced by some kind of generalized entropy, then the Bekenstein bound may be grossly violated. In this work, we show that this undesired violation can be avoided if we employ the equivalence between generalized entropy and varying- <italic>G</italic> gravity (GEVAG). In this approach, modifying entropy necessarily also modifies gravity (as one should expect if gravity is indeed inherently tied to thermodynamics), which leads to an effective gravitational &#8220;constant&#8221; <math altimg='si1.svg'><msub><mrow><mi>G</mi></mrow><mrow><mtext>eff</mtext></mrow></msub></math> that is area-dependent, and a thermodynamic energy that is distinct from the ADM mass. We show that a relaxed Bekenstein bound of the form <math altimg='si2.svg'><mi>S</mi><mo>&#10877;</mo><mi>C</mi><mi>R</mi><mi>E</mi></math> is always satisfied, albeit the coefficient <italic>C</italic> is no longer 2 <italic>&#960;</italic>.

China

Hengxin Lü

Yen Chin Ong

Do black holes with generalized entropy violate Bekenstein bound?

We perform a detailed study of the current phenomenological status of baryon number violating operators within the framework of the $\textit{R}$-parity violating Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (RPV-MSSM). This study aims to identify any gaps in the experimental coverage of the RPV landscape. We identify the unique final states for all possible LSPs decaying via four different benchmark UDD operators. Both the direct production of the LSP and its production via gauge-cascades are considered. For each LSP, we assume that only one UDD coupling is non-zero at a time and confront the signals with existing ATLAS and CMS searches implemented in the recasting framework CheckMATE 2. We find that the UDD colored LSP sector is well covered with the mass bounds on the gluino LSP being the strongest, and with possible improvements for some of the right-handed squark LSPs. We also point out that there is limited coverage for electroweakino and slepton LSPs with UDD decays. This limitation may be due to the lack of targeted experimental searches for these specific final states or the appropriate recasting of existing searches.

Herbi Dreiner

United States

Michael Hank

Sweden

Yong Koay

Martin Schürmann

Rhitaja Sengupta

Apoorva Shah

Nadja Strobbe

Evelyn Thomson

The ABC of RPV. Part II. Classification of R-parity violating signatures from UDD couplings and their coverage at the LHC

We consider two four-dimensional SCFTs with gauge group Sp($\textit{N}$): the $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4 SYM theory and the $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 2 theory with four hypermultiplets in the fundamental representation and one hypermultiplet in the rank-2 antisymmetric representation of the gauge group. Using supersymmetric localization and by exploiting a Toda equation, we compute the integrated correlator between a half-BPS Wilson line and two moment map operators of conformal dimension 2. We obtain exact expressions for this observable, valid for any value of the ’t Hooft coupling in the large $\textit{N}$-limit of the theory and we derive the corresponding strong coupling expansions.

L. Lillo

M. Frau

A. Pini

Integrated line-defect correlators in Sp($\textit{N}$) SCFTs at strong coupling

It is generally believed that quantum entanglement in the maximally entangled states is greater than quantum entanglement in the non-maximally entangled states under a relativistic setting. In this paper, we study quantum entanglement for four different types of Bell-like states of the fermionic modes near the event horizon of a Schwarzschild black hole. It is interesting to find that quantum entanglement in the maximally entangled states is less than quantum entanglement in the non-maximally entangled states in Schwarzschild spacetime. From the perspective of quantum resources, the non-maximally entangled states may have more advantages in curved spacetime compared to the maximally entangled states. This is obviously different from the conclusions in previous paper. For two types of Bell-like states, quantum entanglement suffers sudden death under the Hawking effect of the black hole, and for the other two types of Bell-like states, quantum entanglement can exist forever regardless of the Hawking temperature. Therefore, we should choose appropriate types of Bell-like states to handle relativistic quantum information tasks.

Shu-Min Wu

Si-Han Li

Do maximally entangled states always have an advantage over non-maximally entangled states in Schwarzschild black hole?

We propose a scenario of a de Sitter universe living on an End-of-the-World brane. Motivated by the Swampland programme and in particular the Cobordism Conjecture, we consider a compact region of AdS nucleating from nothing, with a dS living on its boundary. We show that it can equivalently be interpreted as an up-tunnelling from AdS with cosmological constant Λ → −∞, following Brown and Dahlen’s proposal for ‘nothing’. Their picture naïvely leads to the conclusion that the brane has infinite negative tension. But we show that it becomes finite and positive once we employ holographic renormalization, recovering the Bubble of Something where the domain wall becomes a boundary of spacetime. The same holds true in any number of dimensions and, moreover, at the level of metric perturbations. This provides motivation for alternative routes of obtaining cosmology from quantum gravity or string theory using domain walls, departing from conventional vacuum approaches.