<p>Topological symmetry operators of holographic large <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>N</mi></math> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>CFT</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>D</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math>’s are dual to dynamical branes in the gravity dual <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>AdS</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>D</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></math>. We use this correspondence to establish a dictionary between thermal expectation values of symmetry operators in the Euclidean <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>CFT</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>D</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math> and the evaluation of gravitational saddles in the presence of a dynamical brane. Expectation values of 0-form symmetry operators in the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>CFT</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>D</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math> are then related to branes wrapped on volume minimizing cycles in the bulk, i.e., the Euclidean continuation of a black hole horizon. We illustrate with some representative examples, including gravity in <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>AdS</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></math>, duality/triality defects in four-dimensional <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi mathvariant="script">N</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>4</mn></math> super Yang-Mills theory, and the dual of R-symmetry operators probing five-dimensional Bogomol’nyi–Prasad–Sommerfield black holes.</p>

United States

Jonathan J. Heckman

Sweden

Max Hübner

Chitraang Murdia

On the holographic dual of a symmetry operator at finite temperature

<p>Using data samples collected by the BESIII detector located at the Beijing Electron Positron Collider, the cross sections of the process <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>e</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup><msup><mrow><mi>e</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo></mrow></msup><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><msub><mrow><mi>f</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>1285</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><msup><mrow><mi>π</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup><msup><mrow><mi>π</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo></mrow></msup></mrow></math> are measured at 45 center-of-mass energies from 3.808 to 4.951 GeV. An investigation on the energy-dependent cross section is performed, and no significant structure is observed.</p>

Cross section measurement of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>e</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup><msup><mrow><mi>e</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo></mrow></msup><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><msub><mrow><mi>f</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>1285</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><msup><mrow><mi>π</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup><msup><mrow><mi>π</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo></mrow></msup></mrow></math> at center-of-mass energies between 3.808 and 4.951 GeV

We develop a unified dynamical systems framework for spatially flat FLRW cosmology in $\textit{f}$($\textit{Q}$) gravity, covering all three connection branches using a single set of Hubble-normalised variables without fixing the function $\textit{f}$($\textit{Q}$) a priori. This model-independent and connection-agnostic approach enables direct comparison across connection choices and uncovers structural features of the cosmological dynamics not visible in connection-specific formulations. While the existing works narrowly focus only on fixed point analysis, in our work we put special efforts to identify the invariant submanifolds, model-independent trajectories and physically viable regions of phase space across connections. For a broad class of viable $\textit{f}$($\textit{Q}$) models, we establish the generic existence of de Sitter attractors and matter-dominated fixed points in the two branches of connection, offering a robust route to late-time acceleration without fine-tuning. We further identify an invariant submanifold that yields $$\Lambda $$ CDM-like background evolution despite underlying dynamics distinct from General Relativity, providing a geometric origin for cosmic acceleration distinguishable only at the perturbation level. We also derive a first integral on this submanifold, allowing analytic reconstruction of the dynamical connection and uncovering hidden conservation laws. Another key feature we found is that while trivial connections exhibit strong parameter dependence, the nontrivial branches often feature parameter-independent behaviours. We also study the variation of the effective gravitational coupling, $$k_{\text {eff}}$$ , across branches and show how this can be constrained using astrophysical observations, which bridges theoretical viability with observational consistency in a novel way. Applying our framework to the illustrative model $$f(Q)=\alpha Q + \beta (-Q)^n$$ , we find late-time acceleration and $$\Lambda $$ CDM-like behaviour without vacuum energy. Finally, we propose a general route for extending dynamical systems analysis to broader classes of $\textit{f}$($\textit{Q}$) models using the $$m_i$$ -hierarchy method. This framework enables closure for models previously inaccessible to standard approaches and offers a diagnostic tool for identifying structurally viable cosmologies within modified gravity theories.

India

Jibitesh Dutta

Wompherdeiki Khyllep

Thailand

South Africa

Saikat Chakraborty

China

Daniele Gregoris

Khamphee Karwan

A unified dynamical systems framework for cosmology in $\textit{f}$($\textit{Q}$) gravity: generic features across the connection branches

To date, wormholes have not been observed. Dynamic wormholes are difficult to detect due to their transient existence or extremely low spacetime curvature contrast, while static wormholes rely on “exotic matter” that violates the Null Energy Condition and lack direct theoretical support. This study explores the mechanism of dynamic wormhole formation via gravitational collapse of Bose–Einstein Condensate (BEC) dark matter in generalized Vaidya spacetime. Under specific conditions, the gravitational collapse of BEC dark matter interacts with gravitational fields to trigger abrupt changes in spacetime topology. This process depends on special parameters that are more likely to be satisfied in extreme environments. During the collapse, the condensate properties of BEC influence the evolution of spacetime curvature, and its intrinsic oscillatory behavior may facilitate the formation of dynamic wormholes. The research deduces function constraints that satisfy various energy conditions, constructs a dynamic wormhole form adapted to generalized Vaidya spacetime, and derives the Hawking radiation expression and mass function constraints by combining Lorentz-breaking quantum gravity theory. This mechanism confirms the feasibility of dynamic wormhole formation, provides a new perspective for understanding the behavior of dark matter under extreme gravity and the evolution of spacetime topology, and advances wormhole research toward the analysis of dynamic formation processes.

Junjie Wei

Discussion on the feasibility of dynamic wormhole formation based on the gravitational collapse of Bose–Einstein condensed dark matter on generalized Vaidya space-time

We propose a unified model of dark energy and inflation through the Markov–Mukhanov modification of the Einstein–Hilbert action, where the matter sector is coupled to gravity via a scalar coupling function depending only on the energy density of the matter content. We assume that the coupling function encodes the UV corrections to the standard model of cosmology and we determine the form of the coupling that allows for the dark energy component to be dynamical and act as the inflaton field in the early universe. Interestingly we show that our model, in order to account for inflation, prefers a dark energy equation of state with $\textit{w}$ close but not equal to $$-1$$ in agreement with the latest DESI data.

Kazakhstan

Hrishikesh Chakrabarty

Daniele Malafarina

A unified model of dark energy and inflation from the Markov–Mukhanov action

We present a PyTorch-based framework for forward folded reactor neutrino spectrum fitting that accelerates the two main bottlenecks: IBD mapping and detector response, using (i) result caching, (ii) banded sparse matrices, and (iii) blocked construction of the response. On an Intel Xeon Gold 6338 CPU, these techniques reduce per-fit walltime by $$\approx 7\times $$ (median over 5 runs) relative to a dense, unoptimized implementation, with $$<10^{-6}$$ relative spectral error versus a double-precision baseline. The framework has been applied to reactor-neutrino oscillation analyses and is reusable in other neutrino experiments that rely on forward-folded energy spectra, enabling practical Feldman–Cousins coverage studies and large parameter scans at substantially lower computational cost.

Jingqin Xue

Han Zhang

Hongfang Shen

Guangbao Sun

Dian Li

Liangqianjin Fan

Haifeng Yao

Liang Zhan

Xiang Zhou

Xuefeng Ding

High-performance statistical methods for reactor neutrino oscillations

In this paper, we investigate a digitised SU(2) lattice gauge theory in the Hamiltonian formalism. We use partitionings to digitise the gauge degrees of freedom and show how to define a penalty term based on finite element methods to project onto physical states of the system. Moreover, we show for a single plaquette system that in this framework the limit $$g\rightarrow 0$$ can be approached at constant cost.

Germany

Timo Jakobs

Marco Garofalo

United Kingdom

Tobias Hartung

Cyprus

Karl Jansen

Johann Ostmeyer

Switzerland

Simone Romiti

Carsten Urbach

Dynamics in hamiltonian lattice gauge theory: approaching the continuum limit with partitionings of SU(2)

We investigate the reconstruction of standard and generalized Rastall gravity inflationary models, using the scalar spectral index and the Rastall parameter expressed as functions of the number of <math altimg='si3.svg'><mrow><mi>e</mi><mo linebreak='goodbreak'>&#8722;</mo></mrow></math>folds <italic>N</italic>. Within a general formalism, we derive the effective potential in terms of the relevant cosmological parameters and the Rastall parameter for these gravity frameworks. As a specific example, we analyze the attractor <math altimg='si4.svg'><mrow><msub><mi>n</mi><mi>s</mi></msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>N</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow><mo linebreak='goodbreak'>&#8722;</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>&#8733;</mo><msup><mi>N</mi><mrow><mo>&#8722;</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math>, first by considering constant values of the Rastall parameter to reconstruct the inflationary stage in standard Rastall gravity, and then by assuming a linear dependence on the number of <math altimg='si3.svg'><mrow><mi>e</mi><mo linebreak='goodbreak'>&#8722;</mo></mrow></math>folds <italic>N</italic> to reconstruct the inflationary model in generalized Rastall gravity. Thus, the reconstruction of the potential <italic>V</italic>( <italic>&#981;</italic>) is obtained for both standard and generalized Rastall gravity inflationary models. In both frameworks, we constrain key parameters of the reconstructed models during inflation using the latest observational data from Planck.

Chile

Ramón Herrera

Carlos Ríos

Reconstructing inflation in a generalized Rastall theory of gravity

Compact formulas (2.1), (3.14) presented in this paper permit to formulate the Kallen-Lehmann harmonic decompositions of the products of two spinor and of spinor and scalar harmonic functions on AdS and Wightman functions on dS spaces; the correct flat space limit of the corresponding Kallen-Lehmann densities is demonstrated, the connection between poles of the Kallen-Lehmann density and the late-time divergence of the spinor-scalar loop is traced in the Yukawa model with light scalar field. Also in section 4 the relatively simple, suitable for calculations Kallen-Lehmann representations of the real parts of spinor and scalar one-loop self-energies on dS space-time are proposed, and corresponding spectral equations for conformal dimensions in the chain approximation are written down.

Russia

Boris Altshuler

Kallen-Lehmann representation for Spinor-Scalar Loops in de Sitter Space-time. Spectral equations

It is commonly believed that a unitary supersymmetric quantum field theory (QFT) involving graviton and gravitino fields on fixed 4-dimensional de Sitter spacetime ($\textit{dS}$ ) cannot exist due to known challenges associated with supersymmetry (SUSY) in $\textit{dS}$ . In this paper, we contradict this expectation by presenting a new unitary supersymmetric QFT on $\textit{dS}$ : the free supersymmetric theory of the chiral graviton and chiral gravitino fields. By chiral we mean that the corresponding field strengths are anti-self-dual, and the gauge potentials are complex, each carrying a single complex propagating degree of freedom. The global SUSY transformations are generated by the standard Dirac Killing spinors of $\textit{dS}$ . The theory overcomes the known obstacles to unitary global SUSY on $\textit{dS}$ by closing the commutator between two SUSY transformations on $\textit{so}$(4, 2) ⊕ $\textit{u}$(1) rather than the de Sitter algebra $\textit{so}$(4, 1). Crucially, the $\textit{so}$(4, 2) symmetry is realised through unconventional conformal-like transformations. This free theory cannot become interacting while preserving SUSY in a way that makes the spin-2 sector the true graviton sector of General Relativity, as the three-graviton coupling cannot be $\textit{u}$(1)-invariant.

Atsushi Higuchi

Belgium

Vasileios Letsios

Unitary rigid supersymmetry for the chiral graviton and chiral gravitino in de Sitter spacetime